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Topic: Nerpa

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Phocidae

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	Nerpa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The speculation is that the chemicals work their way up the food chain, and weaken the Nerpas’ immune systems, making them susceptable to diseases such as canine distemper and the plauge, which was the cause of a serious Nerpa epidemic that resulted in the deaths of thousands of Nerpas in 1997 and 1999.
		Nerpas usually give birth to one pup, but they are the only seal with the ability to give birth to twins.
		Nerpas are slightly polygamous, and slightly territorial, although, not defensive of this territory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nerpa (1825 words)

	Photo Gallery: The Baikal Nerpa
		The Baikal nerpa (1Phoca sibirica, Gmelin 1788) - is a representative of the order of pinnepeds and the family of real (earless) seals.
		Nerpa spends most of its life in water, surfacing periodically to breathe.
		o the capacity of its blood to hold oxygen nerpa can remain under water for up to 45-60 minutes, although it usually stays there for 20-25 minutes, this is sufficient for it to catch food or escape danger.
	www.earthisland.org /ecotours/galleries/nerpagallery.html (632 words)

	Nerpa / Snezhnogorsk
		Nerpa, located near Polyarny on the Kola fjord, is one of three naval yards where nuclear submarines are dismantled.
		NERPA, where the Northern Fleet's nuclear submarines undergo recycling, is a state owned ship repair yard located in the ice-free Kola Bay, established in 1970.
		Under the decree, the NERPA plant was obliged to construct a complex for nuclear submarine recycling with a design capacity of five or six submarines a year.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/russia/snezhnogorsk.htm (868 words)

	Baikal lake Web World - the seal of lake Baikal - Nerpa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		According to the observations of workers of the Limnological Institute, nerpa is able to dive at a depth of almost 300 m.
		Nerpa is a big animal, it grows about 120-150 cm long and can weigh as much as 100-120 kg; it has a long life span.
		Nerpa feeds mainly at night-time, as golomyanka fish, its favourite food, only concentrate after dark in the upper layer, 100 m deep, which is accessible for nerpa.
	www.bww.irk.ru /nerpa/nerpa.html (744 words)

	Animal Planet :: Seals Threatened
		The average age of the nerpas taken as a whole has therefore increased, a fact that in turn has a negative impact on their ability to reproduce.
		Weakened by pollution, nerpas are then much more vulnerable to diseases, particularly the plague, and thousands died in epidemics in 1988 and 1997, he said.
		The nerpa seal is one of more than 1,200 species that are unique to the lake — the world's largest single freshwater reserve — and its environs in Russia's remote Siberia region.
	animal.discovery.com /news/afp/20030825/nerpas.html (609 words)

	Nerpa to scrap more subs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Nerpa shipyard sighed with relief in the morning of June 18 when the news came that Co-operative Threat Reduction program, or CTR, received a prolongation for seven years.
		Nerpa shipyard, located on the Kola Peninsula, was founded back in 1972 to repair general-purpose nuclear-powered submarines.
		In 1992, Nerpa was granted the right to decommission nuclear submarines of second generation.
	www.bellona.no /en/international/russia/navy/northern_fleet/decommissioning/7743.html (648 words)

	Baikal Seals. Ecotourism on the Lake Baikal in Siberia
		Although the nerpa is not part of endangered species lists, it is worthy of special attention and conservation measures.
		The islands are a distinctive resort, where on quiet sunny days nerpa like to sunbathe on its rocky shores, forming a whole colony which can number up to a few hundred.
		One of the most important means of protection for nerpa’s population, in addition to putting an end to poaching, is the conservation of these animals’ permanent rookeries.
	www.firntravel.ru /nerpa/en/index.htm (533 words)

	Baikal lake Web World - Baikal seal Nerpa - The Face of Baikal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		I first saw a nerpa in Proval Bay in 1959, that very same bay that came about as the result of a catastrophic earthquake on a night just before the New Year of 1862.
		Apart from Baikal and the Caspian Sea; nerpa inhabit the seas of cold and temperate belts of all oceans except the Indian.
		When one first encounters a nerpa the question of its age is the first to arise.
	www.bww.irk.ru /nerpa/nerpabook.html (557 words)

	Mailing List ENVCEE-L: (Fwd) E-Link: Baikal Seals Found Dead
		Another stress factor for the nerpa population is the impact of global warming on the lake's ice conditions.
		The survey assessed the state of the nerpa population, the significance of hunting, and what is necessary for the hunt to be cut back or stopped without causing social or economic conflict.
		One of the aims of the project is to bring nerpa closer to the attention and hearts of the people of the Baikal region through video, films, information, and exhibitions for adults and children.
	ecolu-info.unige.ch /archives/envcee97/0305.html (1158 words)

	Baikal Explorer - Seals of Baikal lake - Nerpa of Baikal
		Baikal is one of the few continental reservoirs inhabited by "nerpa" (the Baikal seal).
		It is still a great mystery how nerpa appeared in the centre of the Asian continent, if its relatives live in the northern arctic regions.
		According to the observations of workers of the Limnological Institute, nerpa is able to dive at a depth of almost 400 m.
	www.baikalex.com /info/nerpa.html (731 words)

	Russia
		On 8 October 2003, Nerpa Shipyard Deputy Director for International and Commercial Affairs Oleg Yerin reported that a group of German specialists investigating a possible contract between Germany and the Nerpa Shipyard for the construction at Sayda Bay of a regional storage site for reactors removed from decommissioned nuclear submarines had completed their on-site work.
		Nerpa would like the program to continue but, according to Rimdenok, the US side is only interested in financing dismantlement of third-generation Russian nuclear submarines.
		Nerpa is considered to be one of the best potential locations for a new modular dry storage facility, which is being planned by the four-state Industrial Group as part of the Federal Environmental Spent Nuclear Fuel Facility in Northwest Russia project.
	www.nti.org /db/nisprofs/russia/naval/nucflt/norflt/nerpa.htm (2909 words)

	Baikal Explorer: Nerpa - the seal of Baikal lake (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Baikal seal, or the nerpa, as it is more often called, is of a great interest even till today.
		There is an opinion that Nerpa had come into Baikal from the Arctic Ocean through the Lena River (the Lena and Baikal had constituted an integral system in prehistoric times).
		According to the observations of workers of the Limnological Institute, the nerpa is able to dive at a depth of almost 300m; while diving, its metabolic processes cease, and it shifts over, due to myoglobin, to intro-visceral breathing, while the blood vein walls are getting rid ofcholesterine.
	www.baikalex.irk.ru /datafile/nerpa.html (321 words)

	Nerpa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		They and two subspecies of the Ringed Seal are the only seals to spend whole lives in fresh water.
		The total population is estimated to be 60 000 animals and hunting was practiced in the past (officially and unofficially) but been put under tighter restrictions recently because declining numbers.
		Hunting Nerpa on frozen Lake is a dangerous activity and many hunters every year pursuing them.
	www.freeglossary.com /Baikal_seal (501 words)

	Location and Evolution: Habitats Creating Inhabitants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Nerpa is the Russian word for "seal," and it is also the nickname of the Baikal seal (Phoca sibirica), the only one existing in freshwater.
		Because the nerpa has more genetic characteristics in common with the Arctic seal, it is a puzzle to scientists how it came to pass that the nerpa's habitat is a freshwater lake thousands of miles away from the sea (6).
		During its evolution, the nerpa also became more graceful, its skin became a silvery-grey color, and it gained two liters of blood which enabled it to swim underwater for nearly 70 minutes (6).
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /biology/b103/f00/web1/gallagher.html (1475 words)

	Hazardous Wastes
		Since its inception, NERPA has been implemented effectively and creatively on numerous clean up jobs in an industry that has been primarily non-union.
		The NERPA implementation process is similar to the process used for the National Maintenance Agreement.
		The reliability and professionalism of the IUOE's work force is necessary to encourage contractors' continued use of NERPA on future projects.
	www.iuoe.org /construction/hazardous_wastes.htm (170 words)

	LakeNet - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		"Of the 4,000 ice holes outside the dens of the female nerpa we inspected in the northern sector of the lake this spring, over 3,000 of them had been netted and not a single young seal was discovered," said Roman Pukhalov, coordinator of a Greenpeace anti-poaching expedition in April.
		Greenpeace has called for an immediate ban on all hunting before the nerpa is wiped out, allowing only a limited harvest of seals by local residents as part of "traditional nature management" and a small catch for scientific research.
		With funds severely limited and many other demands on the region's budget, many think that while the political will exists in principle to tackle seal poaching, the lake and the nerpa are simply not a priority at the moment.
	www.worldlakes.org /shownews.asp?newsid=49 (2304 words)

	Nerpa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		They and two subspecies of the Ringed Seal are the only seals to spendtheir whole lives in fresh water.
		The total population is estimated to be over 60,000 animals, and hunting was practiced widely in the past (officially andunofficially), but has been put under tighter restrictions recently because of declining numbers.
		Hunting Nerpa on frozen LakeBaikal is a dangerous activity, and many hunters drowned every year pursuing them.
	www.therfcc.org /nerpa-280718.html (190 words)

	12/05/00 -- Mysterious Deaths Deepen Concerns About Russia’s “Sacred Lake”
		The latest evidence that something is wrong with the water was found in June 1999, when the bodies of 78 nerpa seals washed up on shores near the villages of Utulik and Baykalsk.
		Nerpas have suffered mysterious mass die-offs before: in the 1930s, in 1988, and again in 1997.
		For now, most scientists agree that the nerpa seals and other species found nowhere else in the world—including the omul salmon—are not in danger of extinction due to the huge size of the lake and its ability to regenerate its waters.
	www.forests.org /archive/europe/mydedeep.htm (870 words)

	Nerpa goes on strike on June 19 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The manager of Nerpa has gone to Moscow several times, and almost succeeded in March when promised a 2.7 million USD transferral.
		Along with repair work on nuclear-powered submarines and conventional vessels of the Northern Fleet, Nerpa Yard is involved in nuclear-powered subs decommissioning operations.
		By the beginning of May a plasma torch for cutting subs' hulls was installed at Nerpa, having been delivered from the US as part of the arms reduction agreements.
	www.bellona.no /en/international/russia/navy/northern_fleet/general/7621.html (415 words)

	Rusland - Toerinfo & recepten -Realitynet.nl
		Ook vind je nergens anders een vis met de naam Omoel, die overal gerookt wordt aangeboden en erg smakelijk is. Rond het meer zijn drie natuurparken, in totaal meer dan een miljoen hectares en alleen toegankelijk voor wetenschappers.
		De Nerpa is één van de kleinste zeehondensoorten ter wereld en zij is de enige soort die uitsluitend in heel schoon, zoet water kan leven.
		Er is nog veel onduidelijk omtrent dit bijzondere dier, maar het grootste mysterie van de Nerpa is wel, dat niemand precies weet hoeveel van deze dieren er in het Baikalmeer leven.
	www.pekingexpress.org /index.php?p=pe1-ruslandbaikal (715 words)

	GNF - Protection project
		Club Firn and the tourist company Firn Travel, which are engaged in promoting sustainable ecological tourism on Baikal, have partnered with the Zabaikalsky National Park on a project to make tourists’ visits to nerpa colonies more environmentally friendly and at the same time informative and enjoyable.
		As a part of Club Firn and Firn Travel tours to the Ushkany Islands, special attention is focused on nerpa protection measures; moreover, they are working proactively to sensitize their colleagues at tour business operators to the issues at stake and to promote their observance of wise visitation regulations.
		Through awareness raising, PR campaign measures, and partnership initiatives with stakeholders, project organizers are promoting concerted action and a comprehensive approach to nerpa protection.
	www.globalnature.org /docs/02_vorlage_asp_id~20953_domid~1011_sp~E_addlastid~0_m1~11089_m2~11103_m3~11178_m4~11395_m5~20953_suma~.htm (587 words)

	Encyclopedia: Caspian Sea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Endemic, in a broad sense, can mean belonging or native to, characteristic of, or prevalent in a particular geography, race, field, area, or environment; Native to an area or scope.
		Binomial name Phoca sibirica Gmelin, 1788 The Nerpa or Baikal Seal (Phoca sibirica) is a species of earless seal endemic to Lake Baikal, a huge freshwater lake in Siberia near the border with Mongolia).
		As well as recently discovered oil fields, large natural gas supplies are also in evidence, though further exploration is needed to define their full potential.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Caspian-Sea (2583 words)

	Chap. 6: Decommissioning of nuclear submarines - The Russian Northern Fleet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		American cutting tools have already been delivered to the Nerpa yards, including a plasma torch for Nerpa and several other tools to the Severodvinsk yards.[498] From the point of view of the United States, it makes sense to deliver equipment which facilitates the removal of the submarines' missile compartments.
		The construction of a decommissioning facility at Nerpa began in 1993 and is scheduled to be completed in 1996.
		Reactor compartments which are processed in Severodvinsk and Nerpa are towed to Sayda Bay where they are moored to piers for temporary storage until a permanent facility can be established.
	www.spb.org.ru /bellona/ehome/russia/nfl/nfl6.htm (6288 words)

	Nerpa
		The Nerpa (or Baikal seal) is a species of earless seal endemic to Lake Baikal (a huge freshwater lake in Russian Siberia near the border with Mongolia).
		They are the only seals to spend their whole lives in fresh water
		The total population is estimated to be over 60 000 animals, and hunting was practiced widely in the past (officially and unofficially), but has been put under tighter restrictions recently because of declining numbers.
	www.fastload.org /ne/Nerpa.html (217 words)

	Nerpa workers received part of their salary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		On July 15 Nerpa Yard received some 900,000 USD from Moscow, covering a part of the salary arrears; while the employees of Naval yard no. 82 (in Safonovo, not far from Severomorsk) ran a blockage of an automobile road on July 16, demanding salary payback.
		Having run out of patience waiting for their salaries, the workers organised a strike committee which decided to go on strike, actually halting the work at the yard on June 23.
		On July 15 Nerpa finally received some 900,000 USD to cover a part of the salary debts, thus easing the tensed social situation among the workers.
	193.71.199.52 /en/international/russia/navy/northern_fleet/general/7631.html (569 words)

	Listvyanka: the Baikal museum
		The most famous of which is the Baikal freshwater seal, called nerpa (also here).
		The Museum is currently converting part of its building into a large aquarium that will soon show the nerpa to the public.
		The idea behind this is to minimize the disturbance to the population of seals in the wild that is already being threatened by overhunting and poachers.
	www.mkolar.org /travel/Sibir/museum/index.html (330 words)

	Baikal Explorer - Travel to Baikal - Listvyanka
		Together with the explorers of Baikal group members will be omitted on its maximum depth of 1637 m.
		The aquarium with Baikal endemic seal 'Nerpa' now is situated right at the Baikal museum.
		It is said that Nerpa is the only fresh water seal in the world.
	www.baikalex.com /travel/listvyanka.html (834 words)

	WWW Irkutsk: The Word Lake Baikal (New Scientist) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It can endure the immense pressures at the very bottom of the lake, swimming freely where - according to local scientists - you'd have trouble firing a cannon ball.
		Then there's the Baikal seal, or nerpa, which can dive to 300 metres and go for 70 minutes between breaths.
		The nerpa's nearest relatives are several thousand kilometres away, which raises the question, how did it get to Baikal?
	www.icc.ru /fed/newscientist.html (441 words)

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