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| | On the Rio Negro, by Alfred Russel Wallace |
 | | The fact that the most purely fl-water rivers flow through districts of dense forest, and have granite beds, seems to show that it is the percolation of the water through decaying vegetable matter which gives it its peculiar colour. |
 | | All the islands, as well as the low parts of the river banks, are flooded annually for several months--generally from April to August or September, the rise of the river being from 30 to 50 feet. |
 | | The cataracts of the Rio Negro extend in length about 20 miles, and are a series of rapids, where the river flows among islands and vast masses of granite rock, forming falls, eddies, and whirlpools, which greatly obstruct navigation. |
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