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Topic: Negro spiritual

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	Song Official Site of Negro Spirituals, antique Gospel Music
		The tunes and the beats of negro spirituals and Gospel songs are highly influenced by the music of their actual cultural environment.
		The codes of the first negro spirituals are often related with an escape to a free country.
		Spirituals were sung at churches with an active participation of the congregation (as it is usual in a Pentecostal church). Their lyrics mainly remain similar to those of the first negro spirituals.
	www.negrospirituals.com (0 words)

	Negro Spiritual & Gospel Song
		It is in the pain of the slavery that was born negro spirituals.
		The negro spiritual is of African melodic and rhythmic inspiration.
		The negro spiritual is often an austere singing(song), usually without instrumental accompaniment, on a rhythm for two or in four time(weather).
	gospelen82.free.fr /english_version/pages/Negro_Spiritual_Gospel_Song.htm (1379 words)

	The Harvard Crimson :: Opinion :: The Legacy of Negro Spirituals
		The spiritual is the foundation upon which all other distinctly African-American forms of music, from jazz to rhythm and blues, have been built.
		Spirituals date back to the days of American slavery, when slaves turned to their newly acquired religion, Christianity, for comfort.
		One particularly distinctive element of the spiritual, and many subsequent forms of Black music, is “call-and-response.” Call-and-response is just what it sounds like: within a song, the leader sings one line and the other singers repeat or respond to that line.
	www.thecrimson.com /article.aspx?ref=161896 (0 words)

	[No title]
		The Negro Spiritual, sometimes referred to as plantation songs, sorrow songs or slave-songs, originated from the innermost being of enslaved Africans who were captured from the West Coast of Africa and transported to the Americas.
		Negro spirituals or, as they are now known, the songs of the African Americans, were born out of the struggle to survive by slaves in the 18th and 19th centuries.
		The words of the spirituals are mostly Bible inspired but take the stories and messages and relate them to the everyday experiences of the slaves.
	www.lycos.com /info/spirituals--negro-spirituals.html (518 words)

	The Art of the Negro Spiritual--A Music Research Project
		The Art of the Negro Spiritual is a research project that is looking into the rich history of the Negro Spiritual as written for solo vocal performance.
		We are researching the development of spirituals from the folk music of slaves of the United States to the art songs set for performance on the concert stage.
		The Negro Spiritual Group is for anyone interested in discussing all aspects of the genre.
	www.artofthenegrospiritual.com (0 words)

	History Official Site of Negro Spirituals, antique Gospel Music
		The story of the negro spirituals is closely linked to the History of African Americans, with its three milestones:
		The lyrics of negro spirituals were tightly linked with the lives of their authors: slaves.
		At the same time, some composers arranged negro spirituals in a new way, which was similar to the European classical music.
	www.negrospirituals.com /history.htm (0 words)

	The Negro Spirtuals: Performance
		Adding to all this complexity in the performance of spirituals was the practice of audience participation—indeed, in the strict sense of the term there was no audience.
		Their volume, The Book of American Negro Spirituals, was issued by the Viking Press in 1925 and 1926.
		Unfortunately, many spirituals were never written down, and thus have passed from memory in the course of time.
	www.afgen.com /spirituals2.html (661 words)

	[No title]
		The plantation songs known as the “spirituals” are the spontaneous outbursts of intense religious fervor, and had their origin chiefly in the campmeetings, the revivals, and in other religious exercises.
		Since spirituals today are probably performed at least as much from written sources as from oral tradition, the versions we are familiar with vary somewhat from seventeenth and eighteenth century versions.
		It encompasses the anthems and spirituals with which we are largely familiar, chanted or half-sung sermons, improvisations by laboring gangs, the songs of itinerant street singers, and the spontaneous cries or hollers that are heard in the open fields.
	www.faithalone.org /journal/1993ii/J11-93e.htm (5489 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for negro
		Negro The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology...
		Moynihan Report The name conventionally given to the volume on The Negro Family: The Case for National Action, published by the US Department of Labor in 1965, and authored by the American social scientist and politician Daniel P. Moynihan.
		Monte Negro and the urban revolution in Oaxaca, Mexico.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=negro (677 words)

	The Negro Spiritual Workshop
		The Georgia Spiritual Ensemble was created to further the enduring legacy and tradition of the Negro Spiritual.
		The Georgia Spiritual Ensemble is dedicated to sustaining that tradition by bringing to life their feelings, emotions and musical genius each of these musical gems possess.
		Because of the strong musical legacy the spiritual possesses and the horrific conditions under which it "sprang," into existence, it continues to maintain its original haunting quality and its uncanny beauty and dignity.
	www.thenegrospiritualworkshop.com /article_the_georgia_spiritual_ensemble.htm (0 words)

	BlackNews.com - Keeping The Tradition of the Negro Spiritual
		Negro spirituals link the suffering and hope of salvation of the slaves with the suffering and salvation of the Gospel _ universal elements that transcend race and culture, Ridout and others say.
		Over the years, the spiritual, which experienced a reawakening during the civil rights movement of the 1960s, has become more entwined with gospel music, a more formal style that arose in the urban North in the late 19th century and is characterized by arrangements and instrumentation.
		Sam Edwards, president and co-founder of the San Francisco-based Friends of Negro Spirituals, sees membership in his group growing each year, but he says reaching out to young people is critical.
	www.blacknews.com /pr/negrospiritual101.html (891 words)

	SearchEngine.net - Negro Spiritual Songs
		Negro spirituals were the first uniquely American music to come out of this...
		The Negro Spiritual Published quarterly, it focuses on Negro Spiritual education, history related to Negro Spirituals, events, individuals,...
		Research on the Negro Spiritual, which will develop into a book with accompanying recording of selected songs...
	www.searchengine.net /Negro_Spiritual_Songs.htm (221 words)

	Spiritual renewal / Devotees hope to save religious songs born in slavery
		But he says the real challenge is preserving spirituals in their less sophisticated, vernacular form as part of contemporary worship.
		Spirituals sustained fl Americans during the days of slavery and retain that same psychological, religious and emotional value today.
		Spirituals may have started as folk songs, but there was never anything simplistic about their lyrics or musical structures, Kinchen says.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/04/09/WBGVG6053G1.DTL (2048 words)

	Negro spirituals endure - The Washington Times: Culture, etc. - April 29, 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		But beyond the simple melodies and easy-to-remember lyrics that helped make them staples of American popular music, Negro spirituals are an enduring legacy of the slaves who relied on them for both solace and hope.
		Negro spirituals link the suffering and hope of salvation of the slaves with the suffering and salvation of the Gospel -- universal elements that transcend race and culture, Mr.
		Over the years, the spiritual, which experienced a reawakening during the civil rights movement of the 1960s, has become more entwined with gospel music, a more formal style that arose in the urban North in the late 19th century and is characterized by arrangements and instrumentation.
	washingtontimes.com /culture/20050428-112004-5613r.htm (996 words)

	Albert C. Barnes: Negro Art and America (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The contributions of the American Negro to art are representative because they come from the hearts of the masses of a people held together by like yearnings and stirred by the same causes.
		The Negro saw and followed the path that was to lead him out of the wilderness and back to his own heritage through the means of his own endowments.
		The yield to art was a new expression of Negro genius in a form of poetry which connoisseurs place in the class reserved for the disciplined art of all races.
	etext.virginia.edu /harlem/BarNegrF.html (2254 words)

	The Negro Spirituals
		Friends of Negro Spirituals, an organization whose founding was inspired by the music of the Moses Hogan Chorale.
		The November issue of the Negro Spiritual is dedicated to the late Moses Hogan (1957-2003) and to the Moses Hogan Chorale.
		It is my understanding that The Friends of Negro Spirituals organization is playing a significant role in the promotion of our return to the Greater Bay Area at Stanford University on November 19, 1999 and at the Herbst Theater on November 20, 1999.
	www.dogonvillage.com /negrospirituals (0 words)

	negro spiritual - OneLook Dictionary Search
		We found 6 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word negro spiritual:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "negro spiritual" is defined.
		Negro spiritual : Encarta® World English Dictionary, North American Edition [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=negro+spiritual&ls=a (105 words)

	[No title]
		After 1985, negro spirituals are sung at church, by the congregations and by invited singers.
		But educators thought that negro spirituals are musical pieces, which must be interpreted as such.
		Beginning with percussive sounds that imply this beloved spiritual's African roots, this creative arrangement is available in multiple voicings for use any time during the church year, or when a prayer emphasis is desired.
	www.lycos.com /info/spirituals--miscellaneous.html (310 words)

	Glimpses bulletin #89: Slaves sing spirituals: "let my people go"
		Spirituals are recognized as some of the world's most authentic spiritual utterances since David penned the Psalms.
		James Weldon Johnson noted this and commented, "The Negro took complete refuge in Christianity, and the Spirituals were literally forged of sorrow in the heat of religious fervor.
		Spirituals, which had rescued faithful fl Christians from "sinkin' down," now added vitality to the musical idioms of the world.
	chi.gospelcom.net /GLIMPSEF/Glimpses/glmps089.shtml (1569 words)

	AFROCENTRIC VOICES: Hall Johnson Biography
		He stated that he wanted "to show how the American Negro slaves--in 250 years of constant practice, self-developed under pressure but equipped with their inborn sense of rhythm and drama (plus their new religion)--created, propagated and illuminated an art-form which was, and still is, unique in the world of music."
		In 1951, the Hall Johnson Negro Choir was selected by the Department of State to represent the United States at the International Festival of Fine Arts held in Berlin, Germany.
		Hall Johnson was known not only for his compositions, but for the articles he authored that discussed the history of the spiritual and their performance practice.
	www.afrovoices.com /hjohnson.html (928 words)

	Lifestyle Of The Mende People Of South Carolina
		It is to the folklorists of the twentieth century that we owe the rediscovery of the negro spirituals, and indeed of virtually the whole body of Negro music, including the remarkable wealth of secular songs of which very little was known previously.
		Some investigators, notably George Pullen Jackson, Guy B. Johnson, and Newman white, maintain that the Negro spirituals were copies from the white spirituals, that is the religious folk sons of the rural white population.
		The opposite theory, upheld by Krehbiel, by Kolinski, by Herzog, and by Waterman, is that the negro spirituals and all Afro-American music in general, embodies traits that are fundamentally of African origin, though blended with Anglo-American elements.......
	www.angelfire.com /sc/jhstevens/pictures.html (1800 words)

	Press Release Archive: GW Gelman Library's Africana Research Center to Host "Art of the Negro Spiritual" Concert ...
		The concert and reception are sponsored by the Friends of the GW Libraries, and will benefit the Africana Research Center at The Gelman Library and The Art of the Negro Spiritual Research Project.
		The Art of the Negro Spiritual Research Project examines the rich historical and performance aspects of the Negro Spiritual as set into art song form.
		The results will be published as a book with an accompanying recording of selected spirituals performed by the researcher, soprano Randye Jones.
	www.gwu.edu /~media/pressreleases/11-05-02-AfricanaCenter.htm (311 words)

	MusicDish Industry e-Journal
		For the most part, I don’t think that a lot of people look at art songs written using Negro Spirituals as their source as “real” art songs, simply because of the fact that many of the composers who have written them are Black.
		I have not yet found a song cycle using Negro Spirituals using a large song cycle form like that, where there might be 25 songs in that cycle.
		The Spiritual art songs have a quality and a dramatic sense to them that really challenges the singer, not only to be technically correct, but to carry the emotion of the piece, along with the technical performance.
	www.musicdish.com /mag/?id=7465 (0 words)

	CD Baby: THE MARK LOMAX TRIO: Lift Every Voice!
		B.G. For centuries now, the Negro Spiritual has been a great source of fuel and power that was used to strengthen and unite the oppressed fl American.
		The Negro Spiritual was used as a weapon of peace and unity during the 1950's and 60's struggle for civil rights.
		This is a very dangerous and precarious position to be in, for it is the music of the Negro Spiritual that carries within its lyrics and folk melodies the strong, yet tragic, history of a beautiful and chosen people.
	www.cdbaby.com /lomax3 (538 words)

	The American Experience \| Jubilee Singers \| Horace Clarence Boyer, Musicologist, The Negro Spiritual
		Boyer : The Negro spiritual is a type of folksong, a religious folksong made up by the people for a particular need, and in their words, in their musical language, and used when they need it.
		Once the slaves accepted Christianity, when they sang these spirituals, when they sang these songs, it actually put them in a mood to get work done, to pay attention, to synchronize labors, and therefore the overseer liked it, so that they encouraged the singing of this song.
		So that the Negro spiritual itself is a religious folksong of the slave era, which expresses basically two thoughts.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/singers/filmmore/reference/interview/boyer01.html (277 words)

	Schiller Institute-- Swing Low, Sweet Chariot -- Astronomy and the Negro Spiritual
		I have been playing and singing that song for many years now, since my father-in-law, Abraham Chertoff, who has Alzheimer's, still responds to classical music and spirituals, which he loves, and sang in his better days.
		Then I took out my star maps and astrolabe, and, sure enough, in the Spring time, shortly after sundown, the Chariot is low on the horizon, and continues to swing up (counterclockwise) during the first part of the night, thus becoming brighter and brighter, and more helpful.
		Your membership and contributions enable us to publish FIDELIO Magazine, and to sponsor concerts, conferences, and other activities which represent critical interventions into the policy making and cultural life of the nation and the world.
	www.schillerinstitute.org /music/spirituals_astronomy.html (476 words)

	[No title]
		Spirituals are an oral tradition handed down from generation to generation.
		The fact that spirituals are so embedded in every aspect of African-American life has led Dr. Gloria Quinlan to assert that the Negro Spiritual is much more than a folk song.
		Fisher sings “Ole One Hundreds” or Negro Spirituals as a tribute to her ancestors and shares her stories as often as she can in local schools, churches and statewide festivals.
	www.texasfolklife.org /resources/curriculum_NegroSprirituals.doc (3184 words)

	The Authentic History Center:
		African American spirituals, usually with a Christian religious theme, were originally monophonic and a cappella and were antecedents of the blues.
		The terms Negro spiritual, Black spiritual, and African-American spiritual, jubilee, and African-American folk songs are all synonymous.
		They were an expression of spiritual devotion and a yearning for freedom from bondage.
	www.authentichistory.com /antebellum/spirituals/index.html (476 words)

	The Negro Spiritual
		In an historic occasion, Negro Spirituals were honored in Oakland, California on April 11, 1999.
		The Golden Gate Branch of the National Association of Negro Musicians, Inc., honored them in a program,“A Tribute to the Black Spiritual.” The salute to the irreplaceable music was presented at the Beth Eden Baptist Church.
		The celebration of the Black Spiritual was a unique and special one.It was opened and closed with the audience singing the Negro National Anthem, “Life Ev’ry Voice and Sing.”
	www.dogonvillage.com /negrospirituals/one/pg5.htm (0 words)

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