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Topic: Nepetalactone

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	Nepetalactone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nepetalactone is a lactone chemical compound first isolated in the plant catnip, Nepeta cataria (apparently named after the Italian town of Nepete).
		Nepetalactone's structure is two rings – a cyclopentane and a cyclic ester, making a terpenoid.
		The structure and the effect of the compound is similar to valepotriates.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nepetalactone (182 words)

	Nepetalactone
		Nepetalactone is a lactone[?] chemical compund[?] first isolated in the plant catnip, Nepeta cataria (apparently named after the Italian town of Nepete[?]).
		Nepetalactone's structure is two rings - a cyclopentane[?] and a cyclic ester[?], making a terpenoid.
		Nepetalactone also has an effect on some insects, repelling the cockroach and mosquito, poisonous to some common flies, but a sex pheremone to aphids.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ne/Nepetalactone.html (145 words)

	Nepetalactone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Nepetalactone is one of the major components (~ 40%) of the essential oils from Catnip, Nepeta cataria (photo above), a member of the mint family Labiatae.
		Nepetalactone has also been shown to be an active repellent for cockroaches, and recent tests on yellow fever mosquitoes showed that it was a more effective repellent than DEET (N,N diethyl-m-toluamide), the most popular synthetic insect repellent.
		Nepetalactone has also been found as a pheromone component in some aphids such as Megoura viciae, Schizaphis gramium and Aphis fabae.
	www.chm.bris.ac.uk /motm/ethylacetate/catnip.htm (188 words)

	Catnip
		Nepetalactone Chemistry Catnip's Cool Cycloalkane From Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. Catnip, Nepeta cataria, is a member of the mint or Labiatae family.
		Nepetalactone is a terpene composed of two isoprene units, with a total of ten carbons.
		Nepetalactone must be inhaled for it to reach the receptors in the vomeronasal organ.
	www3.telus.net /greenacre/articles/art1catnip.htm (566 words)

	C&EN: WHAT'S THAT STUFF? CATNIP
		In fact, the key to catnip-induced friskiness is a compound called nepetalactone, says Carolyn M. McDaniel, a veterinarian at the Feline Health Center at Cornell University.
		Nepetalactone is one of several related compounds known to initiate the classic catnip response sequence: sniffing, licking, and chewing, followed by head shaking, body and head rubbing, and then repeated head-over-heels rolling.
		A crude extract of nepetalactone is easily obtained by boiling or steam-treating catnip, collecting the steam, and extracting the oily component with hexanes.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/whatstuff/83/8331catnip.html (927 words)

	Nepetalactone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Nepetalactone is an aromatic oil found in the stem and leaves of the plant.
		The active compound in catnip is nepetalactone and resembles a hallucinogen.
		Nepetalactone is one of several compounds known to set off the characteristic set of behaviors...
	skinsosoftlotion.fastlotion.com /nepetalactone (816 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		nepetalactone, and neptalactone-derived compounds whereby nepetalactone is a precursor, intermediate or reagent in forming said nepetalactone-derived compounds.
		Preferably, a trench is dug around and near the structure, the nepetalactone in the carrier mixture is uniformly dispersed to attain an effective repellant concentration along the structure perimeter, and soil is replaced over the nepetalactone carrier mixture to cover it.
		nepetalactone to be toxic over a period of time, but is not repellant at the level provided in the bait, or attractants in the bait outweigh and mask the repellancy of the nepetalactone compound (s) in the bait).
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=03/86069.031023&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (7498 words)

	ISU News: Catnip Drives Cats Wild, But Drives Mosquitoes Away (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Chris Peterson and Joel Coats studied the effect of nepetalactone on mosquitoes.
		Nepetalactone is an essential oil in catnip that gives the plant its odor.
		After 10 minutes, an average of 80 percent of the mosquitoes had moved to the untreated side of the tube.
	www.ag.iastate.edu /aginfo/news/2001releases/catnip.html (505 words)

	New Scientist Back Page - Just a nip (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In several carnivores, nepetalactone molecules seem to fit vomeronasal receptors for sex pheromones and induce orgasmic behaviour, complete with a period of resolution.
		Nepetalactone is important to humans as an insect repellent, insecticide and microbial inhibitor.
		Nepetalactone closely resembles a chemical found in the urine of female cats.
	www.newscientist.com /backpage.ns?id=mg18825192.900 (385 words)

	Oil of Catnip The Essential Oil Company
		Nepetalactone, which gives catnip its odor, was found to be 10 times more effective than the popular insect repellent diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET).
		Nepetalactone also repelled a common type of cockroach and so might hold potential for the home pesticide market.
		An herbal plant in the mint family that is grown commercially as well as in the wild, catnip's stimulating effect on cats is unexplained.
	www.essentialoil.com /catnip.html (246 words)

	What Herbs REALLY Do Inside Your Body: Can Cats Overdose on Catnip? Can we? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The receptor for catnip’s nepetalactone is located in a cat’s nose, which explains why cats need only smell the plant to become engrossed.
		Nepetalactone resembles a molecule found in male cat urine, a pheremone.
		We have yet to learn whether or not nepetalactone is a sedative, and this would provide a whole new meaning to the term “cat nap”.
	drholly.typepad.com /dr_holly_phaneuf/2004/01/can_cats_overdo.html (1216 words)

	Felidae World - Catnip and Grasses for Cats
		The active ingredient in catnip is nepetalactone which induces a psychosexual response in both male and female cats.
		Chris Peterson and Joel Coats of Iowa State University tested nepetalactone, the active ingredient in catnip, it repelled roaches at doses only 1 percent as high at the widely used repellent called DEET.
		Nepetalactone has also been tested on flies which it killed in its rarer more potent form.
	felidaeworld.com /grassnip.html (1224 words)

	Herbal Bug Repellant - Catnip (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		CHICAGO, August 27, 2001 — Researchers report that nepetalactone, the essential oil in catnip that gives the plant its characteristic odor, is about ten times more effective at repelling mosquitoes than DEET — the compound used in most commercial insect repellents.
		Peterson says nepetalactone is about 10 times more effective than DEET because it takes about one-tenth as much nepetalactone as DEET to have the same effect.
		If subsequent testing shows nepetalactone is safe for people, Peterson thinks it would not be too difficult to commercialize it as an insect repellent.
	www.botanicalworks.com /catnip.htm (825 words)

	Grass Jelly & Catnip
		The chemical in catnip responsible for the unusual and comical behavior of cats is nepetalactone, a methylcyclopentane monoterpene.
		Nepetalactone occurs naturally in cis-trans and trans-cis isomers.
		According to the Merck Index (1983), the cis-trans isomer comprises 70-99 percent of the nepetalactone in catnip plants.
	waynesword.palomar.edu /ecoph37.htm (1352 words)

	AROMATHERAPY SUPPLIES essential oil aromatherapy bottles
		The numbering system for nepetalactones was used since the exact structures of all isomers have not yet been firmly identified.
		Total nepetalactone of this lot was over 81% and previous lots have measured as high as 90%.
		In the low-dose test (0.1 percent) with nepetalactone, an average of 25 percent — five mosquitoes —; stayed on the treated side.
	www.aromathyme.com /catnip.html (1007 words)

	PetPlace.com - Article: Catnip...and How it Affects Your Cat's Behavior (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Nepetalactone is not attractive to all cats; only about 30 to 70 percent of cats are actually attracted to it.
		Recent evidence is that nepetalactone, whose molecule has an opioid (opium-like)-shape, does indeed have an opium-like action.
		If he or she actually absorbs nepetalactone, the opioid-receptors, pleasure centers, and “go” systems of the brain will be activated and the cat will roll around in ecstasy.
	www.petplace.com /articles/artPrinterFriendly.asp?conID=21846 (757 words)

	Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The structure and stereochemistry of isomeric nepetalactones and related methylcyclopentane monoterpenoids were the subject of a recent investigation (6), and the newly established stereochemistry has been represented where possible.
		This was in contrast to nepetalactones, the major organic components of the steam distillate, which contributed about 1-2 mg/g fresh weight.
		Since the molecular weight is 166, the same as for nepetalactones, the additional double bond in the cyclopentane ring must mean a loss of unsaturation elsewhere.
	digital.library.okstate.edu /OAS/oas_htm_files/v64/p49_56nf.html (3150 words)

	ISU News: Catnip Captures Attention as a Mosquito Repellent (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Nepetalactone, the primary active ingredient in catnip oil, was recently patented by ISU.
		Gretchen Schultz, an Iowa State entomology graduate student, is now working with Coats to test nepetalactone's effectiveness against the mosquito species that carries West Nile Virus.
		The researchers also are conducting tests to compare the repellency of catnip oil to DEET (diethyl-meta-toluamide), the compound used in many commercial repellents.
	www.ag.iastate.edu /aginfo/news/catnip.html (363 words)

	Science News: Roaches don't go crazy over catnip.(research in... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The researchers gave insects a choice of walking on either a piece of paper treated with nepetalactone or untreated paper.
		For driving away roaches, one form of the compound was 100 times as effective as deet, an ingredient found in commercial insect repellents.
		Removing roaches' antennas rendered them indifferent to nepetalactone, revealing that receptors on those structures, rather than on their feet or mouthparts, respond to the compound.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:55982959&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (288 words)

	Chapitre III Identification of the sex pheromone in the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (Homoptera: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The same levels of response was observed to 3:1 to 5:1 synthetic blends of nepetalactol: nepetalactone, but the time taken to reach the source was significantly longer than to virgin females.
		Six ratios of the two compounds were tested: 1:0, 0:1, 1:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1 together with the ether solvent as a control, using a randomised block design with 3 replicates of 15 males.
		A series of water traps were baited with 1:0, 0:1, 1:1, and 5:1 nepetalactol: nepetalactone lures, with release rates for both components at 80-85 µg/h.
	www.theses.ulaval.ca /2003/21010/ch03.html (4444 words)

	Forest Insect and Disease Newsletter: January 9, 2002: Minnesota DNR
		The finding was reported at the 222nd national meeting of the American Chemical Society in Chicago.
		Chris Peterson, US Forest Service, and Joel Coats, Iowa State University, studied the effect of nepetalactone on mosquitoes.
		No animal or human tests are scheduled for nepetalactone, although Peterson is hopeful that will take place in the filture.
	www.dnr.state.mn.us /fid/january02/section3.html (484 words)

	Catnip - Everything You Need to Know About Catnip!
		The active ingredient which causes this is an essential oil called nepetalactone, which can be found in the leaves and stem of the plant.
		Interestingly, researchers say that nepetalactone is about ten times more effective at repelling mosquitos than DEET, which is the active ingredient in most insect repellents.
		It was also discovered that catnip repels cockroaches too!* Plants aren't alone in containing nepetalactone, some insects and ants also contain it.
	www.cat-world.com.au /Catnip.htm (1034 words)

	Uncovering preventive anti-malarial drugs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Nepetalactone doesn't appear to have the corrosive qualities of DEET, the most effective repellent now available, which in high concentrations can eat through some synthetic materials.
		The researchers aren't sure just what it is about nepetalactone that repels mosquitoes and are continuing to study that question.
		Meanwhile, Iowa State has filed a patent on nepetalactone and is in talks with companies about licensing it for use in insect repellents, Coats said.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/chronicle/archive/2003/08/17/TR81341.DTL&type=health (691 words)

	Catnip Repels Mosquitoes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Last September, entomologist Chris Peterson, Ph.D., with Joel Coats, Ph.D., chair of Iowa State University’s Entomology Department, released their research findings that nepetalactone, the essential oil in catnip that gives the plant its characteristic odor, is about ten times more effective at repelling mosquitoes than DEET — the compound used in most commercial insect repellents.
		Peterson put groups of 20 mosquitoes in a two-foot glass tube, half of which was treated with a 1.0 percent dose of nepetalactone.
		Extracting nepetalactone oil from catnip is fairly easy, he says.
	www.loghouseplants.com /catnip_repels_mosquitoes.htm (568 words)

	Health and Herbs Catnip Essential Oil (Nepeta cataria) 2 fl oz: HH from Shamanshop.net - Aromatherapy - Essential Oils
		CHICAGO, August 27, 2001 Researchers report that nepetalactone, the essential oil in catnip that gives the plant its characteristic odor, is about ten times more effective at repelling mosquitoes than DEET the compound used in most commercial insect repellents.
		In the low-dose test (0.1 percent) with nepetalactone, an average of 25 percent five mosquitoes stayed on the treated side.
		This high quality golden colored catnip essential oil is pure and organic with 80-90% nepatalactone, which is the highest quality and produced on farms in Canada.
	www.shamanshop.net /store/proddetail.cfm/ItemID/102817.0/CategoryID/4500.0/SubCatID/1180.0/file.htm (1510 words)

	nepetalactone mosquito repellent
		Recently we conducted a test and applied small quantities of pure cis-trans nepetalactone to a wooden substrate base of a bee hive.
		Further exacting research and tests will be conducted to conclusively prove the observations that nepetalactone and its isomers attract bees.
		During 2003 we conducted a research study on the field effectiveness of catnip oil, nepetalactone solutions at repelling mosquitoes and other insects.
	www.kookykat.com /catnipessentialoils.htm (854 words)

	Defra, UK; Unexpected developments from the SEMIOCHEM LINK Programme
		The production of semiochemicals, in particular a highly active nepetalactone isomer from cultivation of the catmint Nepeta cataria as a non-food crop, has yielded material for commercial development and for further, more extensive, field trials.
		The major target is aphid control (the nepetalactone being a highly active aphid sex pheromone component), but its main use is in manipulating aphid parasitoids, for example in the SAPPIO programme, "3D Farming - Making biodiversity work for the farmer", run by Professor Wilf Powell of IACR-Rothamsted.
		During trials in Korea and Canada, it was found that a nepetalactol derived from one of the nepetalactone isomers attracted another group of insects antagonistic to pest aphids, the lacewings.
	www.defra.gov.uk /farm/acu/research/reports/semio.htm (594 words)

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