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Topic: Nemanjid

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	The American Journal of Russian and Slavic Studies
		The significance of this is that, had the Latins penetrated inland any further and began to control the economic life of the interior, Serbia might not have come into existence, and she might have merely become a permanent vassal state of Hungary such as Croatia, or a trading outpost of Venice.
		The Nemanjid dynasty in Serbia had three aims: internal stability; the strengthening of Orthodoxy; and Serbian expansion for self-defense.
		All three of these things might be considered all aspects of one another, and there is much to be said for this view.
	www.rusjournal.com /sbiii.html (4778 words)

	List of Serbian monarchs
		All names of Nemanjid monarchs started with Stefan, beginning from Stefan Nemanja[?].
		Entries bounded within parentheses are for reference only, for instance the Roman numerals keep counts of Stefan's and Lazar's.
		Nemanjid[?] Dynasty or House of Nemanjić(i)[?] (ca 1166-1371)
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/li/List_of_Serbian_monarchs.html (161 words)

	Lexiko
		Sava of Serbia (1175-1235): the founder and organiser of the autocephalous Serbian Church and the youngest son of the kralj Stefan Nemanja, founder of the Nemanjid dynasty.
		Stefan II Nemanja:Sovereign of Serbia (1217-27) and son of the founder of the Nemanjid dynasty, Stefan.
		He was crowned King by a representative of the pope in 1217, which was why he was given the attribute of 'the First-Crowned'.
	www2.fhw.gr /chronos/10/en/lexiko/lexs.html (1180 words)

	Wikipedia: Kosovo and Metohia
		His successor (also called Stefan) took control of the rest of Kosovo by 1216, creating a state incorporating most of modern Serbia-Montenegro.
		During the rule of the Nemanjid dynasty, many Serbian Orthodox churches and monasteries were built throughout Serbian territory, particularly Kosovo which became the economic, demographic, religious and political heartland.
		The Nemanjid rulers alternatively used both Prizren and Pristina as their capitals.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/k/ko/kosovo_and_metohia.html (3050 words)

	Tsar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		After his death around 1370, he was succeeded in his claims by his son John Uroš, who retired to a monastery in about 1373.
		With the extinction of Nemanjid dynasty in Serbia in 1371, the imperial title became obsolete (though it was retained by Stefan Uroš IV's widow Elena of Bulgaria until her death in 1376/1377).
		The royal title was preserved by Vukašin, a Serbian ruler in Macedonia, who had been associated by Stefan Uroš V as king, but lapsed on the death of his son Marko in 1395.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tsar (4533 words)

	Reference Encyclopedia - Tsar
		After his death around 1370, he was succeeded in his claims by his son John Uroš, who retired to a monastery in about 1373.
		With the extinction of Nemanjid dynasty in Serbia in 1371, the imperial title became obsolete (though it was retained by Stefan Uroš IV's widow Elena of Bulgaria until her death in 1376/1377).
		The royal title was preserved by Vukašin Mrnjavčević, a Serbian ruler in Macedonia, who had been associated by Stefan Uroš V as king, but lapsed on the death of his son Marko in 1395.
	referenceencyclopedia.com /?title=Tsar (4540 words)

	Tsar
		After his death around 1370, he was succeeded in his claims by his son Jovan UroÅ¡, who retired to a monastery in about 1373.
		With the extinction of Nemanjid dynasty in Serbia in 1371, the imperial title became obsolete (though it was retained by Stefan UroÅ¡ IV's widow Elena of Bulgaria until her death in 1376 / 1377).
		The royal title was preserved by VukaÅ¡in, a Serbian ruler in Macedonia, who had been associated by Stefan UroÅ¡ V as king, but lapsed on the death of his son Marko in 1395.
	www.seattleluxury.com /encyclopedia/entry/Tsar (3133 words)

	THE RULERS' INSIGNIA IN THE STRUCTURAL
		It denotes the territory of the Nemanjid Serbia or, metaphorically, the power of its sovereigns in general.
		The weapons of the early Nemanjids obviously tended to be magically venerated.
		For the ideologists of this period, the Nemanjid ruler was an earthly representative of Christ, and the
	istorija.tripod.com /THE%20RULER1.htm (6192 words)

	The American Journal of Russian and Slavic Studies
		The zupan of the clan lived in a fortified citadel, the “Grad.” The heads of the rods would send representatives to concilliar meetings, as well as the bishops and abbots, creating a truly representative society and semi-state.
		The sabors themselves sent representatives to the grand sabor, the head of which was the grand zupan, or king.
		The local zupan was in charge of all common farming lands, and even Dusan’s code made allowance for these commons to remain public property (public in the real sense).
	www.rusjournal.com /sbiv.html (5494 words)

	Battle of Kosovo@Everything2.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Duan's glory days, however, were long gone by the time of the Battle of Kosovo: the emperor had died in 1355, and his possessions became contested between various noblemen of whom his son, Uro, was only one.
		Uro himself died in 1371, bringing his and Duan's Nemanjid dynasty to an end.
		In another round of readjustment, Kosovo's major towns - Prizren, Peć and Pritina - became the fiefdom of Vuk Branković, but the most powerful of the rivals was Lazar Hrebeljanović, who controlled the silver mines of Novo Brdo.
	www.everything2.com /index.pl?node_id=1286760 (1350 words)

	Kosovo and Metohija
		First, since Nemanjid Serbia had its origins to the north of Kosovo, he refutes the Serbian claim that Kosovo is the "cradle of Serbian civilization." He acknowledges that it became central to the Serbian state (at least geographically) in the thirteenth century, but he doubts that that centrality extended to politics, culture, and economics.
		He concedes that moving the seat of the Archbishopric (and then Patriarchate) to Pec at the end of the fourteenth century made Kosovo central to the Serbian Church, but he argues that this was only because of an attack on the monastery of Zica by Tatars and Cumans.
		More importantly, during the nineteenth century Serbian nationalism increasingly emphasized the glory of the Nemanjid period rather than concentrating on the defeat and moral victory at Kosovo.
	www.kosovo.net /emmert.html (1868 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		With the Fourth Crusade and the rise of the Second Bulgarian or Vlach Empire Kosovo passed for ever from Byzantine rule.
		Such historic facts tend to be forgotten in glorious legends, magnified by nationalist pride.
		It would share on the one hand a common Nemanjid and Orthodox history, on the other a long rule by Islam.
	coursesa.matrix.msu.edu /~fisher/bosnia/readings/Winnifrith1.html (3901 words)

	New Left Review - Jack Goody: How Ethnic is Ethnic Cleansing?
		There the conflict between Serbs and Albanians, which led first to massive expulsions from Kosovo of the latter by the former, followedâ”after NATO interventionâ”by no less thorough extrusion of the former by the latter, is only to be understood in its regional context.
		Historically, Kosovo was the core of the Serbian kingdom carved out from the Byzantine Empire in the twelfth century by the Nemanjid dynasty, whose borders extended to what are now Montenegro and Albania.
		In the thirteenth century, Pec became the seat of the Archbishop of the autocephalous Orthodox Church of Serbia, while the silver and other mines of Kosovo provided much of the wealth of the mediaeval Serbian kingdom.
	www.newleftreview.org /?page=article&view=2297 (4182 words)

	[Projekat Rastko - Gracanica-Pec] Djordje Jankovic: Middle Ages in Noel Malcolm's "Kosovo. A Short History" and real ...
		The Nemanjid period shrines of the Peć Patriarchate are grouped round a modest, earlier church, that of St. Apostles.
		It must be evident to the lover of the truth that this church must have been of particular significance for the Serbs since the seat of the Archbishop was precisely there and not in some more monumental monastery selected by the Nemanjids.
		Long ago in the foundations of the Patriarchate of Peć temples the remnants of a large church were found which have not been archeologically examined but are dated two construction stages before the Nemanjids, that goes as far back as the period between seventh and tenth and eleventh and twelfth centuries.
	www.rastko.org.yu /kosovo/istorija/malkolm/djankovic-facts.html (5282 words)

	Tsar info here at en.35of100d.info (Site not responding. Last check: )
		After her paradise everywhere 1370, he was succeeded in her by her son John UroÅ¡, who retired to a monastery in about 1373.
		With the extinction of Nemanjid dominion in Serbia in 1371, the imperial became done for (though it was retained by Stefan UroÅ¡ IV's widow Elena of Bulgaria till her paradise in 1376/1377).
		The royal was preserved by VukaÅ¡in, a Serbian ruler in Macedonia, who had out-of-style aided by Stefan UroÅ¡ V as king, but lapsed on the paradise of her son Marko in 1395.
	en.35of100d.info /Tsar (4420 words)

	Tsar Of Russia info here at en.2of100d.info (Site not responding. Last check: )
		After their bereavement about 1370, he was succeeded in their professions by their son John UroÅ¡, who retired to a monastery in about 1373.
		With the extinction of Nemanjid in Serbia in 1371, the imperial became stale (though it was retained by Stefan UroÅ¡ IV's widow Elena of Bulgaria her bereavement in 1376/1377).
		The royal was preserved by VukaÅ¡in, a Serbian ruler in Macedonia, who had anachronistic chumed by Stefan UroÅ¡ V as king, but lapsed on the bereavement of their son Marko in 1395.
	en.2of100d.info /Tsar_of_Russia (4538 words)

	Tsar info here at en.89of100e.info (Site not responding. Last check: )
		After their casualty approximately 1370, he was succeeded in their events by their son John UroÅ¡, who retired to a monastery in about 1373.
		With the extinction of Nemanjid dominion in Serbia in 1371, the imperial streamer became stale (though it was retained by Stefan UroÅ¡ IV's widow Elena of Bulgaria till her casualty in 1376/1377).
		The royal streamer was preserved by VukaÅ¡in, a Serbian ruler in Macedonia, who had out-of-date co-operatored by Stefan UroÅ¡ V as king, but lapsed on the casualty of their son Marko in 1395.
	en.89of100e.info /Tsar (4619 words)

	Andrew Rothovius
		The Montenegrin people were looked down on as brigands, almost wholly illiterate, and of use only as pawns for the Great Powers in their competition to pick up the pieces of the decaying Ottoman Turkish empire, which had ruled in the Balkans for five centuries.
		It was inherited from uncles to nephews, the bishops being barred from marrying.
		Little of the splendid medieval civilization, deriving from the Byzantine, that the Nemanjid kings had created in Serbia, survived in the bleak surroundings of the Crna Gora.
	www.conknet.com /~mmagnus/Rothovius/andrewtext.html (18514 words)

	New Left Review - Jack Goody: How Ethnic is Ethnic Cleansing?
		There the conflict between Serbs and Albanians, which led first to massive expulsions from Kosovo of the latter by the former, followedâ”after NATO interventionâ”by no less thorough extrusion of the former by the latter, is only to be understood in its regional context.
		Historically, Kosovo was the core of the Serbian kingdom carved out from the Byzantine Empire in the twelfth century by the Nemanjid dynasty, whose borders extended to what are now Montenegro and Albania.
		In the thirteenth century, Pec became the seat of the Archbishop of the autocephalous Orthodox Church of Serbia, while the silver and other mines of Kosovo provided much of the wealth of the mediaeval Serbian kingdom.
	newleftreview.org /A2297 (4182 words)

	List of Serbian monarchs : Serbian monarch
		All names of Nemanjid monarchs started with Stefan, beginning from Stefan Nemanja[?].
		Entries bounded within parentheses are for reference only, for instance the Roman numerals keep counts of Stefan's and Lazar's.
		Nemanjid[?] Dynasty or House of Nemanjić(i)[?] (ca 1166-1371)
	www.fastload.org /se/Serbian_monarch.html (200 words)

	The American Journal of Russian and Slavic Studies
		Stepan needed his brother Sava home to help against Vukasin, Sava’s older brother.
		Sava, bringing his father’s remains back to Serbia, brought peace between the two brothers over the myrrh-streaming and incorrupt relics of the first Nemanjid.
		Sava traveled extensively through Serbia from his home base as abbot at Studentsia.
	www.rusjournal.com /sbviii.html (4387 words)

	Albanian versus Illyrian!!! (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It seems that when the Nemanjid State collapsed, the Balsha family withdrew from the Serbian political scene and went back to their Albanian Catholic roots.
		The Balsha benefited from the breakdown of the Serbian state of the Nemanjids under Dusan’s son, Tsar Uros.
		That was the end of the Nemanjid dynasty.
	pub18.ezboard.com /fbalkansillyriaforum.showMessage?topicID=338.topic (14747 words)

	Kosovo - Free-Definition (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Su sucesor (también llamado Stefan) tomó el control del resto de Kosovo en 1216, creando un estado incorporando a la mayor parte de la Serbia-Montenegro actuales.
		Durante gobierno de la dinastía Nemanjid, muchas iglesias serbias Ortodoxas y monasterios fueron construidos en todo el territorio serbio, particularmente en Kosovo que se convirtió en el centro económico, demográfico, religioso y político.
		El soberano Nemanjid usó, alternativamente, tanto Prizren como Pristina como sus capitales.
	es.free-definition.com /Kosovo.html (4650 words)

	News about Serbs and Serbian lands \| Bishop Teodosije: Long-term protection of Serbian holy sitesnecessary, KIM Info ...
		Evidence of these is also found from the antique-Dardan period, during Roman Empire, roman-Byzantine, Byzantine, Nemanjid and Ottoman.
		Also this Kosovar wealth consists of some sacred constructions of paleochristian time, churches that were built and used by BChristian Illyrian-Arberor-Albanian population during the IV-VI centuries.
		Also some monasteries exist, churches of Byzantine-Kosovar style, eclectic churches of Byzantine style and roman-gothic style, monumental construction built mainly on the grounds of paleochristian objects that were constructed during the period of the Nemanjid Empire in Kosova during XIV century.
	news.serbianunity.net /bydate/2005/August_23/20.html (2017 words)

	text (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The strength of this book is White’s description of the places recognized by Serbs, Romanians, and Hungarians as symbolic, and his ability to situate these places into their (often contested) historical context.
		The attentive reader will learn a great deal about the territorial referents of the Nemanjid Dynasty, which united the South Slavs in the twelfth century, and the Slavs’ struggles against Ottoman incursions during the fourteenth century, historical accounts that can help us dissect Milosevic’s pseudohistorical nationalist narratives of the 1980s and 1990s.
		Illuminating are the detailed accounts of the political significance of Walachia and Moldavia, and the cultural significance of Transylvania, to Romanians, as White explains the complementary roles of these territories in the development and change in Romanian identity over time.
	gsa.rutgers.edu:16080 /~render/articles/hate.html (3179 words)

	[No title]
		Control was often very loose in the earliest, feudal political conglomerates, since higher levels seldom exercised direct control over local conditions (except sometimes during active military campaigns).
		Thus, the broad control over some areas under the Serbian Nemanjid dynasty (12th-14th Century) probably had little impact on the day to day lives of the peasants other than through imposition of legal standardization (for example in the Code of Stefan Dusan).
		Similarly, the change in allegiance of Croatian feudatories from the Hungarian Crown to the Habsburg emperor in 1527 would have had little local impact.
	www.demog.berkeley.edu /~gene/looking.glass.html (9167 words)

	Nemanjic (Site not responding. Last check: )
		(Serbian ; in English formerly Nemanjid) was a medieval Serbian ruling dynasty.
		It was descended from the cadet line of the House of Vojislavljevic.
		The current Karadordvic pretender to either the Serbian or the Yugoslavian throne is the last Crown Prince Alexander of Yugoslavia, who apparently would like to become Aleksandar IV of Serbia.
	koz.vianet.ca /boshis49.htm (1425 words)

	ksoovo information,kosovo (Site not responding. Last check: )
		His successor (also called Stefan) tookcontrol of the rest of ksoovo by 1216, creating a state incorporating most of modern Serbia-Montenegro.
		During the rule of the Nemanjid dynasty, many Serbian Orthodox churches and monasteries were built throughout Serbian territory, particularly ksoovo which became the economic, demographic,religious and political heartland.
		Largeestates were given to Serbian monasteries in Metohia (which included parts of Albania and Montenegro), for which the area earnedthe designation Metohia or "monastic land".
	www.vsearchmedia.com /ksoovo.html (4491 words)

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