
	Where results make sense

Topic: Neoadjuvant

	Clinical Trial: Neoadjuvant Treatment of Breast Cancer
		Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, also termed primary, induction, or preoperative chemotherapy, is defined as chemotherapy administered before locoregional treatment.
		The aim of neoadjuvant therapy is to reduce the tumor volume in patients before surgical resection, thus increasing the likelihood of breast conservation.
		Induction of a pCR should be one of the primary goals of neoadjuvant therapy because patients with no evidence of tumor cells in breast and lymph nodes after treatment may have a longer disease-free and overall survival.
	www.clinicaltrials.gov /ct/show/NCT00254592 (1925 words)

	Panel Recommends Neoadjuvant Therapy for Some Locally Advanced Breast Cancer
		Neoadjuvant chemotherapy refers to therapy administered prior to the surgical removal of the cancer and has been studied extensively in several types of cancer, including breast cancer.
		Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be used to shrink the cancer so that surgical removal of the cancer may be complete without a mastectomy.
		The panel came to the consensus that neoadjuvant chemotherapy is "the treatment of choice" for patients with stage III breast cancer and is "worthy of consideration" in patients with stage IIA and IIB breast cancer.
	patient.cancerconsultants.com /breast_cancer_news.aspx?id=30905 (641 words)

	OncoLink Library—Cancer Journals, Cancer Books, Cancer Poetry
		This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant or (preoperative) chemotherapy in affording breast cancer patients a recurrence prevention benefit and/or an overall survival advantage.
		Another major aim of the trial was to evaluate whether such neoadjuvant therapy could also reduce the size of the primary tumor so that there would be an increased likelihood that breast conservation treatment (with lumpectomy and definitive radiation therapy) could be performed as opposed to mastectomy.
		Neoadjuvant chemotherapy would not be indicated in cases where lumpectomy is already a viable option or the patients desires mastectomy.
	www.oncolink.upenn.edu /library/article.cfm?c=2&s=21&id=683 (586 words)

	Breast Cancer: Initial Chemo vs. Additional Chemo - National Cancer Institute
		Whether women with breast cancer received chemotherapy as initial (neoadjuvant) treatment or as additional (adjuvant) treatment after surgery made no difference to their rates of survival, disease progression, or spread of the disease to other organs, a new study finds.
		Neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer have been compared in several previous clinical trials, but these trials did not definitively show that one approach was better than the other.
		Neoadjuvant chemotherapy did not uniformly increase the number of women who were able to have breast-conserving surgery instead of a mastectomy, Davidson and Morrow add.
	www.nci.nih.gov /clinicaltrials/results/neoadjuvant-chemo0205/print?page=&keyword= (859 words)

	Neoadjuvant Hormonal Ablative Therapy Before Radical Prostatectomy: A Review. Is it Indicated?
		It is believed that neoadjuvant hormonal therapy results in increased apoptosis and reduced proliferation of carcinoma cells both of which are associated with tumor regression (4).
		Therefore, the additive cost of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy is important to consider, particularly when these patients are on treatment for at least three months and in some instances for longer periods of time.
		Though the concept of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy with the intent of reducing positive surgical margins to increase success is a sound one, available data in randomized control studies have not demonstrated any advantages when comparisons are made with patients having radical prostatectomy alone.
	www.cancer.prostate-help.org /cahtsur.htm (1378 words)

	SSAT - 2003 Abstract: Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Is Not Associated With A Higher Complication Rate Versus Surgery ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Neoadjuvant therapy consisted of a preoperative regimen of 2 courses of cisplatinum (day 1 and 28), continuous infusion of 5-FU, and radiation (5040cGy), followed by esophagectomy.
		The neoadjuvant group had 24 (33%) complete responses, 22 (30%) partial responses (where tumor size shrunk to at least 50% pre-treatment values via endoscopic ultrasound), and 27 (37%) non-responses.
		Within the neoadjuvant group, complete responders were no less likely to have a complication than were nonresponders to preoperative chemoradiation (26% vs. 22%, respectively).
	www.ssat.com /cgi-bin/abstracts/03ddw/plenary15.cgi?affiliation=1 (470 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Expense and benefit of neoadjuvant treatment in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus
		Neoadjuvant treatment (NT) of esophageal squamous cell cancer (SCCE) prior to surgery was thought to improve survival by reduction of the primary tumor lesion as well as of regional and systemic tumor spread [1,2].
		The phenomenon of response, in some instances disappearance of viable tumor cells histopathologically [15], has led to widespread application of neoadjuvant regimens without having proved by means of controlled randomized trials that this will improve long-term survival [16,17].
		Since this loss of time is combined with treatment costs exclusively for the neoadjuvant modality of around Euro 10,000, several authors question the use of NT in resection of esophageal cancer [29].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2407/1/20 (3599 words)

	Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Promising for Inoperable Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
		Four cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a promising approach for treating patients with inoperable advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), according to follow-up data from a 10-year randomized trial published in the Nov. 17 issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
		In this multicenter trial, 237 patients with nonmetastatic stage III or IV HNSCC were randomized to receive four cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by locoregional treatment (group A) or locoregional treatment alone (group B).
		"Four cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a promising approach for treating patients with inoperable advanced head and neck cancer but not for treating patients with operable disease," the authors write.
	www.oralcancerfoundation.org /news/story.asp?newsId=477 (587 words)

	International Seminars in Surgical Oncology \| Full text \| Prognostic significance of pathological response after ...
		Neoadjuvant studies in several tumor types have underscored the prognostic significance of pathological response for survival; however there is a paucity of studies in cervical cancer investigating this issue.
		In addition, in the neoadjuvant cisplatin gemcitabine no postoperative radiation was used regardless of the pathological response, whereas in the oxaliplatin gemcitabine adjuvant chemoradiation was used in all cases with a pathological response less than complete; and in the carboplatin paclitaxel, only in those cases with partial response (no chemoradiation in complete or near-complete response).
		In this sense, we have reported in a comparison of two consecutive phase II trials similar survival of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin gemcitabine followed by surgery in which complete pathological response was 26% versus chemoradiation with cisplatin in locally advanced cervical carcinomas [27], but better survival with that neoadjuvant treatment than radiation alone [28].
	www.issoonline.com /content/3/1/3 (4150 words)

	Neoadjvuant treatment shows stage II breast cancer potential
		Following the success of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for stage III breast cancer, a team of US researchers believes this strategy may also be feasible for the treatment of patients with stage II disease.
		Following-up the patients for a median of 60 months, the researchers found that 96.1% of patients responded to the neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 29.2% of whom achieved a complete pathologic response or had only microscopic foci of disease remaining.
		"Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be effectively applied to patients with stage II disease, and breast conservation becomes feasible in the majority of patients," the researchers write.
	www.breastcancersource.com /breastcancersourcehcp/6096_17453___.aspx (252 words)

	WCLC: Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Increases Resection Rate and Improves Long-Term Survival in Stage III Non-Small Cell ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Neoadjuvant chemotherapy resulted in downstaging of tumor grade in 42% of patients, and induced a complete response in 15% of patients.
		The rate of resection was 94% in the neoadjuvant group and 92% in the surgery alone group.
		At 3 years, survival was 67% in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy arm and 51% in the surgical controls.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/238CDA.htm (410 words)

	U-M CCC: Urologic Oncology - Prostate Cancer Information
		Neoadjuvant therapy refers to treatment used in addition and prior to the start of surgery or radation.
		Neoadjuvant hormone therapy can be used to improve the effectiveness of radiation therapy for aggressive prostate cancers (Gleason score greater or equal to 7; or high PSA).
		A survival benefit for using neoadjuvant hormones in addition to radiation was shown in a large clinical trial.
	www.cancer.med.umich.edu /prostcan/prohormtreat.htm (376 words)

	Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Improves Survival for Bladder Cancer
		Chemotherapy prior to surgery (neoadjuvant) may improve survival for patients with bladder cancer, according to results presented at the 37th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.
		Neoadjuvant therapy consisted of methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (MVAC).
		Although some previous clinical trials have not demonstrated a benefit of neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced bladder cancer, results from this particular trial indicate that neoadjuvant therapy consisting of MVAC improves survival for patients with bladder cancer compared with cystectomy alone.
	patient.cancerconsultants.com /bladder_cancer_news.aspx?id=17012 (576 words)

	ASCO-GI: Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation Improves Esophageal Cancer Survival - CME Teaching Brief® - MedPage Today
		The median overall survival for the neoadjuvant arm was 4.5 years and 1.8 for the surgery-only arm (p=0.005).
		Neoadjuvant chemoradiation was reasonably well tolerated in the trial, with 54% of patients having grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity and 40% grade 3 or 4 esophagitis or dysphagia during preoperative therapy.
		Neoadjuvant chemoradiation improves that rate by 5% to 10% and should therefore be considered for the treatment of nearly all patients, except those with very early tumors that can be readily cured with surgery alone, concluded Dr. Minsky.
	www.medpagetoday.com /HematologyOncology/OtherCancers/tb1/2567 (684 words)

	Neoadjuvant Arimidex® Allows more Breast-Conserving Therapy than Tamoxifen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Chemotherapy is often used as treatment for neoadjuvant therapy; however, researchers are evaluating hormone therapy as neoadjuvant therapy as it is associated with fewer side effects than chemotherapy.
		The researchers concluded that neoadjuvant therapy with Arimidex® appears superior to neoadjuvant therapy with tamoxifen or a combination of the 2 agents in that it approximately doubles the rate of patients with ER-positive breast cancer who are initially ineligible for BCT to become eligible candidates for the procedure.
		Postmenopausal patients with ER-positive breast cancer who are considering neoadjuvant therapy with a hormonal agent may wish to speak with their physician about the risks and benefits of treatment with an aromatase agent or the participation in a clinical trial further evaluating this type of therapeutic approach.
	www.cancerconsultants.com /syndication/veContent.jsp?ArticleID=breast_dec03_2&clinicid=26&ArticleTypeID=NEWS (605 words)

	i. Neoadjuvant Hormone Therapy - Prostate Cancer Foundation
		In women with breast cancer, the purpose of neoadjuvant therapy (neo, meaning before; adjuvant, meaning as an adjunct to) is to shrink the tumor so that a breast conserving surgery, or lumpectomy, can be performed.
		Results from clinical trials that have looked at the benefits of neoadjuvant hormone therapy in men undergoing primary radiation therapy have shown improved outcomes with its use, but there doesn’t seem to be much benefit for men undergoing prostatectomy.
		The boost that neoadjuvant hormone therapy gives to the success of radiation therapy has resulted in the approach becoming the standard of care in many institutions for men with high-grade cancers and/or those with larger, bulkier tumors.
	www.prostatecancerfoundation.org /site/c.itIWK2OSG/b.1335457/k.40EC/i_Neoadjuvant_Hormone_Therapy.htm (286 words)

	Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy Effective for Localized Rectal Cancer
		The response rate after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 28% and none of the patient’s cancer progressed.
		After completion of neoadjuvant radiation therapy, the overall clinical response rate was 80% with 6 complete responses and only one patient had an inoperable cancer.
		These authors concluded that “Neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy as a prelude to synchronous chemoradiation can be administered with negligible risk of disease progression and produces considerable symptomatic response with associated tumor regression”.
	professional.cancerconsultants.com /oncology_rectal_cancer_news.aspx?id=29793 (433 words)

	Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced cervix cancer
		It may be valuable to compare it to a combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy approach or even to use neoadjuvant chemotherapy together with combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
		The impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer remains uncertain.
		The timing and dose intensity of cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy appears to have an important impact on whether or not it benefits women with locally advanced cervical cancer and warrants further exploration.
	www.cochrane.org /reviews/en/ab001774.html (888 words)

	SSAT - 2005 Abstracts: Neoadjuvant Chemoirradiation Compared with Definitive Chemoirradiation As a Curative Therapy for ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The median follow up in the neoadjuvant group was 77 months (66 to 89) while that of the definitive chemoradiotherapy group was 41 months (23 to 68).
		For the neoadjuvant group, after esophagectomy a complete pathological response was detected in 7 patients (30%).
		There was no difference between the 2 groups in 3-year (48% in neoadjuvant vs 52%in definitive, log rank test p=0.22) and 5-year survival (35% vs 37%, p=0.43) (Fig 1).
	www.ssat.com /cgi-bin/abstracts/05ddw/SSAT_DDW05_122.cgi?affiliation=1 (435 words)

	Chemotherapy - Adjuvant Therapy, Neoadjuvant, Consolidation, Palliative Chemo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Terms such as "adjuvant," "neoadjuvant," "consolidation," and "palliative" often add to the confusion surrounding chemotherapy if not properly defined and explained.
		Neoadjuvant chemotherapy - Chemotherapy given prior to the surgical procedure.
		Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be given to attempt to shrink the cancer so that the surgical procedure may not need to be as extensive.
	www.chemocare.com /whatis/important_chemotherapy_terms.asp (363 words)

	Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy In Stage III Breast Cancer
		Downstaging of the neoadjuvant group was evaluated by comparing the initial clinical stage at presentation with the final pathologic stage after the definitive surgery.
		In evaluation of neoadjuvant therapy versus conventional postoperative chemotherapy, local failure rate was not significantly different between both groups; three patients (9%) in the neoadjuvant group experienced local recurrence, and four (8%) patients of the adjuvant therapy group experienced local recurrence.
		The logical progression of the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in LABC is to increase the rate of breast conservation therapy (BCT) and achieve equivalent overall survival.
	www.cancercompass.com /cancer-news/1,9407,00.htm?rss=y (2268 words)

	Breast Cancer Care
		This meta-analysis of neoadjuvant versus adjuvant systemic therapy for breast cancer is an important contribution to the literature.
		Several advantages of neoadjuvant chemotherapy have been reported: (1) the tumor usually shrinks and, in some cases, may disappear, resulting in what physicians call a “complete pathologic response”: (2) by shrinking the tumor, neoadjuvant therapy may enable some patients to have breast-conserving surgery rather than mastectomy (Refs.
		Neoadjuvant versus adjuvant systemic therapy with respect to the primary outcomes of loco-regional disease recurrence, distant disease recurrence, and overall survival.
	www.breastcancercare.org /index.php?module=announce&ANN_user_op=view&ANN_id=99 (1001 words)

	Study Shows That Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy May Reduce The Need for Radical Breast Cancer Surgery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a treatment commonly given to patients before surgery to prevent metastases or spread of the disease beyond the primary tumor to be removed.
		Kuerer cautioned that a pCR to neoadjuvant chemotherapy does not completely eliminate a woman's risk of cancer recurrence.
		"The advantage of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is that we can not only shrink the tumor and allow for less radical surgical procedures, but we can also determine within three to four months whether or not a patient responded to the chemotherapy that was given," said Dr. Kuerer.
	www3.mdanderson.org /news/archives/neoad990129.htm (631 words)

	Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Therapy in Breast Cancer-Where are we going? SABCS 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer significantly enhanced response with docetaxel.
		Neoadjuvant docetaxel (Taxotere®, DOC) followed by epirubicin (Ellence®, EPI) in stage IIB, IIIA,B breast cancer: mitogen-activatged protein kinase (MARPK) and c-Jun-N-terminal (JNK) stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) pathways are activated after DOC treatment.
		Neoadjuvant treatment of women with breast cancer utilizing docetaxel and vinorelbine with growth factor support.
	www.411cancer.com /syndication/veContent.jsp?ArticleID=sabcs_adjneo_02&ArticleTypeID=CONF&lid=1 (2813 words)

	ACS :: Bladder Cancer Survival Inches Up With Chemotherapy
		For the current study, researchers combined the results of 10 different clinical trials in which patients were randomized to get either neoadjuvant chemotherapy or just the standard therapy (surgery, radiation, or both) alone.
		During this time, the five-year survival rate for those receiving combination (more than one drug) neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 5% better than for patients who did not get neoadjuvant chemotherapy (50% vs. 45%).
		Neoadjuvant chemotherapy patients also had a longer average time until the cancer came back and a longer time until metastasis was noted.
	www.cancer.org /docroot/NWS/content/NWS_1_1x_Bladder_Cancer_Survival_Inches_Up_With_Chemotherapy.asp (645 words)

	Long-Term Effects of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer
		The addition of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to concurrent chemoradiation may be a promising approach for treating patients with inoperable advanced head and neck cancer, according the authors of a 10-year follow-up of a randomized trial.
		In 1986, a randomized phase III trial began in which 237 patients with nonmetastatic stage III or IV head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were treated with either four cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by locoregional treatment (surgery and radiotherapy or radiotherapy alone) or locoregional treatment alone.
		However, among patients who did not receive surgery because their tumors were inoperable, those who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy had a higher rate of survival than patients who did not receive chemotherapy.
	www.oralcancerfoundation.org /news/story.asp?newsId=436 (225 words)

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