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	Nennius of Britain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Nennius was a legendary leader of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth.
		He was a leader during the Roman invasion of Britain in 54 BCE.
		Nennius used Caesar's sword for the rest of the battle and killed many soldiers.
	www.encyclopedia-1.com /n/ne/nennius_of_britain.html (139 words)

	Britain
		Androgeus of Britain Androgeus was a legendary Duke of Britons.
		Britain and Ireland The islands of Europe, and the term " Britain and Ireland " is sometimes used, somewhat loosely and...
		Nennius of Britain Nennius was a legendary leader of the London near the north gate with Caesar's sword, which they call...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/britain.html (1742 words)

	Britannia: Arthurian Sources
		Nennius, a ninth century Welsh monk/historian of Bangor, is a major source for tales of King Arthur.
		Then the king assigned him that city, with all the western provinces of Britain; and departing with his wise men to the sinistral district, he arrived in the region named Gueneri, where he built a city which, according to his name, was called Cair Guorthegirn.
		Hengist having died, however, his son Octha crossed from the northern part of Britain to the kingdom of Kent and from him are descended the kings of Kent.
	www.britannia.com /history/docs/nennius.html (2110 words)

	Ancient Britons and Nennius
		The fourth was the emperor and tyrant, Carausius, who, incensed at the murder of Severus, passed into Britain, and attended by the leaders of the Roman people, severely avenged upon the chiefs and rulers of the Britons, the cause of Severus.
		He died in Britain; his sepulchre, as it appears by the inscription on his tomb, is still seen near the city named Cair segont (near Carnarvon).
		Unwilling to send back his warlike companions to their wives, children and possessions in Britain, he conferred upon them numerous districts from the lake on the summit of Mons Jovis, to the city called Cant Guic, and to the western Tumulus, that is, to Cruc Occident.
	www.webmesh.co.uk /nennius2.htm (1798 words)

	Nennius
		Nennius is accredited with the work Historia Brittonum, ‘History of the Britons’, which was completed just after 800AD.
		Nennius makes it clear that Vortigern ‘opened the door’ to the Saxons and is therefore depicted as the villain.
		There is a problem, however, with Nennius’ account in that, although he mentions Arthur, "the passage is should to be based on a lost Welsh poem in Arthur’s praise" (Lacy et al 1997: 13).
	www.geocities.com /king_artuk/Nennius.htm (401 words)

	Traveller's Guide to Arthurian Britain
		Britain was beset by Irish, Picts and Saxons.
		Britain probably had long spells of partial and even general peace, but fighting in the 490s culminated in a British success at "Mount Badon", unidentified, though almost certainly in the south.
		Arthur is the chief prince of Britain with a court assembling most of the men and women of note in Welsh tradition, as well as many mythical figures.
	www.gothicimage.co.uk /books/arthurianbritain1.html (7571 words)

	ORB -- Sub-Roman Britain: An Introduction
		To say that sub-Roman Britain was simply "Roman Britain in decay" is to overlook both its achievements (monasticism, penitentials) and the continuity with its Roman (Latin education, Mediterranean trade) and Celtic (La Tène jewelry, the bardic tradition) past.
		The situation was made worse by the withdrawal of troops from Britain by Magnus Maximus in 383, Stilicho in 402, and Constantine III in 407, all of which were the results of political and military turmoil on the Continent.
		The Ruin of Britain begins with an "historical" prologue which narrates the foreign and domestic wars plaguing Britain since the departure of the Romans, then turns into an impassioned sermon (a jeremiad in the true sense of the word) denouncing the crimes of current British rulers and the sins of the British clergy.
	www.the-orb.net /encyclop/early/origins/rom_celt/romessay.html (3626 words)

	Ruin and Conquest of Britain: Primary Sources
		Britain was devastated by an incursion of the Saxons.
		Vortigern ruled in Britain, and during his rule he was under pressure, from fear of the Picts and Irish, and of a Roman invasion, and not least, from dread of Ambrosius.
		Britain has kings, but they are despots; she has judges, but they are wicked.
	www.mythiccrossroads.com /Wiseman/DECBps.html (11481 words)

	The Avalon Project : History Of The Britons (Historia Brittonum) by Nennius Translated by J. A. Giles
		Nennius, the lowly minister and servant of the servants of God, by the grace of God, disciple of St. Elbotus,* to all the followers of truth sendeth health.
		I, Nennius, disciple of St. Elbotus, have endeavoured to write some extracts which the dulness of the British nation had cast away, because teachers had no knowledge, nor gave any information in their books about this island of Britain.
		The fourth was the emperor and tyrant, Carausius, who, incensed at the murder of Severus, passed into Britain, and attended by the leaders of the Roman people, severely avenged upon the chiefs and rulers of the Britons, the cause of Severus.* * This passage is corrupt, the meaning is briefly given in the translation.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/medieval/nenius.htm (8225 words)

	HISTORY OF BRITAIN, 407-597, by Fabio P. Barbieri
		As there evidently were no kings of Britain in the earlier legend - only seven "Roman Emperors" - the arrival of Constantine from Letavia must have been seen as the foundation, not the re-establishment, of a British kingdom, and Guithelinus, his daughter, Aldroenus, and Constantine, must have been seen as founding heroes.
		The template for N's arrival of Constantine to free Britain from the Picts is the historical coming of Ambrosius to free Britain from the Saxons; but there is nothing in Gildas’ description of the Saxon conquest to match the element of reduction to hunting-gathering.
		The sequence of events in Gildas and in Nennius 43 is exactly the same, with the addition of the wholly credible claim that the Saxons were "measured out", metati, evidently for the purpose of reckoning the annona.
	www.geocities.com /vortigernstudies/fabio/book6.6.htm (8128 words)

	Athena Review 1,2: Late Roman and Dark Age Historians of Britain
		The pretender Constantine III was declared emperor by the legions in Britain in AD 407; the rebellion seems to have been against his officials, while the appeal to Rome was sent to the legitimate emperor, Honorius (AD 393-423).
		Gildas's history is in part an attempt to demonstrate that the invasions of Britain by the Scots, Picts, and Saxons were punishment from God for faithlessness, disobedience, moral failings, and (not least) for the Britons being short-sighted enough to hire Saxon mercenaries.
		Nennius was a Welsh writer whose collection of documents called Historia Brittonum represents a mixed assortment of styles falling somewhere between chronicle, fabulous romance, and narrative history.
	www.athenapub.com /darkhist.htm (4027 words)

	The Heroic Age: The Age of Arthur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The place Gildas intended must be somewhere in the part of Britain that he knew, which certainly stretched from the Straits of Dover in south-east Britain round to Cornwall in the south-west and Gwynedd in north-west Wales but which may have extended beyond that.
		That suggests York was the most important episcopal see in Britain at the time, although that status may have been only a temporary consequence of the favour of the Emperor Constantine, who had been proclaimed emperor there eight years before.
		If Nennius was so alert to and so scrupulous about the possibility that his source might mislead his readers that he refused even to reproduce the wording that his source put in front of him, we have no grounds for thinking that he carelessly or deliberately corrupted it in more radical ways.
	www.mun.ca /mst/heroicage/issues/1/hagcl.htm (4738 words)

	Nennius, the indiscriminate chronicler
		Sadly, Nennius was not a good historian, and the result was a wild and unrestrained history, full of fanciful genealogy and romantic tales of past Celtic heroes.
		Nennius did not stoop to question the veracity of his sources, and he made no attempt to synthesize a coherent story – or even logical timeline – from them.
		By not scrupling to write of shadowy, half-mythical figures, he has become, for example, one of the earliest sources to mention King Arthur, in a passage in which he relates the twelve battles at which Arthur is claimed to have lead the British to victory over the English.
	www.brighton73.freeserve.co.uk /tomsplace/interests/medieval/nennius.htm (502 words)

	The Heroic Age: Lucius Artorius Castus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Although most scholars claim that the name "Arthur" is unattested in Britain prior to the late-sixth century, there was one notable exception: Lucius Artorius Castus, who lived and fought in Britain in the late second-century.
		Castus's campaign, like Arthur's, consolidated Britain following a period of infighting (in Castus's case, this involved the mutinee of the VI Victrix), and Castus's connection with the VI Victrix might be what prevented the legion from being disbanded after attempting to name "Priscus, a lieutenant," as emperor (Cassius Dio 73.9.2a; Cary 1932:89).
		Gildas's references to several governors ("rectores") of Britain have puzzled many scholars, some of whom have speculated that Gildas was talking about a governor for each of the five provinces in Britain with which he was familiar (Higham 1994:151).
	www.mun.ca /mst/heroicage/issues/2/ha2lac.htm (4034 words)

	Post-Roman Britain
		Both Gildas and Nennius refer to a "concilium provinciæ", at which the means for providing for the defence of Britain was frequently discussed.
		However, by the middle of the century, around 440-50 civil war and famine spread through Britain as a result of the weakness of Britains rulers and their inability to defend the country from Pictish invasions.
		In Britain and the End of the Roman Empire (2000) Ken Dark dismisses this as a myth, along with many other notions about this period that have not been supported by recent archaeology.
	www.postroman.info /postroman.htm (553 words)

	ORB: Arthur's Britain Bibliography
		DA 670.W49 T63 1987 2 THE CELTS AND CELTIC BRITAIN 2 Chadwick, Nora K. The British heroic age: the Welsh and the men of the North.
		DA 28.1.A84 1982 4 Collingwood, R.C. Roman Britain and the English Settlements.
		The history of the Kings of Britain Translated with an introduction by Lewis Thorpe.
	www.the-orb.net /bibliographies/arthur.html (2649 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Nennius's The History of the Britons
		Nennius was an Eighth century historian who is a major source for tales of King Arthur.
		Not all of Nennius can be dismissed as he apparently had access to no-longer available 5th century sources, but neither can he be entirely trusted.
		In consequence of this reply, the king sent messengers throughout Britain, in search of a child born without a father.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/nennius.html (2250 words)

	Nennius of Britain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		He was the second son of King Heli and brother of King Lud.He was a leader during the Roman invasion of Britain in 54 BCE.
		Caesar hit Nennius on the helmetbefore getting his sword wedged in Nennius's shield.
		Nennius used Caesar's sword for the rest of the battle and killed manysoldiers.
	therfcc.org /nennius-of-britain-336043.html (132 words)

	Nennius of Britain Definition / Nennius of Britain Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Nennius was a legendary leader of the BritonsThe term Briton may have the following meanings: in a historical context: an inhabitant of Great Britain in pre-Roman times a descendant of Britons during a later period (e.g.
		Britons in Roman Britain) in a modern context, a resident of the United Kingdom a person indigenous to Great Britain...
		He was a leader during the Roman invasion of Britain in 54 BCCenturies: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC - 50s BC - 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC...
	www.elresearch.com /Nennius_of_Britain (364 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Nennius: Historia Brittonum, 8th century
		From the sons of Aeneas and Lavinia descended Romulus and Remus, who were the sons of the holy queen Rhea, and the founders of Rome.
		Brutus was consul when he conquered Spain, and reduced that country to a Roman province he afterwards subdued the island of Britain, whose inhabitants were the descendants of the Romans, from Silvius Posthumus.
		Vortigern reigned in Britain when Theodosius and Valentinian were consuls, and in the fourth year of his reign the Saxons came to Britain, in the consulship of Feliz and Taurus, in the four hundredth year from the incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/basis/nennius-full.html (7378 words)

	The Historical Arthur: A Bibliography by P. J. C. Field
		Esp. "The Early English Settlements in South Britain" II, 147-99, and "The Welsh and English Boundaries after the Capture of Bath, A.D. Places Badon in A.D. 520 at Badbury Rings in Dorsetshire.
		Trelawney Dayrell Reed, The Battle for Britain in the Fifth Century: An Essay in Dark Age History.
		"Nennius the Author of the Historia Brittonum." Essays in Medieval History Presented to Thomas Frederick Tout.
	www.lib.rochester.edu /camelot/acpbibs/hisarth.htm (3409 words)

	Nennius - description of Britain and list of its 33 cities
		The island of Britain derives its name from Brutus, a Roman consul.
		Taken from the Southwest point it inclines a little towards the west, and to its northern extremity measures eight hundred miles, and is in breadth two hundred.
		These are the names of the ancient cities of the island of Britain.
	www.caerleon.net /history/arthur/nennius/page3.html (103 words)

	The Irish version of the Historia Britonum of Nennius
		But do thou, O king of Britain, go away from this fortress, for thou hast not power to erect it, and search the island of Britain and thou shalt find thine own fortress.’ The king said, ‘What is thy name, O boy,’ said he.
		It was in their time that Carausius held the sovereignty of Britain seven years, until Alectus killed him, and held the sovereignty himself for three years, until Asclipidotus killed him, and became king himself for ten years.
		Constanst, king of Britain, was the father of Constantine, son of Eiline (Helena), the concubine of Constantin.
	www.ucc.ie /celt/published/T100028/T100028.html (10500 words)

	EBK: Nennius' 28 Cities of Britain
		Nennius, the Welsh monastic author of the "History of the Britons" is well known for his list of the Twenty-Eight Towns of Sub-Roman Britain that followed his work.
		Though Nennius was writing in the 8th century, it is unlikely that he meant to imply that all these places were still inhabited by Britons at that time.
		Nennius' name may be a corruption of Caer-Granth.
	www.earlybritishkingdoms.com /articles/nenniuscities.html (3213 words)

	Dictionary of Meaning www.mauspfeil.net
		However, a number of historians still refer to the author of either the original text of the ''Historia Brittonum'', or this specific recension, as Nennius, or pseudo-Nennius.
		The other Nemnivus, or Nennius, is mentioned in a Welsh language Welsh manuscript of the ninth century.
		In response to the snide accusation of a Anglo-Saxon Saxon scholar that the Britons had no alphabet of their own, this Nemnivus is said to have invented an alphabet on the fly in order to refute this insult.
	www.mauspfeil.net /Nennius.html (420 words)

	chapter2
		The Cymry came from ancient Albania (not the modern communist state by that name) which was situated to the south of the Caucasus mountains and bordering the western coast of the Caspian Sea.
		Nennius, in his account of the arrival of the Saxon leaders Hengist and Horsa in Thanet mentions that "messengers were sent to Scythia" for reinforcements.
		Evidence taken from Saxon cemeteries in Britain shows that the Saxons were of the same long headed ethnic type as the Scythians.
	www.giveshare.org /churchhistory/fletcher/chapter2.html (10046 words)

	Nennius and Arthur's 12 Battles
		The River Glein is thought to be the River Glen, of which Britain has two today--one in Lincolnshire and one in Northumberland.
		What is clear is that everyone wants to claim Arthur as his or her own king.
		The interpretations of Nennius tend to filter into two camps: a northern campaign and a southern campaign.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/ancient_british_history/51739 (974 words)

	Encyclopedia: Nennius
		Updated 180 days 10 hours 10 minutes ago.
		Nennius and Historia Brittonum (http://www.bartleby.com/211/0503.html) commentary from The Cambridge History of English and American Literature, Volume 1, 1907–21.
		Click for other authoritative sources for this topic (summarised at Factbites.com).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Nennius (371 words)

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