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Topic: Neil Turok

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Neil has always been interested in what might be called, alternative cosmology.
		Even before these observations, Neil and I had realized that if there was a four form gauge field, one could invoke anthropic arguments to make it cancel the cosmological constant, that one would expect from symmetry breaking.
		But Neil Turok and I, realized his ideas on open inflation, could be fitted in with the no boundary proposal.
	hal3000.cx:70 /Misc/Stephen_Hawking/inflate.txt (5497 words)

	Turok - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The characters of Turok and Andar were created by Gaylord Du Bois, who wrote all of their stories up through Turok #8, beginning with the first Four Color one-shot.
		Turok was (in the illustrations depicting him) a full-grown adult.
		The first Turok video game appeared early in the life of the Nintendo 64 console, and the next two sequels were also Nintendo exclusives, though were later ported to PC.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Turok (1214 words)

	Scientific 'battle' about universe's origin: 4/98
		The subject is a new theory for the origin of the universe that has been announced by Hawking and his Cambridge colleague Neil Turok.
		He thinks that they have applied some of their mathematics incorrectly and that their method would create empty universes where matter and energy are so scarce that it would be impossible for life to form.
		Turok and Hawking's mechanism predicts a distinctive pattern of fluctuations in the microwave sky.
	news-service.stanford.edu /news/1998/april29/hawking.html (1579 words)

	UFO Area - 'Cyclic universe' can explain cosmological constant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		According to Steinhardt and Turok, today's universe is part of an endless cycle of big bangs and big crunches, with each cycle lasting about a trillion years.
		But he points out that there are other cosmic coincidences that the cyclic model cannot explain, like why the size of the cosmological constant is so similar to the density of matter in the universe today.
		Turok says that he and Steinhardt will be looking at that problem next.
	www.ufoarea.com /physics_cosmology_cyclicuni.html (499 words)

	It's infinite space, time vs. big bang \| www.azstarnet.com ®
		Space and time go on forever, and the so-called big bang said to have started the universe is actually part of a repeating cycle, according to a new paper that challenges conventional wisdom in physics.
		Infinite space and time would contradict the generally accepted notion of a universe expanding abruptly out of nothing 14 billion years ago, said Neil Turok, a professor of mathematical physics at University of Cambridge in England.
		Turok wrote the paper in the journal Science with Paul Steinhardt of Princeton University.
	www.azstarnet.com /sn/printDS/127805 (312 words)

	One Big Bang, or were there many? \| Science \| Guardian Unlimited
		The standard big bang theory says the universe began with a massive explosion, but the new theory suggests it is a cyclic event that consists of repeating big bangs.
		Turok and Steinhardt's theory is an alternative to another explanation called the "anthropic principle", which argues that the constant can have a range of values in different parts of the universe but that we happen to live in a region conducive to life.
		Rather than making precise predictions for features of the universe the anthropic principle gives a vague range of values so it is difficult for physicists to test, he added.
	www.guardian.co.uk /science/story/0,,1768191,00.html (641 words)

	SCIENCE Online -- Watson 278 (5338):574
		Even champions of defect theory are oddly upbeat about its demise, announced in several recent papers that compared its predictions with measurements of the cosmic microwave background, the radio hiss that reveals the contours of the early universe.
		Working with Ue-Li Pen at Harvard College Observatory and Uros Seljak of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Turok has found that at least the simpler versions of the theory are in conflict with observations of the microwave background made by NASA's COBE satellite.
		Turok and his collaborators took the measured fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background, fed them into their new defect-evolution algorithm, which runs on a supercomputer, and used it to predict the distribution of galaxies we see in the universe today.
	www.cita.utoronto.ca /~pen/articles/sciencedef.html (1095 words)

	[No title]
		They dubbed it a “pea instanton.” And what an extraordinary pea it is, for Turok and Hawking insist that it's the seed from which the universe sprouted.
		Turok and Hawking’s pea instanton is attractive as a scientific theory because it’s testable.
		Which is exactly why Turok and Hawking have been pursuing their theory: The pea instanton, it turns out, produces an open universe through inflation.
	stripe.colorado.edu /~yulsman/Instanton1.html (3407 words)

	Science collides with a Big Bang - BrainMeta.com Forum
		Neil Turok, professor of applied mathematics and theoretical physics at Britain's Cambridge University, had just expounded to a conference of fellow physicists his revolutionary theory of how the universe began.
		What Turok had done in his lecture and accompanying papers was to challenge an idea that has held physicists in thrall for more than four decades: that time, space and everything else all appeared out of nothing and began with one Big Bang.
		Turok and Steinhardt suggest that such events may happen every trillion years in a kind of cycle.
	brainmeta.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=15441 (6497 words)

	Amazon.com: "Neil Turok": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Neil Turok and Stephen Hawking's pea instanton represents such an attempt.
		I recall a U.K. itinerant cosmology meeting in which Neil Turok, then one of the main opponents of inflation,...
		The possibility of cusplike behaviour was first recognized by Neil Turok in 1984 [Tur84].
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Neil-Turok (437 words)

	Professor Stephen Hawking
		Another recent development, is that observations of supernovas, have suggested that the universe may have a small cosmological constant, at the present time.
		Despite these indications of a low density lambda universe, I continued to believe that the cosmological constant was zero, and the no boundary proposal, implied that the universe must be closed.
		The approach Neil Turok and I took, was to invoke the weakest version of the anthropic principle.
	www.hawking.org.uk /lectures/inflate.html (5491 words)

	Howstuffworks "Big Bang Called Into Question"
		This sort of thing happens all the time, but some new and radical ideas about the Big Bang theory from Professor Neil Turok have led to a hostile debate in the scientific community.
		Turok, a professor of applied mathematics and theoretical physics at Cambridge University in England, presented some fundamentally different ideas about the origins of the universe at a conference last week.
		Turok and his associates are simply fed up with these flaws.
	science.howstuffworks.com /big-bang-news.htm (584 words)

	Time: The Infinite Question. 26/4/2002. ABC News Online
		The Big Bang theory rests on the idea that time and space, everything that makes up the universe, was at one point squeezed into one infinitely small location and event called a "singularity".
		He is postulating two infinitely large sheets, facing each other in parallel, that sometimes touch each other at various points and sometimes actually pass through each other.
		Neil Turok agrees it is a rather Buddhist way of looking at the universe - that we've been here forever and we're going to be here forever.
	www.abc.net.au /news/indepth/featureitems/s540880.htm (567 words)

	vodka, tetraneutrons and quantum mistresses: The Cyclic Universe
		Recently, Paul Steinhardt and Neil Turok published a cyclic universe theory in the journal Science.
		The universe is at least 986 billion years older than physicists thought and is probably much older still, according to a radical new theory.
		The standard big bang theory says the universe began with a massive explosion, but the new theory suggests it is a cyclic event that consists of repeating big bangs and big crunches - where every particle of matter collapses together.
	blog.stasis.org /archives/2006/05/the_cyclic_universe.html (1213 words)

	Theory of Everything - View Single Post - Some comments on M Theory and "parallel" universes
		Today on British television there was a repeat of a documentary on parallel universe theory with Neil and others, now that he is at the forefront of a particular version of all that.
		The irony is that many years ago it was Neil who joking said maybe Hegel had all the answers, a view that has never been far from my own view, now that I have evolved my own Mathematics of Everything (Fractal Dialectics).
		Anyway, Neil Turok and two others famous in these fields — called Paul and Bert, met at a Cambridge conference on M—Brane theory in 11 dimensions and took the train to London to see a theatre show.
	www.toequest.com /forum/7714-post1.html (1457 words)

	Eternal Universe - SciForums.com
		Criticism is to be expected, concedes Neil Turok of Cambridge University, UK, who developed the cyclic model with cosmologist Paul Steinhardt of Princeton University in New Jersey.
		Turok and Steinhardt's model suggests that this is because energy, in the form of gravity, leaks across the fifth dimension between our Universe and its complementary braneworld.
		Steinhardt and Turok agree that problems with the mathematics could be their undoing.
	www.sciforums.com /showthread.php?t=8365 (1727 words)

	washingtonpost.com: New Theory of Universe Goes Beyond the Bang
		What distinguishes the proposal by Princeton University's Paul J. Steinhardt and Cambridge University's Neil Turok is its reliance on string theory, a new field of theoretical physics that postulates a multidimensional substructure of space and matter.
		In Steinhardt and Turok's model, the visible universe exists within a three-dimensional membrane, or "brane," that can be simplistically imagined as a stretchy rubber sheet.
		Cosmologists said it will take considerable time and work to explore Steinhardt and Turok's proposal and to see how it stacks up against the well-honed inflationary theory, which explains the behavior of the cosmos in the earliest moments after the Big Bang.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A8245-2002May12?language=printer (1033 words)

	Princeton - Physics - New Theory Provides Alternative to Big Bang
		The cyclic model entails many new concepts that Turok and Steinhardt developed over the last few years with Justin Khoury, a graduate student at Princeton, Burt Ovrut of the University of Pennsylvania and Nathan Seiberg of the Institute for Advanced Study.
		"This work by Paul Steinhardt and Neil Turok is extraordinarily exciting and represents the first new big idea in cosmology in over two decades," said Jeremiah Ostriker, professor of astrophysics at Princeton and the Plumian Professor of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy at Cambridge.
		Steinhardt and Turok continue to refine the theory and are looking for theoretical or experimental ideas that might favor one idea over the other.
	www.princeton.edu /pr/pwb/02/0506/0506-cyclicuniverse.htm (1267 words)

	Cyclic universe could explain cosmological constant (May 2006) - News - PhysicsWeb
		Although a similar model was developed by US physicist Larry Abbot in the 1980s, he showed that the descent to small values of Λ took so long that all the matter in the universe would have completely dissipated during this time, therefore resulting in an empty universe.
		Steinhardt and Turok have fixed this flaw by combining his model with their cyclic model of the universe.
		However, Steinhardt and Turok's model says the gravitational waves generated if their model is correct would be too small to be detected.
	physicsweb.org /articles/news/10/5/3/1 (721 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		But a new mathematical model, that views the universe as two infinitely large sheets, provides a mathematical detour and points to the Big Bang as just one of an infinite series of expansions and compressions.
		The Chair of Mathematical Physics at Cambridge University Neil Turok.
		"We have shown that it's possible for the universe to merely be the consequence of the latest cycle and for time to repeat itself in a sense," Turok says.
	www.buddhistnews.tv /current/time-infinite-N.php (505 words)

	Did The Cosmos Arise From Nothing?
		In Turok’s view, the universe makes the most sense as a one-shot deal — a view that runs counter to MIT cosmologist Alan Guth’s theories about “multiverses” or eternal inflation.
		To Turok, however, such theories are not as economical or predictive, since there’s no way for one “multiverse” to affect another.
		Turok came in for some grief over Hawking’s widely reported comment that the scientific picture of creation reserved no role for a Creator.
	afgen.com /cosmos.html (519 words)

	NSDL Metadata Record -- Beyond Inflation: A Cyclic Universe Scenario
		The universe is made homogenouse and flat and scale-invariant adiabatic pertubations are generated through an epoch of low energy acceleration.
		Paper by N. Turok and P. Steinhardt presented at the Nobel Symposium "String Theory and Cosmology", 2003.
		Inflation is typically seen in current Big Bang models of the universe, however this paper proposes a cyclic universe without high energy inflation.
	nsdl.org /mr/1049250 (151 words)

	Universe in 'Endless Cycle'
		Paul Steinhardt and Neil Turok propose that the cosmos goes through an endless cycle - of Big Bang, expansion and stagnation - driven by an as yet unexplained "dark energy".
		Steinhardt and Turok put this energy - a scalar field as they mathematically describe it - right at the centre of their new model.
		Steinhardt and Turok have discussed their ideas with peers and have received a positive, but "cautious", response.
	science.krishna.org /Articles/2002/10/011.html (861 words)

	The Epoch Times \| Cyclic Universe May Solve Einstein Mystery
		Paul Steinhardt of Princeton University in the USA and Neil Turok of Cambridge University in the UK think the "cyclical universe" theory might explain the mystery.
		But, say Drs Steinhardt and Turok in the recent edition of Science, if time existed before the "big bang", and if matter was recreated every trillion years or so, the cosmological constant would have plenty of time to decline to the level observed today.
		In their "cyclic universe" theory, the universe spends most of its time with a small cosmological constant, and the repeated creation of matter means that each expansion cycle would include a significant amount of matter, as we see today.
	www.theepochtimes.com /news/6-6-22/42612.html (546 words)

	Turok's Inflationary Theory Work (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In 1995, a physicist named Neil Turok worked with Martin Bucher and Alfred Goldhaber in creating an inflationary, open universe theory.
		Although Turok disliked the fact the theory could not explain what came before inflation, he gave lectures on open inflationary universes in Cambridge and caught the attention of Stephen Hawking.
		Hawking suggested that Turok cast his ideas in the frame of the Hartle and Hawking No-Boundary theory.
	web.uvic.ca /~jtwong/pre-H-T.htm (209 words)

	Cyclic universe bounces back (April 2002) - News - PhysicsWeb
		Paul Steinhardt of Princeton University and Neil Turok of Cambridge University claim to have solved the problems that have plagued theories of a ‘bouncing’ universe since the 1930s.
		Now Steinhardt and Turok say that – according to ‘M-theory’ – the universe need not pass through a singularity between a big crunch and a big bang.
		They say that the density of matter is perfectly finite during such a collision, and that a singularity only occurs in the sense that the dimension that separated these branes disappears briefly during the collision.
	physicsweb.org /article/news/6/4/21 (556 words)

	Ceilidh ... Cosmologists Revive Cyclical Theory, Say Universe Had “Many Big Bangs” (with PHOTO)(Expansionary Theory)
		Paul Steinhardt and Neil Turok propose the idea that the cosmos goes through an endless cycle - of Big Bang, expansion and stagnation - which is driven by an as yet unexplained "dark energy".
		Mr Steinhardt and Mr Turok put this energy - a scalar field, they call it - right at the centre of their new model.
		Mr Steinhardt and Mr Turok have discussed their ideas with peers and have received a positive, but "cautious", response.
	www.zey.com /ceilidh/98a3cec2MjC-4500-17-00.htm (732 words)

	altvw115
		In this column I want to describe a new possible description of the universe, a cosmological paradigm proposing a universe that is infinite, eternal, and that recycles itself from Big Bang to Big Crunch at regular time intervals.
		This new model of cosmology is the work of Paul J. Steinhardt of Princeton and Neil Turok of Cambridge, and is inspired by string theory and based on Steinhardt’s own ekpyrotic cosmology, as described in a previous AV column (“Brane Bashing: Big Bang or Big Clap?”, Analog, April-2002).
		A cyclic universe, a world that goes through periodic cycles of destruction and renewal, is a classic theme of many mythologies and religions.
	www.npl.washington.edu /AV/altvw115.html (1771 words)

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