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Topic: Network transparency

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Transparency

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Pacific War Council

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	Neural networks
		The network learns by adjusting the weights based on comparing the output unit activation levels to the correct level as determined by the user's indication of which letter he drew.
		Unsupervised learning: the network learns to classify input patterns into categories based on similarity, with no explicit feedback from a teacher as to which category an item belongs to or whether a given classification is correct.
		The network learning algorithms we have considered thus far have all been examples of supervised learning - the network is taught by a teacher who knows the correct output for each input pattern to be presented.
	www.cs.gordon.edu /courses/cs371/lectures-2003/neural.html (5760 words)

	Network transparency: Just the facts... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		This kind of transparency (The quality of being clear and transparent) is referred to as network transparency or distribution transparency.
		Location transparency in commands used to perform a task is independent both of the locations of the data, and the system on which an operation is carried out.
		Naming transparency means that a unique name is provided for each object in the database.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/n/ne/network_transparency.htm (199 words)

	[No title]
		Since lower-level network resources are shared among many different users with different applications, the complexity of potential interactions among independent users rises with the complexity of the behaviors that the users or applications can request.
		To maintain the largest degree of network transparency, then, the end-to-end principle requires that the semantics of any active features be carefully constrained so that interactions among different users of a shared lower level can be predicted by a designer who is using the services and functions of that active layer.
		Thus, even though active network ideas are not ruled out by end-to-end arguments, we have not seen practical, high-impact examples of a sufficiently simple, flexible, and transparent programming semantics suitable for use in lower levels of networks.
	web.mit.edu /Saltzer/www/publications/endtoend/ANe2ecomment.txt (1746 words)

	Network Transparent languages \| Lambda the Ultimate
		Are there any network transparent languages apart from Mozart(Oz) and Google's Sawzall(to some extent).I have tried searching on this subject, but nothing significant turned up.I have not even found any references to such languages in any of the programming language (text) books.
		It is transparent (since running in one process has the same language semantics as running in many) and it gives a good solution both for partial failure and for latency.
		Network transparency implies the code runs the same, unchanged, no matter where it is, and/or where it's other (sub)?elements of it are running.
	lambda-the-ultimate.org /node/view/1142 (1257 words)

	RFC 2956 (rfc2956) - Overview of 1999 IAB Network Layer Workshop
		The goal of the workshop was to discuss the current state of the Network Layer and the impact various currently deployed or future mechanisms and technologies might have on the continued growth and usage of the Internet.
		There are multiple causes for the loss of transparency, for example the deployment of network address translation devices, the use of private addresses, firewalls and application level gateways, proxies and caches.
		Increased deployment causes a further decline of network transparency and this inhibits the deployment of new applications.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc2956.html (4114 words)

	RFC 2775 (rfc2775) - Internet Transparency
		This document was used as input to the IAB workshop on the future of the network layer held in July 1999.
		The causes of this loss of transparency are partly artefacts of parsimonious allocation of the limited address space available to IPv4, and partly the result of broader issues resulting from the widespread use of TCP/IP technology by businesses and consumers.
		The current network level security model [RFC 2401] was constructed prior to the recognition that end- to-end address transparency was under severe threat.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc2775.html (5146 words)

	3M Meeting Network - Transparency Film and Framing Buyer's Guide
		Transparencies, also known as overheads, view-graphs, foils and acetates, are placed on an overhead projector which then displays the transparency's image on a screen or wall.
		Most of us probably first saw transparencies in the classroom, where teachers have been using them for years to communicate ideas to their students.
		These days, transparencies are used in a variety of outlets, including business meetings where they are still a great option for enhancing presentations.
	www.3m.com /meetingnetwork/products/product_guide_transparency.html (540 words)

	Operation and Maintenance for an All-Optical Transport Network
		This network enhancement provides a lot of benefits for network operators and users, such as efficient transport and routing of multigigabit streams, simple network adaptation to new or changing requirements, evolution from today s transport network, and reuse of existing infrastructure.
		It should be noted that even in a transparent network there are restrictions on the physical parameters of the signal offered by the source (i.e., input power, optical frequency, or bandwidth cannot be arbitrary).
		At this point the intended transparency of the optical network may cause some difficulty because the regenerator section AIS the optical path layer has to provide is dependent on the client.
	www.comsoc.org /ci1/private/1996/nov/Huber.html (4605 words)

	World First Wireless Optimizer Technology From Exinda
		In Australia, wireless networks are becoming commonplace in offices as an alternative to inflexible hardwired data cabling.
		Wireless networking is frequently slower than cable because, until now, it has been impossible to identify problems in a radio frequency-based network.
		WRS allows an IT department to track the network efficiency of a wireless network as well as track users (including hackers) and ensure optimum operation of the network by identifying problems such as software conflicts and inefficiencies.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/04-18-2005/0003431343&EDATE= (594 words)

	IBM Research \| Technical Paper Search \| Network Transparency: The plaNET Approach (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The successful deployment of such networks will clearly depend on a wide range of factors such as cost and technology, but we believe that foremost among all is how well they will support existing and future {\em applications.} Emphasizing an application oriented perspective is one of the main motivation of this paper.
		We denote by {\em ``transparency''} the ability of a network to transport application information while altering or manipulating it as little as possible, and we believe it will be key to the acceptance of high-speed networks.
		In particular, we argue that a ``transparent'' data transfer mechanism can be provided that is both compatible with current standard proposals such as ATM and Frame Relay, and offers applications the choice of the data transfer mode that best meet their needs.
	domino.research.ibm.com /library/cyberdig.nsf/1e4115aea78b6e7c85256b360066f0d4/c0ee726140d03734852565930064a8cc?OpenDocument (271 words)

	The Gnomon Workshop - Transparency Shadows
		This creates problems if you have transparency mapped objects, as is the case with the wall.
		A transparency mapped object casting Dmap shadows which can be efficiently managed in regards to quality and render time.
		While the focus of our discussion was transparency shadows, the concept of having a 'shadow object' is a common production technique used to speed up render time.
	www.thegnomonworkshop.com /tutorials/transparency_shadows/trans_shadow.html (859 words)

	Net transparency on the way says Sprint. But is it enough? - TechUpdate - ZDNet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		For computer users, the room for improvement is the distance between the chore of integrating various technologies (phones, handhelds, PCs, networks) and the transparency and abstraction of true convergence.
		Walker's ultimate goal is for that transparency to produce a data and voice experience that's totally agnostic to the underlying infrastructure.
		Network transparency is simply a requirement today and it's a sham that we don't have it already.
	techupdate.zdnet.com /techupdate/stories/main/0,14179,2914758,00.html (1182 words)

	RFC2775
		Another aspect, in which the behaviour of the network and that of the end-systems interact in a complex way, is performance, in a generalised sense.
		When the catenet concept (a network of networks) was first described by Cerf in 1978 [IEN 48] following an earlier suggestion by Pouzin in 1974 [CATENET], a clear assumption was that a single logical address space would cover the whole catenet (or Internet as we now know it).
		Network address translators (NATs) are an almost inevitable consequence of the existence of Intranets using private addresses yet needing to communicate with the Internet at large.
	www.scit.wlv.ac.uk /appdocs/rfcs/rfc27xx/RFC2775.html (4957 words)

	Public Policy Management and Transparency
		At the end of this important period of the discussion cycle on civil service systems, and bearing in mind the priority of strengthening public sector management, with an emphasis on managing for results, the issue that has been selected for the new cycle is fiscal policy effectiveness.
		During this new stage, the objective of the Network's efforts will be to strengthen countries' capacity to manage for results by sharing knowledge, experiences, and good practices with respect to the design, execution, monitoring, and evaluation of policies, strategies, programs, and projects in a manner consistent with the efficient use and allocation of public-sector resources.
		The Meeting of the Public Policy Management and Transparency Network: Development Effectiveness and Result-Based Fiscal Policy, was celebrated on May 23 and 24, 2005.
	www.iadb.org /int/DRP/ing/Red5/transpmain.htm (281 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Network operating systems are designed to support communication and resource sharing between nodes in a distributed system.
		A network OS doesn’t try to hide the fact that there are multiple separate computers in the system; e.g., a user who wanted to run a process at another location would have to specifically request permission to do so.
		Transparency: the property of hiding low-level details from users (making them “invisible”); thus providing a logical view of the system that doesn’t necessarily reflect what the system actually is like.
	www.cs.uah.edu /~weisskop/cs690_dist_syst.doc (1165 words)

	NAL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Network Analytics provides software designed by our Enterprise clients for Cost Transparency and Chargeback of wide area networks.
		We provide visibility into network bandwidth consumption and costs that management are responsible for but, until now, have not had the capabilities to view, analyse, report or take action on.
		We focus on Wide Area Networks from a business perspective for so that our clients achieve better management that maximises the return on capital spent on communications and infrastructure.
	www.network-analytics.com (162 words)

	[No title]
		Kaat Informational [Page 3] RFC 2956 1999 IAB Network Layer Workshop October 2000 Another consequence of fragmentation is the deployment of "split DNS" or "two faced DNS", which means that the correspondence between a given FQDN and an IPv4 address is no longer universal and stable over long periods (see section 2.7).
		Kaat Informational [Page 4] RFC 2956 1999 IAB Network Layer Workshop October 2000 Several technologies at this moment use tunneling techniques to overcome the problem or cannot be deployed in the case of separate address spaces.
		Kaat Informational [Page 11] RFC 2956 1999 IAB Network Layer Workshop October 2000 3.6 Recommendations on Routing The only known addressing scheme which produces scalable routing mechanisms depends on topologically aggregated addresses, which requires that sites renumber when their position in the global topology changes.
	www.cse.ohio-state.edu /cs/Services/rfc/rfc-text/rfc2956.txt (4148 words)

	Breaking the Network Barrier / KDE: From the Source :: OSDir.com :: Open Source, Linux News & Software
		Network files are accessible as readily and easily as local files from most applications.
		These handlers implement a specific network protocol such as HTTP, FTP, or IMAP, and transparently interact with applications when they try to open a URL that requires that protocol.
		The integrated networking layer is certainly one of the strongest points of innovation in KDE.
	osdir.com /Article2159.phtml (1799 words)

	RFC2956
		By the notion "deployment of end to end transport" it is meant that it is a goal to be able to deploy new applications that span from any host to any other host without intermediaries, and this requires transport protocols with similar span (see also [1]).
		In the discussions transparency was referred to as the original Internet concept of a single universal logical addressing scheme and the mechanisms by which packets may flow from source to destination essentially unaltered [1].
		Operational stability of DNS is paramount, especially during a transition of the network layer, and both IPv6 and some network address translation techniques place a heavier burden on DNS.
	www.scit.wlv.ac.uk /rfc/rfc29xx/RFC2956.html (4124 words)

	Alternative Solutions
		Transparency mechanisms can be implemented in a number of places, including the client, network, network routers, or at the service site.
		Magic Routers also require a special network topology which may not be feasible in all situations.
		Proposals for Active Networks allow for computation to take place in network routers as packets are routed to their destination.
	www.usenix.org /publications/library/proceedings/ana97/full_papers/yoshikawa/yoshikawa_html/node2.html (699 words)

	[No title]
		Carpenter Informational [Page 2] RFC 2775 Internet Transparency February 2000 This document does not discuss the routing implications of address space, nor the implications of quality of service management on router state, although both these matters interact with transparency to some extent.
		Carpenter Informational [Page 4] RFC 2775 Internet Transparency February 2000 This concept had two clear consequences - packets could flow essentially unaltered throughout the network, and their source and destination addresses could be used as unique labels for the end systems.
		Carpenter Informational [Page 12] RFC 2775 Internet Transparency February 2000 5.2.1.3 A final sub-sub-scenario is the "map and encapsulate" model in which address translation is replaced by systematic encapsulation of all packets for wide-area transport.
	www.ietf.org /rfc/rfc2775.txt (5232 words)

	[No title]
		Network of branch office computers \bf{Goals} \bf{Advantages of Distributed Systems over Centralized Systems} - Economics: a collection of microprocessors offer a better price/performance than mainframes.
		- Migration Transparency: resources must be free to move from one location to another without their names changed.
		Communication Networks computers are connected through a communication network C1.
	www.cis.upenn.edu /~lee/cse480/480/Lec1.intro (1138 words)

	CipherOptics: Gigabit Ethernet Encryption
		Securing data in motion is moving to the forefront of security priorities as organizations migrate from costly leased lines lower cost to IP networks.
		This move is happening to reduce networking costs, and to increase bandwidth affordably.
		However, there are inherent vulnerabilities in IP that make your network susceptible to security breaches, including eavesdropping, tampering and denial-of-service attacks.
	www.cipheroptics.com /products/cosg100.html (239 words)

	CS 410 Lecture Notes (Chapter 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Security can become a problem since a computer is most secure if it minimizes network connections and computer is retained in a locked room.
		A single network, backplane or bus cable that connects all machines.
		* R eplication transparency: Users or applications are not aware of multiple instancesof information objects, used to increase reliability and performance.
	www1.math.luc.edu /~lincke/410-1.html (1846 words)

	Sheer Networks - business strength through network transparency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		From the earliest planning stages to final deployment and beyond, knowledge transfer is an important component of your Sheer Networks solution.
		Sheer BOS network simulators are utilized as an integral part of all Sheer training courses.
		They bring a rich networking environment into the classroom that facilitates the practice of real-life scenarios.
	www.sheernetworks.com /services/train.shtml (180 words)

	Transparency Problem in the Distributed Database System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		According to Chris Data's Requirements, transparency problem in the distributed database system has three sub-problems: location transparency, transaction transparency and implementation transparency which mean neither users nor programmers need to know where or how the data are stored; which network communication protocol is obliged to; and what platform, operating system and programming language are used.
		Wonderful Transparency The technology makes the database application has the ability to run on all kinds of platforms and to communicate with all kinds of databases.
		It is VisiBroker who enables intranet transparency to client and it is VisiChannel who enables database systems transparency to servers who are running on the intranet.
	www.cs.uah.edu /~thinke/CS687/Fall97/Tech/teng.html (2319 words)

	Active Networking and End-To-End Arguments
		Some twenty years have elapsed since we identified and named end-to-end arguments[1], a class of system design principles that organize and guide the placement of function within a system.
		On the one hand, programmability appears to contradict the end-to-end principle that a function or service should be carried out within a network layer only if it is needed by all clients of that layer, and it can be completely implemented in that layer
		While making lower layers more active or programmable is likely to enhance application autonomy, the risk is that programmable lower layers may reduce network transparency.
	web.mit.edu /Saltzer/www/publications/endtoend/ANe2ecomment.html (1721 words)

	Network Transparency and the Multi-Root Filesystem - OSNews.com
		Network Transparency and the Multi-Root Filesystem - OSNews.com
		A unified, transparent network access for many protocols does not remove the need for dedicated protocol handling libraries for specialist programs.
		It is worth mentioning an additional feature for the interested OS developer to research: auto-mounting archives and encrypted files transparently, e.g.
	www.osnews.com /story.php?news_id=7907 (553 words)

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