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	Nephelometer - Patent 4432642
		A nephelometer is disclosed which employs immersion optics and conformable optical couplers between components to minimize scattered background light.
		In a nephelometer as defined in claim 1, and said conformable optical coupler means including an optical elastomer held in firm conforming engagement with the light pipe means, cover and bottom wall.
		In a nephelometer as defined in claim 2, and the nephelometer additionally comprising a scattered light collector means and light detector means downstream from said well and conformable optical coupler means.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4432642.html (1186 words)

	1999 June 7, Edison Medical Laboratories, Inc., Cr No. 599
		A nephelometer is a device used by a clinical laboratory to perform specific tests on patient specimens.
		Petitioner's deficient conduct in its management of nephelometer tests is both that it permitted such obviously false test reports to be generated and that it did nothing to investigate the source of the false reports.
		Petitioner was obligated to assure that only accurate nephelometer test results were generated or reported irrespective of the volume of results it was generating or the possibility that false replicating results could have been detected only with close scrutiny.
	www.hhs.gov /dab/decisions/cr599.htm (6536 words)

	UMBC Nephelometer (Site not responding. Last check: )
		We are using the Radiance Model M904 Integrating Nephelometer to obtain in-situ measurements of the light scattering coefficient of the atmosphere near the UMBC Campus.
		The nephelometer measures the light scattering coefficient (often called b
		Examination of the instrument revealed that a yellowjacket felt that the nephelometer inlet was an appropriate home.
	www.physics.umbc.edu /~hoff/NephelometerPage.html (128 words)

	Continuous assessment of indoor fine particles with a portable nephelometer
		The nephelometer technique was applied to the assessment of particulate levels in restaurants and bars with different smoking restrictions and in residential kitchens where fried foods were prepared.
		The restaurants were divided into 3 categories based on their smoking policy: 5 non- smoking restaurants, 11 restaurants with both a no-smoking (regulations require at least 40% of seating to be non-smoking) and a smoking section (restricted smoking), and 4 bars (with food service) where smoking was unrestricted.
		In the restaurants with both a smoking and no-smoking section, the measurement devices were situated in the no-smoking area, as close as possible to the smoking area, in order to obtain a worst-case situation for a non-smoking customer.
	www.forces.org /evidence/braustud/brau.htm (942 words)

	NEPHELOMETRY (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Integrating nephelometers are used to determine the light scattering coefficient of the aerosol.
		These instruments operate by illuminating a fixed sample volume from the side, and observing the amount of light that is scattered by particles and gas molecules in the direction of a photomultiplier tube.
		The 4 wave nephelometer is on the bottom and the 3 wave nephelometer is the blue instrument on the top.
	www.mlo.noaa.gov /Projects/AEROSOL/Neph.htm (164 words)

	UMBC Nephelometer
		We are using a Radiance Model M904 Integrating Nephelometer to measure the light scattering coefficient of the atmosphere near the UMBC campus.
		Air is brought in from an unheated inlet (approximately 1 m in length) of ½” copper tubing into the measurement chamber by means of a small fan.
		Currently the nephelometer is set to measure the light scattering coefficient at 2 Hz, and to average the data over 5 minutes and store it in RAM.
	alg.umbc.edu /neph/NephelometerPage.html (587 words)

	Nephelometer -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A nephelometer is an instrument for measuring (additional info and facts about suspended particulates) suspended particulates in a (A substance that is liquid at room temperature and pressure) liquid.
		It does so by employing a light beam (source beam) and a (additional info and facts about light detector) light detector set to one side (usually 90°) of the source beam.
		A nephelometric turbidimeter always monitors light reflected off the particles and not (The property of something that has been weakened or reduced in thickness or density) attenuation due to cloudiness.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/n/ne/nephelometer.htm (261 words)

	Turbidity - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A property of the particles — that they will scatter a light beam focused on them — is considered a more meaningful measure of turbidity in water.
		Turbidity measured this way uses an instrument called a nephelometer with the detector setup to the side of the light beam.
		To some extent, how much light reflects for a given amount of particulates is dependent upon properties of the particles like their shape, color, and reflectivity.
	www.open-encyclopedia.com /Turbidity (562 words)

	Analysis of Nephelometer Background Checks Before and During the INDOEX Flight Campaign (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Analysis of the nephelometer background checks for the reference and humidified nephelometers may permit us to draw conclusions regarding the occurrence and timing of leaks in portions of the CMDL aerosol system (e.g., the nephelometers).
		First, the nephelometer internal pressure is lowered relative to its value during normal operation because of the switching of the air flow path through the HEPA filter.
		Since the leak in the wet nephelometer is thought to have originated during disassembly and repair of the instrument just prior to RF1, we can look at the earlier background check values to see what the expected range of the values should be.
	www.cmdl.noaa.gov /aero/net/c130/indoex/neph_bkgd.html (1432 words)

	REVEAL II Spearman Correlations
		A matching code of 0 was assigned when the visual range extrapolated from the nephelometer data was in the same range as that extrapolated from the slides.
		A code of 1 was assigned when the visual range from the nephelometer indicated a category different than that extrapolated from the slides and the visual range from the nephelometer indicted better visibility than the estimate from the slides.
		A code of 2 was assigned when the visual range from the nephelometer indicated a category different than that extrapolated from the slides and the visual range from the nephelometer indicted worse visibility than the estimate from the slides.
	www.indiana.edu /~geog/reveal/table2.html (209 words)

	ECOTECH - Integrating nephelometer (visibility monitor)
		The Ecotech nephelometer measures the light scattering coefficient due to particles (sp) using the geometry of a standard integrating nephelometer.
		Sp may be used as a measure of particulate pollution, the higher the value of sp the higher the concentration of particles.
		The light source used in the Ecotech nephelometer is an ultra long life and stable light emitting diode (LED) instead of the standard style flash lamp, which were prone to failure.
	www.ferret.com.au /articles/3d/0c02143d.asp (381 words)

	Met Office: OBR - Aerosol - Humidified Nephelometer
		The aerosol sample will first be dehydrated and then passed through an integrating nephelometer that measures the scattering coefficient of red, green and blue light.
		The aerosol is then passed through a second nephelometer where the scattering coefficients are measured once again.
		The ratio of the wet to dry scattering coefficients as a function of applied relative humidity is the overall information that we require to help us understand the nature of the aerosol particles under different conditions of ambient RH.
	www.metoffice.gov.uk /research/obr/aerosol/wetneph.html (277 words)

	NEPHELOMETER
		The instrument is designed to measure the total scattering (7° to 170° angular integration) coefficient and the hemispheric backscattering (90° to 170°) coefficient at three visible wavelengths (450, 550 and 700nm each with a bandwidth of 50nm), giving a total of six parameters.
		The principle used within the instrument is that the nephelometer signal (or photon-counting rate) determined using three photomultiplier tubes is a relative measure of the scattering coefficient.
		The exhaust from the existing nephelometer will be used as the input to the wet neph system therefore removing the requirement for additional pumping.
	www.faam.ac.uk /public/nephelometer/index.html (359 words)

	Aerosol Size Distributions from Genetic Inversion
		μm, the polar nephelometer data are dominated by the effect of coarse mode hydrated sea salt.
		The nephelometer was mounted on top of the lidar container, about 5 m above sea level and 30 m from the breaking waves on the beach.
		Although we have demonstrated that the polar nephelometer data is insensitive to the accumulation mode (Fig.
	www.soest.hawaii.edu /lidar/polar_inversion_13a.htm (3439 words)

	Venus (planet) - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The 660 kg descent vehicle separated from Venera 9 and landed, taking the first pictures of the surface and analyzing the crust with a gamma-ray spectrometer and a densitometer.
		During descent, pressure, temperature and photometric measurements were made, as well as backscattering and multi-angle scattering (nephelometer) measurements of cloud density.
		Each lander made measurements with a nephelometer, mass spectrometer, gas chromatograph, and a cloud-droplet chemical analyzer using x-ray fluorescence that unexpectedly discovered a large proportion of chlorine in the clouds, in addition to sulfur.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Venus_(planet) (3620 words)

	Nephelometer Sole Source Justification (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The integrating nephelometer measures the light scattering coefficient of the atmospheric aerosol.
		As a result, we request a sole source procurement of one TSI Model 3563 integrating nephelometer (with heaters), under the statutory authority of 41 USC 253(c)(1), and I certify that the property needed by CMDL is available from only one responsible source and no other type of property will meet our needs.
		The new nephelometer must be compatible in physical dimensions, electrical signals, computer interface, and performance specifications with the TSI Model 3563.
	www.cmdl.noaa.gov /aerosol/etc/neph_sole_source.html (718 words)

	CiteULike: Comparison of two commercial nephelometric methods for apoprotein A-I and apoprotein B with standardized ...
		Normotriglyceridemic and hypertriglyceridemic samples were analyzed for apoproteins A-I and B using the Beckman Array System and the Behring Nephelometer, and the nephelometric values were compared to values obtained by highly standardized radioimmunoassays developed at the Northwest Lipid Research Center.
		Although the means of the apoA-I values obtained by each method were similar, comparison of sample values by least-squares regression analysis revealed large differences (Sy = 20 mg/dl for Beckman, Sy = 18 mg/dl for Behring) (Sy = standard error of the estimate) regardless of whether the comparison included hypertriglyceridemic samples.
		Significantly lower apoprotein B values were obtained on hypertriglyceridemic samples by the Beckman Nephelometer even after correction for calibration differences.
	www.citeulike.org /user/biblio24/article/803701 (580 words)

	ONR2000
		The total measured size distribution at nephelometer RH has been used to model expected scattering extinction for RH in the UH and UW nephelometers, including correction for the different transmission efficiency of the UW inlet system.
		Figure 10 includes UH nephelometer data corrected to obtain the expected ambient scattering extinction after allowing for angular truncation (Anderson and Ogren, 1998), sampling losses, and f(RH) for the SEAS period, as discussed earlier.
		These were consistent with observed nephelometer extinction values and those derived from the measured size distributions to within combined measurement uncertainty.
	www.soest.hawaii.edu /lidar/Clarke_2_dbl1Feb92003.htm (8458 words)

	Nephelometer and Relative Humidity Data from Acadia, (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Nephelometer and Relative Humidity Data from Acadia, ME and Gt.
		The IMPROVE nephelometer data are routinely "filtered" (screened) to identify unusual or questionable data.
		nephelometer data vs. the hourly fine particle concentrations in Roxbury, MA (about 150 miles to the South), shows high variability but with a more coincident temporal pattern at both sites, with extreme peaks on the evening of 7/17.
	capita.wustl.edu /NearDat/Activities/july99/nephelom.htm (340 words)

	Lidar Technique Refines Aerosol Data - March, 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		However, where traditional nephelometers use illumination over a broad range of angles, this one uses an Nd:YAG 532-nm laser beam and a set of mirrors designed so that the only illumination to reach the tubes comes from just the 177° angle -- close to the 180° angle at which lidar systems operate.
		A new 180° nephelometer measures this scattering at the same angle at which lidar systems operate, allowing for more accurate interpretation of lidar data.
		By drawing a known particulate into the nephelometer and measuring the ratio of extinction to backscatter, researchers can validate their remote lidar measurements against a calibrated, on-site technique.
	www.photonics.com /spectra/tech/XQ/ASP/techid.784/QX/read.htm (459 words)

	IgA subclass reference values & CRM 470 standardisation
		The concentration of total IgA was measured with the Behring Nephelometer (Behring Werke AG, Marburg, Germany), according to the procedure supplied with the batch of sheep anti human IgA antiserum, SH14N (CLB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands).
		In the RIA the standards H004-N2-3 (nephelometer standard), 1562 (RIA and EIA standard) and control serum 1563 were standardised in g/l for the concentration of IgA1 and IgA2 against a standard serum of The Binding Site.
		In the selected sera of the children IgA1 and IgA2 was measured in the RIA with the 1562 as standard and total IgA was measured on the nephelometer with the H004-N2-3 as standard.
	www.xs4all.nl /~ednieuw/IgAsubclasses/ASKV11.htm (3749 words)

	Technical Report No. 5: Emissions from Domestic Solid Fuel Burning Appliances - Time variation of particle mass ...
		In this respect it is similar to a nephelometer and, as was expected, these two instruments generally tracked each other very closely, albeit with different nominal output scales.
		The nephelometer is calibrated in terms of volume scattering coefficient whereas the DustTrak reports using a nominal mass-loading scale based on test dusts referred to as Arizona Road Dust.
		Whilst the TEOM is a useful instrument for ambient measurements of aerosol mass loading, it proved to be unsuitable for this study.
	www.deh.gov.au /atmosphere/airquality/publications/report5/chapter6.html (3750 words)

	PMEL Publications Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Scattering and backscattering coefficients were measured with an integrating nephelometer and calculated from a Mie scattering model.
		The different measures of mass agreed for both the submicron and supermicron aerosol indicating that within experimental uncertainty, the aerosol was composed entirely of ionic species and associated water mass.
		Closure was not obtained for scattering or backscattering in the supermicron size range due to inadequacies of the techniques used to measure the size distribution and scattering in this size range.
	www.pmel.noaa.gov /pub-bin/pub_spec/home/hilo/web/htdocs/pubs/1998abs/1863.html (358 words)

	Storm Peak Visibility Measurements
		On the other hand, when there were clear conditions, the nephelometers at each site measured very little light scattering, showing that the mountain side light scattering properties were homogeneous under these conditions.
		The behavior of the SPL nephelometer during the 11th and morning of the 12th of January was probably due to instrumental effects and not representative of the light scattering at that time.
		The two nephelometers revealed that the light scattering characteristics of the mountain were spatially inhomogeneous.
	www.unr.edu /homepage/daved/spl/splpaper.html (2116 words)

	Aerosol optical characterization by nephelometer and lidar: The Baltimore Supersite experiment during the Canadian ...
		High spatial and temporal resolution elastic backscatter lidar data from Baltimore are analyzed with a near-end approach to estimate vertical profiles of the aerosol extinction coefficient.
		The near-end approach makes use of the (1) aerosol scattering coefficient measured at the surface with a nephelometer (0.530 μm), (2) surface level particle size distribution, and (3) refractive index calculated using Mie theory to estimate the aerosol extinction coefficient boundary condition for the lidar equation.
		There was a broad range of atmospheric turbidity due to a strong haze event, which occurred because of smoke transport from Canadian forest fires, and led to a wide range of observed atmospheric properties.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2004/2003JD004047.shtml (399 words)

	Calculation of residence times in the CMDL aircraft instrument (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The residence time to the first nephelometer is 13 seconds and to the second nephelometer 19 seconds.
		The volume between the two nephs, which includes a nephelometer and the humidigraph tubing, is 3 liters.
		In adjusting the signal times of the CMDL instrument for the INDOEX campaign the green reference nephelometer signal should be moved forward by 13 seconds and the green wet nephelometer moved up by 19 seconds.
	www.cmdl.noaa.gov /aero/net/c130/indoex/residence.html (369 words)

	Hydrothermal plumes over spreading centers
		Hydrothermal fluids with a very low level of precipitable species, such as the vapor phase of a phase-separated fluid, or a fluid discharging through a thick layer of sediments, may yield a plume with a tenuous optical signal, but optically invisible plumes are rare.
		The only documented case we are aware of is a CH plume with no nephelometer or total dissolved Mn signal near 15°N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR), a plume hypothesized to arise from fluid circulation in ultrabasic (low silica) rocks rather than basalt [Charlou et al.
		Nephelometer data are combined from five tow-yos, comprising >1000 vertical profiles.
	www.pmel.noaa.gov /pubs/outstand/bake1538/bake1538.shtml (12642 words)

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