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Topic: Neofunctionalism

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	Neofunctionalism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Neofunctionalism argues that the supranational institutions of the European Union themselves have been a driving force behind European integration; reinterpreting agreed results from Intergovernmental Conferences in order to expand the mandate of EU legislation into new and more diverse areas.
		The theory of neofunctionalism is felt by some to be important as it may explain much of the thinking behind the early proponents of the European Union, such as Jean Monnet, who saw increased European integration as the most important precursor to a peaceful Europe.
		Neofunctionalism assumes a decline in importance of nationalism and the nation-state; it sees the executive power and interest groups within states to be pursuing a welfarist objective which is best satisfied by integration of EU states.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Neofunctionalism (754 words)

	Neofunctionalism: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Neofunctionalism nonetheless remains an important theory in the study of international relations (international relations: international relations (ir) is an academic and public policy field, a branch...
		Neofunctionalism is often contrasted with intergovernmentalism (intergovernmentalism: intergovernmentalism is a method of decision-making in international organizations, where...
		Neofunctionalism assumes a decline in importance of nationalism (nationalism: The doctrine that your national culture and interests are superior to any other) and the nation-state (nation-state: the term nation-state, while often used interchangeably with the terms unitary state...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/neofunctionalism (728 words)

	Neofunctionalism (sociology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Neofunctionalism is the philosophy that all integration is the result of past integration.
		Neofunctionalism was developed by Ernst Haas in the 1960's to give a formal explanation to the work of Jean Monnet (1888 – 1979).
		In sociology, neofunctionalism represents a revival of Parsonian Thinking by Jeffrey C. Alexander, who sees neofunctionalism as having 5 central tendencies:
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Neofunctionalism_(sociology) (517 words)

	[No title]
		Neofunctionalism is the most sophisticated and complex of the classic integration theories.66 It is in many ways the most interesting of the integration theories.
		The development of the sector-functionalistic approach to regional integration which we find in neofunctionalism was in some ways a result of the failure of the federalist strategy of creating a supranational Europen integration in the early 1950's and a "compromize" which kept the federal goal, but chose a functionalistic strategy.
		The early phases of *neofunctionalism* is the somewhat more sophisticated hypothesis that we are dealing with a system with many different feedback-loops and spill-over mechanisms which to a great extent can be manipulated from the center.
	www.df.lth.se /~cml/classic-integration.txt (5982 words)

	NEOFUNCTIONALISM AND FAMILY
		Neofunctionalism Plus consists of recent updates by Alexander (1998) and adds concepts and propositions from other sociological theories, not, as yet, part of neofunctionalism, relevant to the family.
		A central goal of the second phase of neofunctionalism appears to be the continuity of a reconstruction of the Parsonian legacy and to construct a new theory that focus more on social action that is informed by symbolic interactionism, exchange theory and ethnomethodology (Alexander and Colomy, 1990).
		The goals of neofunctionalism are to move to a general discourse, to interpret the classics, to increase the scope of research programs, to relate it to other theoretical discourses, and to provide a framework for research projects.
	www2.mtroyal.ab.ca /~dswenson/neofunc2.htm (8977 words)

	"Stuck in the middle with (E)U: A look at the European Union in 2002
		Through the vying of the opposing integration theories of neofunctionalism and intergovernmentalism it has never been inevitable that it remain a hybrid.
		However, with the results of Treaty adjustments and additions during the 1980s and 90s, most notably being the implementation of Economic and Monetary Union, (and several states securing opt-outs from it) the shape of the EU is most definitely hybrid and `multi-speeded, (Michelmann, 2001) in nature, and will most likely remain so into the future.
		One of the main theories on the process of integration (neofunctionalism) supposed that as co- operation and the pooling of resources was established in some areas (like coal and steel), it would become logical to do the same with adjoining industry; the 'spillover' effect (Øhrgaard, 1997).
	www.sunnybreaks.org /werx/essays/euessay.html (2255 words)

	AcademicDB - How useful are 'integration theories' for our understanding of the origins and evolution of European ...
		This fact is a clear proof, according to Tranholm-Mikkelsen, against Hoffman's belief that neofunctionalism is not 'obsolete' after all.
		This constant reappearance of Neofunctionalism, reveals the difficulty of describing the integration process with the sole reference to just a single theory.
		Neofunctionalism made its way back into the 1990s dynamically mainly due to the Treaty of the European Union, signed in Maastricht, December 1991.
	www.academicdb.com /useful_are_integration_theories_for_our_understan_9610 (534 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		While distancing neofunctionalism both from the hermeneutical tradition (and other extreme, “post-positions”) and from ”hard” rational choice models, he is keen to emphasise that neofunctionalism belongs to the ”soft rational choice” version of constructivism.
		Neofunctionalism is Euro-centric in the sense that its main designers in the first place attempted to understand processes of European integration but then, subsequently, entered investigations of whether similar processes could emerge elsewhere, for instance in East Africa.
		However, in neofunctionalism this conception is combined with strongly emphasised notions of utilitarian-individualistic modes of behaviour and an ontology of reason.
	www.rami.ru /vestnik/03/report/jorgensen (8979 words)

	Insight Fall 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This emphasis connects neofunctionalism with other pluralist models which posit that governments' actions are a function of interest group pressures.
		Neofunctionalism is particularly concerned with the transnationality of interest groups (the fact that the particular groups tend to form alliances with similar groups across national borders-see note 6), because in their view, this leads the groups to exert pressures in favor of supranational action.
		According to some varieties of neofunctionalism, this action will lead the citizens of the various European countries to gradually transfer their political loyalties from their national governments to the supranational government of the EU.
	saugus.byu.edu /publications/insight/Data/Iss3/emu.htm (6830 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Neofunctionalism was built around the proposition that an international society of states can acquire the procedural characteristics of a domestic political system (Rosamond, 2000: 56) through a number of "political" and "technical" spill-overs.
		Already Lindberg noted that groups "may change their political organization and tactics in order to gain access to, and influence, such new central decision-making centres as may be developing" (Lindberg, 1963: 9) as a result of European integration.
		Later on it was noted that neofunctionalism failed to acknowledge the importance of external factors for European integration (Hansen, 1969), and that it failed to identify the dependent variable of functional economic integration (Haas, 1971).
	aei.pitt.edu /archive/00002986/01/CAP-teori-_ENDL.UDG_-_tilpasset_PC.txt (8502 words)

	POLI 327
		Neofunctionalism seemed to contain too much uncertainty regarding spillovers (which aren't necessarily a bad thing), but people seemed to never know for sure what was happening, and their actions had unintended consequences.
		• Neofunctionalism can't be the better of the two because it deals with unintended consequences and spillover effects which was not what the European leaders intended at all.
		• Neofunctionalism fails to account for individual deviances from the overall theory, where as realism allows for more fluidity and differences can be explained case by case on the basis of state self-interest.
	faculty.arts.ubc.ca /tiberg/ClassVote.htm (2764 words)

	Notes on 'Europe Before the Court: A Political Theory of Legal Integration' by Burley, Anne-marie, and Mattli, Walter, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Neofunctionalism: “how and why nation-states cease to be wholly sovereign, how and why they voluntarily mingle, merge and mix with their neighbours so as to lose the factual attributes of sovereignty while acquiring new techniques for resolving conflicts between themselves”
		The actors in neofunctionalism are supra- and sub-national players, who communicate with each other and forge working alliances.
		Governments do have ultimate political power, but “given their heterogeneity of interests… unilateral evasion or recalcitrance may prove unprofitable… so governments may choose to or feel constrained to yield to the pressures of converging supra and sub-national interests”.
	users.ox.ac.uk /~sann2300/050127-integration-functionalism-burleymattli.shtml (826 words)

	Neofuctionalism and After -- Jeffrey C. Alexander
		Neofunctionalism has been described as one of only a small handful of new theoretical movements that have emerged over the last decade in sociology.
		For this reason, the emergence of neofunctionalism in the l980s can be seen as part of the new wave of synthetic theorizing that displaced earlier mappings of sociology as revolving around issues of conflict versus order, structure versus agency, exchange versus normativity.
		The first, "From Functionalism to Neofunctionalism: Creating a Position in the Field of Social Theory," is an autobiographical reconstruction of the origins of this movement.
	www.frontlist.com /detail/1557866309 (347 words)

	Modern Sociological Theory \| Chapter Summary
		Functionalism and neofunctionalism can both be thought of as consensus theories, focusing on the relationships between such things as shared norms and values and the creation of social order.
		Neofunctionalism was an attempt by theorists such as Jeffrey Alexander, among others, to revive the stronger tenets of structural functionalism.
		Neofunctionalism attempted to synthesize portions of structural functionalism with other theories.
	highered.mcgraw-hill.com /sites/0072825782/student_view0/chapter3/chapter_summary.html (1653 words)

	Empty Musings of a Jet Setter: Essays (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Neofunctionalism begins as a theoretical response to the developments of the European experiment in the 1950s[3] and draws its inspiration from Jean Monnet’s policies in
		Contrary to neofunctionalism, the intergovernmentalist school argues that high politics will remain outside of the integration process, because international politics is essentially state-centric.
		Neofunctionalism has underestimated the strength of nationalism (both in the expression of national interests and fierce protection of sovereign decisions).
	www.20six.co.uk /weblogCategory/1r6uve5sxi5yq?c=1.2005 (6033 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This leaves us, finally, with structuration theory and neofunctionalism, which alone among the perspectives listed in the exam question may be considered contenders for the same space occupied by Marxism.
		In the introduction to his recent anthology of neofunctionalist work, Colomy (1990: xxx) argues that in the time since Alexander officially coined the term "neofunctionalism," the perspective has become "more than a promise; it has become a field of intense theoretical discourse and growing empirical investigation." That may be.
		If we examine the neofunctionalist anthologies edited by Alexander (1985) and Colomy (1990a), we can see that while neofunctionalism has definitely moved into broader areas of concern than traditional functionalism, its attention to the phenomena that here concern us is spotty or tangential at best.
	eserver.org /govt/theoretical-marxism.txt (6580 words)

	Ross Mayfield's Weblog
		I believe we are on a path towards Emergent Pluralism for no other reason than the tools are being developed.
		One theory of political integration, a study of how groups converge and new organizational forms emerge, is neofunctionalism.
		Neofunctionalism can be used to describe the political unification of Europe.
	radio.weblogs.com /0114726/2003/02/26.html (1131 words)

	Neofunctionalism and Prospects for Mathematical Modelling for Sociological Typology
		Neofunctionalism and Prospects for Mathematical Modelling for Sociological Typology
		Neofunctionalism as a theory, can be improved by considering the environment in which social change takes place to be nonlinear; while number theory offers several reasons why value judgements are possible.
		For a given social computation, the continued fraction form is composed of a number of finite and infinite partial quotients that can be used to model: social action issues like: multilevel interdependence, state political demand, consensus formation and regional cooperation.
	www.swin.edu.au /chem/bio/papers/iciam9269.htm (248 words)

	The Role of Individual Litigants and National Courts
		Neofunctionalism seems to be a tale tailored for success, an account of how different actors can overcome obstacles to achieve a common goal.
		It is less a theory of when integration will and will not happen than a description of the process of how it does.
		It will move away from contending paradigms such as realism and neofunctionalism and toward the development of mid-range hypotheses that are both theoretically sophisticated and empirically informed.
	www.jeanmonnetprogram.org /papers/96/9606ind.html (10614 words)

	We know about International organizations neofunctionalism Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		the expectations of functionalism and neofunctionalism, integration and cooperation are actually...
		What is Neofunctionalism' and why is it associated with regional organizations...
		Neofunctionalism as a theory of regional integration Summarize the traditional goals and activities of international organizations.
	www.1worldtradeorganization7.info /international-tourist-organization/international-organizations--neofunctionalism.html (1108 words)

	Neofunctionalism and After:1557866295:Alexander, Jeffrey C.; Alexander, Jeffrey C. :eCampus.com
		Neofunctionalism is one of only a small handful of new theoretical movements that have emerged over the last decade in sociology.
		Developing simultaneously in Germany and the United States, it has involved at once a sharply revived interest in the mode of theorizing associated with Talcott Parsons and a self-conscious distancing from the particular manner in which Parsons himself practiced it.
		This groundbreaking work became the focal point for a small but influential group of American sociologists working self-consciously in a "neo-functionalist" tradition, as well as playing an influential role in emerging new strands of German sociological theory.
	www.ecampus.com /bk_detail.asp?ISBN=1557866295 (177 words)

	information for practice articles:
		The uniting of Europe and the foundation of EU studies: Revisiting the neofunctionalism of Ernst B. Haas
		Ernst B. Haas and the legacy of neofunctionalism
		Neofunctionalism, European identity, and the puzzles of European integration
	www.nyu.edu /socialwork/ip/archives/2005/05/journal_of_euro_2.html (153 words)

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