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Topic: Neptunium

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	Science@Berkeley Lab: Getting the Neptunium out of Nuclear Waste
		Neptunium is a silvery metal produced from uranium-238 in breeder reactors as a byproduct of plutonium production; about one part neptunium is produced for every 1,000 parts plutonium.
		The identification of the neptunium diamide complex by Rao and his colleagues suggests new organic ligands could be designed which would be able to effectively bind with the neptunium cation and be used to safely remove the neptunium from the bulk of the nuclear waste.
		Neptunium is a member of the actinide family of chemical elements known for its long half-life, its mobility, and the difficulty of separating it from high-level nuclear waste.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/sabl/2005/November/05-neptunium.html (944 words)

	Neptunium Summary
		Neptunium is a transuranium element, one of the elements found in Row 7 of the periodic table after uranium (atomic number 92).
		Neptunium was discovered in 1940 by a pair of physicists at the University of California at Berkeley, Edwin M. McMillan and Philip H. Abelson (1913-).
		Neptunium is a synthetic element in the periodic table that has the symbol Np and atomic number 93.
	www.bookrags.com /Neptunium (2733 words)

	C&EN: IT'S ELEMENTAL: THE PERIODIC TABLE - NEPTUNIUM
		Well, you can't find neptunium in seawater or the atmosphere, and it's now known to be present in only trace amounts in uranium ore. The only other place to find the element is in nuclear facilities or research labs.
		Neptunium was the first transuranium element discovered, so as Neptune follows Uranus in the lineup of planets, Np is next to U in the periodic table.
		This nickel-clad neptunium sphere was used to experimentally determine the critical mass of Np at Los Alamos National Lab last year.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/80th/neptunium.html (714 words)

	Np - Neptunium
		(Planet Neptune) Neptunium was the first synthetic transuranium element of the actinideseries discovered; the isotope 239Np was produced by McMillan and Abelson in 1940 atBerkeley, California, as the result of bombarding uranium with cyclotron-producedneutrons.
		Neptunium is prepared by thereduction of NpF3 with barium or lithium vapor at about 1200C.
		Neptunium metal has asilvery appearance, is chemically reactive, and exists in at least three structuralmodifications: alpha-neptunium, orthorhombic, density 20.25 g/cm
	www.physlink.com /Reference/ChemicalElements/neptunium.cfm (236 words)

	neptunium — FactMonster.com
		Neptunium is found in very small quantities in nature in association with uranium ores.
		Periodic Table of the Elements: Neptunium - Periodic Table of the Elements: Neptunium 93 Np Neptunium 237.0482 2 · 8 · 18 32...
		Np - Np Np, symbol for element neptunium.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0835238.html (198 words)

	NEPTUNIUM,
		Chemically, neptunium is a silvery metal that exists in at least three different crystalline forms, hence the variations in specific gravity (from 18 to 20).
		The neptunium isotope in turn emits a beta particle, forming the important isotope plutonium-239, a material used for atomic bombs.
		Neptunium occurs in nature in trace amounts in uranium ores but is produced artificially.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?vendorId=FWNE.fw..ne027400.a#FWNE.fw..ne027400.a (263 words)

	Upto11.net - Wikipedia Article for Neptunium (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Neptunium is a synthetic element in the periodic table that has the symbol Np and atomic number 93.
		Neptunium is also found in trace amounts in uranium ores.
		Neptunium (named for the planet Neptune) was first discovered by Edwin McMillan and Philip Abelson in 1940.
	www.upto11.net /generic_wiki.php?q=neptunium (516 words)

	Neptunium (Np) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Neptunium is a silvery, radioactive metallic element whose name was derived from the planet Neptune.
		Neptunium was discovered in 1940 by Edwin M. McMillan and Philip H. Abelson (two American physicists).
		Neptunium is also used as a component in neutron detection devices.
	www.bayerus.com /msms/fun/pages/periodic/neptunium (121 words)

	ELEMENT 93 -- NEPTUNIUM (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Neptunium is a silvery substance that is radioactive, it is mainly used for outside research with Scientists.
		Neptunium is made barium or lithim, it is a metal substance, that is seen to be silver, it is reactive towards chemical, and there are three modification that structures Neptunium which includes: alpha-neptunium, orthorhomb, and beta neptunium.
		Neptunium also have 4 ionic, and the element is formed as a tri.
	home.earthlink.net /~danieldorsey/periodictable04/093.htm (167 words)

	VIAS Encyclopedia: Neptunium
		Np was produced by McMillan and Abelson in 1940 at Berkeley, California, as the result of bombarding uranium with cyclotron-produced neutrons.
		Trace quantities of the element are actually found in nature due to transmutation reactions in uranium ores produced by the neutrons which are present.
		Neptunium metal has a silvery appearance, is chemically reactive, and exists in at least three structural modifications: alpha-neptunium, orthorhombic, density 20.25 g/cm
	www.vias.org /encyclopedia/persys_np.html (243 words)

	Dissolution of Neptunium Oxide in Unirradiated Mark 53 Targets
		Neptunium oxide powder was used in the dissolution tests since samples of the Mark 53 cermet were not available.
		The neptunium analysis for the samples removed from the dissolver during each dissolution experiment are presented in Appendix A. Before the concentrations can be correlated with the dissolution time, they must be corrected for the change in volume which occurred as a result of sample removal and evaporation losses through the condenser.
		The neptunium concentration for each of the samples must be corrected for small changes in volume which occurred due to sample removal and evaporation losses through the condenser.
	sti.srs.gov /fulltext/tr2002172r1/tr2002172r1.html (2644 words)

	Neptunium criticality achieved
		The neptunium and enriched uranium assembly was constructed at TA-18's Critical Assembly and Storage Area-One, and mounted on the "Planet" device.
		Neptunium is a man-made actinide metal, grayish in color, which lies on the periodic table of elements between uranium and plutonium.
		Since the neptunium sphere alone was not of sufficient mass to sustain the nuclear reaction, it was placed in the center of several thin nested shells of enriched uranium configured in an upper and lower half, with the neptunium sphere located in the lower section.
	www.brightsurf.com /news/oct_02/LANL_news_101802.html (890 words)

	Neptunium recovery began in '58
		Neptunium was recovered from uranium hexafluoride waste and fluorination ash in an apparently highly secretive operation from November 1958 until at least 1960 at the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant.
		One said the significance of the document is that it shows that neptunium, which if taken into the body can cause a much greater health problem than uranium or plutonium, was concentrated in large quantities, rather than as a miniscule amount in thousands of tons of uranium waste material.
		Neptunium can cause cancer, and research documents indicate that 75 percent of the neptunium ingested into the body goes to bone and has a 50-year biological half-life.
	www.state.nv.us /nucwaste/news/nn10208.htm (899 words)

	Principal Metals-Neptunium
		(Planet Neptune) Neptunium was the first synthetic transuranium element of the actinide series discovered; the isotope 239Np was produced by McMillan and Abelson in 1940 at Berkeley, California, as the result of bombarding uranium with cyclotron-produced neutrons.
		Neptunium is prepared by the reduction of NpF3 with barium or lithium vapor at about 1200C.
		Neptunium metal has a silvery appearance, is chemically reactive, and exists in at least three structural modifications: alpha-neptunium, orthorhombic, density 20.25 g/cm^3, beta-neptunium (above 280C), tetragonal, density (313C) 19.36 g/cm^3, gamma-neptunium (above 577C), cubic, density (600C) 18.0 g/cm^3.
	www.principalmetals.com /utilities/93.htm (260 words)

	Neptunium
		Neptunium was the first synthetic transuranuim element of the actinide series discovered.
		Neptunium is found on earth and is man made.
		Neptunium is unstable and decays to form an isotope that can be used for nuclear fission.
	www.cheney268.com /MSScience/Schroeder/Periodic/np.htm (135 words)

	Columbia Encyclopedia- neptunium - AOL Research & Learn (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It is a member of the actinide series in group IIIb of the periodic table.
		Neptunium, the first transuranium element, was named for the planet Neptune, which is beyond Uranus in the solar system.
		Neptunium is found in very small quantities in nature in association with uranium ores.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/neptunium/20051206230309990029 (155 words)

	[No title]
		Neptunium is an actinide, amd has a silvery apperience.
		Neptunium has a melting point od about 3902 °C, and a melting point of 640 °C. Inside the element intself, there are 93 protons, 93 electrons, and 144 neutrons.
		Neptunium can b used as a componet in a nuetron detection instrument, but is almost never found in anything that an average person might come across.
	www.mvschools.org /ms/academics/science/elements/edwinsonneptunium/edwinsonneptunium.html (251 words)

	Neptunium
		Neptunium (Np) was produced by McMillan and Abelson in 1940 at Cal Berkely.
		Neptunium was named after the the planet neptune.
		The classification of Neptunium is Rare Earth and its color is unknown.
	www.mvschools.org /ms/projects/html/brick/neptunium.htm (295 words)

	Neptunium (Site not responding. Last check: )
		(Planet Neptune) Neptunium was the first synthetic transuranium element of the actinide series discovered; the isotope 239Np was produced by McMillan and Abelson in 1940 at Berkeley, California, as the result of bombarding uranium with cyclotron-produced neutrons.
		Neptunium is prepared by the reduction of NpF3 with barium or lithium vapor at about 1200°C (348.8°F).
		Neptunium metal has a silvery appearance, is chemically reactive, and exists in at least three structural modifications: alpha-neptunium, orthohombic, density 20.25 g/cm
	members.tripod.com /Duebills/93.html (267 words)

	Neptunium Goes Critical At Los Alamos
		The neptunium and enriched uranium assembly was constructed at TA-18's Critical Assembly and Storage Area-One, and mounted on the "Planet" device.
		Neptunium is a man-made actinide metal, grayish in color, which lies on the periodic table of elements between uranium and plutonium.
		Since the neptunium sphere alone was not of sufficient mass to sustain the nuclear reaction, it was placed in the center of several thin nested shells of enriched uranium configured in an upper and lower half, with the neptunium sphere located in the lower section.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/energy-tech-02s.html (1029 words)

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