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Topic: Nenets

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	The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
		The Nenets live in the polar regions of northeastern Europe and northwestern Siberia from the Kanin Peninsula on the White Sea to the Yenisey delta, occupying the central place among the Samoyed territories.
		The native land of the Nenets is the tundra and forest tundra, a country of permafrost, numerous rivers and vast marshy areas.
		In 1932 the Nenets literary language was established on the basis of the Bolshaya Zemlya vernacular (one of the Central vernaculars), using the Latin alphabet.
	www.eki.ee /books/redbook/nenets.shtml (2498 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Nenets
		The native land of the Nenets is the tundra and forest tundra, a country of permafrost, numerous rivers and vast marshy areas.
		In 1932 the Nenets literary language was established on the basis of the Bolshaya Zemlya vernacular (one of the Central vernaculars), using the Latin alphabet.
		Nenets herria Europako ipar-ekialdeko muturrean bizi da, eta haren Asiako luzapenean, Siberiako ipar-ekialdean, Jenisei ibaiaren itsasadarrean.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Nenets (258 words)

	NENETS or Yurak Samoyeds
		The Nenets inhabit the polar regions of Northeast Europe and Northwest Siberia between the Kanin Peninsula in the White Sea and the mouth of the Yenisey (ca 1 million sq.
		Administratively these areas belong in the Nenets National District of the Archangelsk Province (administrative centre Naryan Mar) and in the Yamal Nenets National District of the Tyumen Province (administrative centre Salekhard).
		Since the proportion of Nenets is constantly decreasing in their native settlement areas (22.4% in 1959, 13% in 1979), their primary danger is cultural assimilation.
	www.suri.ee /eup/nenets.html (497 words)

	Nenets or Yurak Samoyeds (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Nenets are a tribe that live in the polar regions of northeastern Europe and northwestern Siberia.
		This census concluded that the Nenets are not in danger of extinction but their native culture is. This is because during the 1970’s there was a period of intense russification.
		Nenets are particularly rich in ways of describing nature, weather conditions, and especially snow.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/oldworld/europe/nenets.html (619 words)

	TURAN - YAMAL-NENETS
		The language of the Nenets belongs to the Samoyedic branch of the Ural-Altaic language family while that of the Khanty belongs to its Ugrian branch.
		The Nenets are scattered throughout Yamal, while the Khanty reside mainly in the Panayevsky village council in the southern part of the region.
		Infant mortality among the Nenets and Khanty of Yamal has continued to fall, but is still far greater than among the non-indigenous population of the region, or the population of the whole Tyumen region as well as that of Russia.
	www.hunmagyar.org /turan/nenets/yamal.html (7901 words)

	Comparative Nenets-Nganasan Multimedia Dictionary. Introduction
		Nenets is spoken in a vast area from the White Sea in the west to the mouth of the Yenisei River in the east, and from the shore of the Arctic Ocean in the north to the edge of the boreal coniferous forest in the south (see the Map).
		Although the Nenets are nomadic people residing mainly in the tundra, their camps are also found in the forest area along some tributaries of the Ob River and along the Pur River.
		The Nenets were moving westwards, to Yamal Peninsula and Gydan Peninsula; the Nganasan eastwards, to Taimyr Peninsula and close to the Khatanga River.
	www.speech.nw.ru /NenNgan/introduction.html (2050 words)

	Nganasan-Russian Audio Dictionary
		The Nenets language belongs to the Northern branch of the Samoyedic group of languages, which in its turn forms the part of the Uralic language family.
		Nenets are the small people living along Arctic Ocean between Kola Peninsula and the mouth of river Yenisey.
		Nenets is the native language for 77,1% of them.
	www.speech.nw.ru /Nenets/intro-eng.html (748 words)

	Forest Nenets homepage
		Forest Nenets, together with Tundra Nenets, forms the Nenets group of languages, which belongs to the
		Nenets was formerly known as Yurak or Yurak Samoyed, both now obsolete.
		For links to pages covering both Nenets languages, see the Tundra Nenets homepage.
	www.helsinki.fi /~tasalmin/fn.html (87 words)

	Aboriginal Samoyed Dogs of the Yamal Peninsula
		Nenets and Hanty allow their dogs inside their chum (a teepee-like conical house made of wooden poles and deer skins).
		Nenets highly value their adult dogs, but a puppy can be obtained at no cost or traded for a bottle of vodka.
		Nenets and other natives of this region use their own method of preservation of common white fish (Coregonus sp.) Fresh whole fish, not scaled or skinned, is placed in a pit dug in the permafrost on a layer of sedge.
	www.samoyed.org /yamalsams.html (2320 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Nenets is spoken by 27,273 people, of which 26,730 people are native speakers.
		It is spoken in the wide area in North Russia including Nenets and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Komi Republic, and the eastern parts of Murmansk Oblast on the Kola peninsula.
		Nenets is written with an adapted form of the Cyrillic alphabet, incorporating the supplemental letters, ', and ".
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Nenets_language (258 words)

	Nenets language, alphabet and pronunciation
		Nenets belongs to the Samoyedic branch of the Finno-Ugaric languages.
		It is spoken by about 27,000 people in Siberia, particularly in the Nenets, Yamalo-Nenets, and Taymyr Autonomous Okrugs, in the Komi Republic, and in the eastern parts of Murmansk Oblast on the Kola peninsula.
		Nenets first appeared in written form in the 1830s in reglious texts published by archimandrite Venyamin Smirnov.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/nenets.htm (137 words)

	Nenets reindeer herding and industrial exploitation in northwest Russia Human Organization - Find Articles
		Nevertheless, during the second half of the 20th century the majority of the Nenets population settled (or was born) in villages established for collective farms.
		The Nenets have a special relationship to the tundra, which they consider home, and all are anxious about the future of reindeer herding (Golovnev 1995:198).
		Reindeer herding is the main form of land use in the Nenets District, and reindeer pastures occupy 73.4 percent of the territory (Andreeva 1999:37).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3800/is_200207/ai_n9124484 (855 words)

	Nenets: Bibliographical guide
		The traditional territory of the Tundra Nenets extends along a vast tundra zone from the Kanin Peninsula in the West to the Yenisei river delta and the Yenisei Bay in the East.
		This territory includes: Nenets autonomous area, part of the Mezen’ district of Arkhangelsk region, Murmansk region, Komi Republic (the Northern districts), Yamalo-Nenets autonomous area (Yamal, Nadym, and Taz districts, about half of the Ural district, Northern part of the Pur district); Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenets) autonomous area (Ust’-Yenisei district).
		An Outline of phonetic of the Forest dialect of Nenets.
	www.tooyoo.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp /Russia/bibl/Nenets.html (830 words)

	Siberian Survival: The Nenets and Their Story Demokratizatsiya - Find Articles
		The Nenets are among the thirty small groups of people of the North who have preserved their traditional reindeer-herding way of life in the face of intense gas exploration on the Yamal Peninsula, which by 1996 was scaling down for economic reasons.
		The authors assert that six assaults on Nenets culture-"the taking of property and reindeer..., the occupation of traditional lands..., the persecution of shamans..., the institution of forced labor..., the denial of voting rights..., and the forced removal of children to boarding schools..." have failed to destroy "the herding complex and culture" (144-45).
		The authors note that Nenets culture has survived because it is adaptable, and their very last sentence is, "We, as outsiders, must allow them the space for adaptation and the opportunity to retain control over their lives" (150).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3996/is_200307/ai_n9282088 (692 words)

	Nenets Autonomous Area - Kommersant Moscow
		The Nenets Autonomous Area borders on the Komi Republic in the south, Arkhangelsk Region in the southwest, and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area in the northeast.
		The area has a harsh climate with average January temperatures ranging from -12 °C in the southwest to -22 °C in the northeast and average July temperatures from +6 °C in the north to +13 °C in the south; average annual precipitation is about 350 mm; permafrost zones are encountered.
		The Nenets Autonomous Area is part of the Northern economic district of the Russian Federation.
	www.kommersant.com /page.asp?idr=370&id=-27 (1187 words)

	Nenets
		The Nenets Autonomous district is situated in the North European part of Russia.
		One result of thirty years of work is that when looking at hydrocarbon resources Nenets is on the first place among the Russian Northern regions.
		Nenets Autonomous District is rich with cultural and national traditions.
	www.beac.st /default.asp?id=289 (369 words)

	The Nenets and Khanty of Northern Russia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Arctic reindeer pastoralists, the Yamal Nenets and Khanty traveled great distances up and down the peninsula, moving from northern tundra pastures in summer to the more protected sub-Arctic taiga in winter.
		The culture and technology of the Nenets and Khanty were well adapted to the nomad pastoralist lifestyle of this arctic environment.
		Deprived of their lands, subsistence rights, and reindeer, most Nenets of Yamal became hired workers in reindeer breeding state enterprises, although about 1750 indigenous residents, comprising 343 households, still have small private herds, living on the tundra and more southern tiaga largely separate from the collective economic system.
	arcticcircle.uconn.edu /NatResources/nenets.html (533 words)

	New Statesman - Sledge ride to seven heavens of Nenets
		In the villages and towns in Yamal, the settled Nenets have a reputation for being drunkards and good-for-nothings, frequently unemployed.
		For many, separation from the herd has delivered a fatal blow: to the Nenets way of thinking, man is as much the servant of his reindeer as the animal is of the man. Paupers in one of the richest parts of Russia, the Nenets began to receive state assistance three years ago.
		The naivety of the Nenets is a constant source of astonishment to the region's town-dwellers.
	www.newstatesman.com /200012040023 (2150 words)

	Historic-demographic note on the Nenets of the Komi Republic
		The Nenets living in the Komi Republic are a small part of the Nenets of Russia, who are officially re-ferred to as on of the indigenous minorities of the North.
		The reason was that in the Nenets Okrug, on its eastern edge, bordering to the Vorkuta City Council of Komi, coal deposits were also discovered; and in 1954 a built-up area at the site of mine con-struction became the Khalmer-Yu construction village (actually, Khalmer-Yu is the Nenets word for ceme-tery).
		The nomad Nenets registered in the Khalmer-Yu village began to be regarded as part of the Vorkuta population (both villages were affiliated with the Vorkuta City Council).
	geocompendium.grid.unep.ch /reference_scheme/final_version/GEO/Geo-2-231.htm (838 words)

	Nenets, Nomads in Siberia - Documentaries - Pixie TV
		On the shores of the Kara Sea, despite the isolation and the -40°C temperatures, a few coastal communities are still hanging on on the polar Siberian coast.
		The nomadic Nenets are traditionally reindeer herders, but some clans have converted to fishing.
		With the seasons and the movements of the fishing grounds, the Nenets move their shoums - tribal tents made of reindeer skins.
	www.pixie.tv /documentaries/nenets (166 words)

	Minority languages of Russia on the Net - Nenets language (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Nenets language - one of the Samoyedic languages.
		The number of the Nenets in Russia is 34,2 thousand.
		The Nenets written language was created in 1932 on the basis of the Latin script.
	www.peoples.org.ru /eng_nenec.html (114 words)

	Nenets Autonomous Area - Encyclopedia.com
		Russians make up a majority (66%) of the population, while the Nenets have shrunk to 12% of the population.
		The Nenets, previously known as Samoyedes, speak a Finno-Ugric language and are either Orthodox Christians or animists.
		They were first mentioned in the 11th cent., and became tributaries of the grand duchy of Moscow at the end of the 15th cent.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-NenetsAu.html (655 words)

	LINGUIST List 16.1: Historical Ling/Syntax: Kortvely: 'Conjugation...'
		Nenets verb conjugations, their origins in the Uralic proto-language, and
		which surround Nenets and which are typologically very similar to it.
		Nenets literary language and are aimed to describe this variety.
	www.linguistlist.org /issues/16/16-1.html (539 words)

	GeoNative - Nenets - Selkup - Mansi - Khanty
		Nenets herria Europako ipar-ekialdeko muturrean bizi da, eta haren Asiako luzapenean, Siberiako ipar-ekialdean, Jenisei ibaiaren itsasadarrean.
		Lurralde hau bi Barruti Nazionaletan dago banatua, Nenets barrutia (hiriburua Narjan Mar) eta Jamalo-Nenets barrutia (hiriburua Salekhard).
		Administratively the territory belongs to the Khanty-Mansi (administrative centre Khanty-Mansijsk) and Yamal Nenets Autonomous Districts of the Tyumen Province; the area on the rivers Konda and Irtysh belongs to the Tomsk Province.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/9479/nenets.html (1056 words)

	Nenets Autonomous Area. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Russians make up a majority (66%) of the population, while the Nenets have shrunk to 12% of the population.
		The Nenets, previously known as Samoyedes, speak a Finno-Ugric language and are either Orthodox Christians or animists.
		They were first mentioned in the 11th cent., and became tributaries of the grand duchy of Moscow at the end of the 15th cent.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ne/NenetsAu.html (265 words)

	Yamal - Arctic Studies Center
		It was interesting to learn that they have maintained their lifeways despite all of the changes occurring with minority peoples throughout the world today.
		We had spent the morning and afternoon in an abandoned Nenets camp and as we left, Sven noticed some tents against the skyline to the west.
		She was like an encouraging audience to the narrator and is considered crucial to the Nenets folk tradition.
	www.mnh.si.edu /arctic/html/yamalcu.html (1042 words)

	Ice-Floe: Contributors by Language: Inuktitut, Italian, Karelian, Khanty, Mansi, Nanai, Nenets, Norwegian, Nynorsk, ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Leonid Lapcij (1932-1982) was born in the village of Novy Port in the Yamal Peninsula.
		Gennady Puyko, Nenets, was born in 1935 and is known primarily as a childern's poet.
		Yelena Susoj was born in 1933 in the Yamel Peninsula.
	www.icefloepress.org /countries5.shtml (4119 words)

	BarentsObserver : Arkhangelsk-Nenets relations: forced marriage between inequal partners
		Over the past ten years, people in the Nenets Okrug have got used to the idea, that the okrug was an independent region.
		The situation with the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is the exact opposite.
		The political ambitions in relation to the Nenets Okrug ended badly for the leaders of the Komi Republic and Arkhangelsk Oblast.
	www.barentsobserver.com /index.php?id=141394&forceredir=1 (1219 words)

	NENETS AND KHANTY "CHARACTER" (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The aim of the article is to explain the general or background attitudes towards the Khanty and Nenets people in the 19th century (as well as towards their world view) in ethnographic literature during the period under discussion.
		Maksimov claims (although again via his interlocutor) that the Nenets are «a totally ignorant people», basing his argument on the fact that the Nenets are not aware of their age and do not live in houses like Russians do (Maksimov 1909b: 382).
		Castrén's viewpoint to the Nenets (hereby he refers to the type of a typical native) «character» is at places remarkably adequate, as it includes also a certain hint to the question of how the 19th century researchers' and travellers' knowledge about the general characteristics of such tundra and taiga people is obtained:
	haldjas.folklore.ee /folklore/vol12/charactr.htm (4093 words)

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