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	Walther Nernst - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nernst contributed to electrochemistry, thermodynamics, solid state chemistry and photochemistry.
		Nernst invented, in 1898, the Nernst lamp, an electric lamp using an incandescent ceramic rod (the successor to the carbon lamp and the precursor to the incandescent lamp).
		His Nernst glower, important in the field of spectroscopy, is a solid-body radiator with a filament of rare-earth oxides.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Walther_Nernst (348 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Walther Hermann Nernst (June 25, 1864 - November 18, 1941) was a German chemist and helped establish the modern field physical chemistry.
		Nernst invented, in 1898, an electric metallic-filament lamp (the carbon lamp successor and the precursor to the incandescent lamp).
		Nernst researched osmotic pressure and electrochemistry, he established what he referred to as a "heat theorem", around 1906, and later known as the Third law of thermodynamics (which covers the behavior of matter as temperatures approach absolute zero).
	hostingciamca.com /index.php?title=Walther_Hermann_Nernst (340 words)

	info: Nernst_lamp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		It is interesting to note that the light emitting ceramic filament is called a 'glower' as after Nernst lamps fell into obsolesence and disuse the term 'Nernst glower' went on to be used to describe the infrared emitting source used in IR spectroscopy devices.
		Recently, even this term has become obsolete as Nernst glowers have been largely replaced for this purpose by silicon carbide glow bars or 'globars' [1] which are conductive even at room temperature and therefore need no preheating.
		One disadvanage of the Nernst design was that the ceramic rod was not electrically-conductive at room temperature so the lamps needed a separate heater filament to heat the ceramic hot enough to begin conducting electricity on its own.
	www.info-assicurazione.com /Nernst_lamp.html (460 words)

	Hermann Nernst (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In 1891 Nernst was promouted to Extraordinary professor in the Göttingen University.
		Nernst was mechanically minded and he was always to the forefront in considering ways of applying the results of scientific research to industry.
		In 1905, Nernst was appointed Professor of physical chemistry in the University of Berlin.
	chem.ch.huji.ac.il /~eugeniik/history/nernst.htm (2388 words)

	Nernst lamp (M. C. Beebe, 1902)
		Walter Nernst of Goettingen, Germany, was the first to utilize as an illuminant, the fact that certain of the refractory oxides of metals of the rare earths are conductors of electricity when hot.
		Compared with the arc, the Nernst efficiency is slightly less, when considering the light emitted in all directions, yet for equal consumption of power, the superior distribution of the Nernst, combined with its absolute steadiness and pleasing color, give the impression of decided superiority in favor of the latter.
		The Nernst light occupies a position between the two, closely resembling diffused daylight, and is particularly adapted to the accurate discrimination of colors.
	www.nernst.de /lamp/nernstlamp_beebe1902.htm (2135 words)

	Patent 5071799: Incandescent mantles
		After pre-heating to initiate conduction, the glower element was raised to, and maintained at, the required temperature by passage of an electric current thus rendering the element an incandescent light emitter.
		Intended as an intermediate light source between the powerful carbon arc light and the weak Edison carbon filament lamp, the Nernst light was rendered obsolete by the introduction of the tungsten filament lamp, although Nernst glowers are still produced in small quantities as spectroscopic light sources.
		While the light emitting property of the Nernst glower does not depend on the passage of electric current, and in theory any suitable heat source can be employed to cause the materials of the glower to incandesce, use in conjunction with a gas flame is not known.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5071799.html (3709 words)

	Walther Nernst - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The piano used pick-ups to produce electronic modified and amplified sound (resembling an electric guitar).
		"Hermann Walther Nernst, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920 : Prize Presentation (http://chem.ch.huji.ac.il/~eugeniik/history/nernst_nobel.htm)".
		Suhling, Lothar, "Walther Nernst and the ammonia synthesis after Haber and Bosch (http://babelfish.altavista.com/babelfish/urltrurl?url=http%3A//www.gnt-verlag.de/programm/15/p343-356_suhling.shtmlandlp=de_enandtt=url)".
	www.free-definition.com /Walther-Nernst.html (336 words)

	Nernst's Theorem
		Walther Hermann Nernst was born in Briesen, West Prussia, on June 25, 1864.
		Nernst spent four productive years in Leipzig where he worked out the Nernst equation, derived a theory of diffusion of electrolytes in solution, explained the common-ion effect, and enunciated the solubility product principle.
		With the aid of his co-workers Nernst was able through extremely valuable experimental research to obtain a most remarkable result concerning the change in specific heats at low temperatures.
	theorem.org.ru /wn.html (476 words)

	UNODC - Bulletin on Narcotics - 1955 Issue 1 - 004
		The most commonly used sources are the Nernst glower and the globar, although a tungsten filament lamp is sometimes employed in the very near (photoelectric) infrared.
		The Nernst glower is a high emissivity source fabricated from a mixture of oxides, including those of zirconium, thorium and cerium.
		On account of its large negative temperature coefficient of' resistance the Nernst glower must be heated to several hundred degrees before it becomes sufficiently conducting to attain incandescence at its normal operating-voltage.
	www.unodc.org /unodc/bulletin/bulletin_1955-01-01_1_page005.html (6371 words)

	Electric Light Bulbs
		A notable fact was the lead in wire in the glass tube between the base and filament were made of platinum.
		An incandescent filament lamp of some interest is the Nernst glower.
		The Nernst glower was more efficient and provided good color for commercial use.
	www.thezephyr.com /collect/collectg.htm (1073 words)

	Infra red Absorption Spectroscopy - Instrumentation
		The Nernst glower is a cylinder (1-2 mm diameter, approximately 20 mm long) of rare earth oxides.
		The Nernst glower can reach temperatures of 2200 K. The Globar source is a silicon carbide rod (5mm diameter, 50mm long) which is electrically heated to about 1500 K. Water cooling of the electrical contacts is needed to prevent arcing.
		The incandescent wire source is a tightly wound coil of nichrome wire, electrically heated to 1100 K. It produces a lower intensity of radiation than the Nernst or Globar sources, but has a longer working life.
	www.shu.ac.uk /schools/sci/chem/tutorials/molspec/irspec3.htm (1073 words)

	IRVING LANGMUIR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		This decision would prove to be a fortunate one because working under Walther Nernst, who was both a theoretician and an inventor, led Langmuir to the applied research that became the foundation of his career.
		He received his PhD in 1906 for research done using the "Nernst glower", an electric lamp invented by Nernst.
		The goal of his research at Gottingen was to determine what happened to various gases produced in the presence of a hot platinum wire.
	www.woodrow.org /teachers/chemistry/institutes/1992/Langmuir.html (1605 words)

	Reagent Chemicals Ninth Edition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Continuous sources are used in the mid-infrared region and include the incandescent wire source, the Nernst glower, and the Globar.
		The Nernst glower is hotter and brighter than the incandescent wire.
		The Globar provides greater output than the Nernst glower in the region below 5 mm.
	pubs.acs.org /reagent_demo/sec_b009.html (1581 words)

	Untitled
		As investors learned of his successful research methods, publicity for General Electric increased and Langmuir was granted complete freedom to discover the answers to his inquistive mind as those investors provided the financial basis.
		The “Nernst glower” which had served as the main focus of Langmuir’s research at Gottingen, inspired his research with the light bulb at General Electric.
		Initially, Langmuir focused on “low-pressure chemical reactions and the study of the emission of electrons by hot filaments in a vacuum.” The light bulb provided a means for studying a vacuum and provided a container for studying gases at varying temperatures and pressures.
	ed.augie.edu /~dmsteffl/term.html (1864 words)

	Mount Vernon Museum Of Incandescent Lighting
		On the bottom row we can see the nernst Glowers of 1903.
		On the next row we see some incredible examples of the Tantalum lamp.
		On the top row we see early tipples lamps including the Miridian lamp designed to compete with the Nernst glower.
	www.angelfire.com /pe/pasttech/tour1.html (388 words)

	Photonics Dictionary, Definitions, Abbreviations, Illustrations, Terms Listed by Letter N - (Items 41 thru 80) - The ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Excerpt: A type of thermoset rubber used to jacket fiber optic cables...
		Excerpt: Important in the field of spectroscopy, the glower is a soli...
		Excerpt: A computing paradigm that attempts to process information in...
	www.photonics.com /dictionary/listbyletter/XQ/ASP/url.listbyletter/termtotalpages.3/letter.n/totalterms.113/start.41/termpagenum.2/listed.term/pu.Yes/QX/listbyletter.htm (561 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		On page 172 of their book, Howell and Schroeder described a tipless carbon filament lamp that was called the Meridian; it was a lamp designed to compete with the Nernst Glower.
		A U.S. patent was issued to Samuel Doane and Henry Burnett as early as 1894 (No 516,800) for the tipless construction but it wasn't used until Mark Branin developed an improved method of manufacturing the stem (U.S. No 532,760).
		However, lamps could be ordered with bulbs clear or fully frosted.
	home.frognet.net /~ejcov/ch21.html (358 words)

	[No title]
		FEEDBACK DETECTOR - A temperature compensated, IR photodiode which mounts near the NERNST GLOWER (or any light source and provides a signal to the AC POWER SUPPLY for photometric feedback control - includes a ten foot cable
		GLOWER ENCLOSURE - Blue anodized aluminum enclosure to hold the NERNST GLOWER ceramic holder and FEEDBACK DETECTOR - Suitable for optical carrier or table mounting - Includes 1.5" diameter f/2.7 calcium fluoride collimating lens - optical axis is 5.04" above the base of the enclosure - includes bulkhead connectors for cables
		Typically used to spin a polarizer or retarder for automatic ellipsometry - Also used for image rotation and continuous circular scanning - Includes the 37mm ID hollow shaft rotator with optical encoder and 19" rack mount electronics with motor power an A/D interface electronics - Please call for detailed information
	www.leonardresearch.com /opticsprice_m.htm (325 words)

	Photonics Dictionary: Definition for word(s) Nernst glower - The Photonics Directory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Photonics Dictionary: Definition for word(s) Nernst glower - The Photonics Directory
		Important in the field of spectroscopy, the glower is a solid-body radiator that is made up of a filament of rare-earth oxides.
		The glower operates best in wavelengths from 2 to 14 µm.
	www.photonics.com /dictionary/lookup/XQ/ASP/url.lookup/entrynum.3478/letter.n/pu./QX/lookup.htm (89 words)

	Spectrometer Infrared Spectrometers FTIR Spectrometers Infrared Spectrophotometers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		A spectrophotometer having a prism or, more frequently, a grating for the study and recording of infrared spectra.
		It usually consists of a radiation source such as a Nernst glower, a monochromator, a detector, an amplifier and a recorder.
		PhotonicSourcing to find new supply sources that can meet your product design needs.
	www.photonicsourcing.com /spectrometer.htm (130 words)

	CBU CHEM 415 Exam 2 2000
		Give sources appropriate for each of the following regions of electromagnetic radiation:
		(c.) infrared region Nernst glower or glowbar or incandescent wire
		For a grating, how many lines per millimeter would be required in order for the second-order diffraction line for wavelength of 645 nm to be observed at a reflection angle of 25 deg when the angle of incidence is 65 deg?
	www.cbu.edu /~mcondren/c415e200.htm (725 words)

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