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MedlinePlus: Neural Tube Defects The primary NIH organization for research on Neural Tube Defects is the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Neural tube defects are birth defects of the brain and spinal cord. The two most common neural tube defects are spina bifida and anencephaly. www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/neuraltubedefects.html   (328 words)

* Neural tube defects - (Pregnancy & Parenting): Definition   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30) Neural tube defects: Abnormalities in the spinal cord. Neural tube defects are serious abnormalities that occur in the early growth of the baby's brain and spinal cord. The neural tube is a embryonic structure in the developing fetus that forms the spinal cord and brain... www.bestknows.com /pregnancy/neural_tube_defects.html   (1321 words)

Neural tube -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30) Formation of the neural tube is the result of an invagination of the (The outer germ layer that develops into skin and nervous tissue) ectoderm following (The process in which a gastrula develops from a blastula by the inward migration of cells) gastrulation. Normally the closure of the neural tube occurs around the 30th day after (Creation by the physical union of male and female gametes; of sperm and ova in an animal or pollen and ovule in a plant) fertilization. Among the most common tube defects are (A defect in brain development resulting in small or missing brain hemispheres) anencephaly, encephalocele, and (A not uncommon congenital defect in which a vertebra is malformed; unless several vertebrae are affected or there is myelomeningocele there are few symptoms; can be diagnosed by amniocentesis) spina bifida. www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/n/ne/neural_tube.htm   (327 words)

[Clinical Preventive Services] Screening for Neural Tube Defects -- Including Folic Acid/Folate Prophylaxis   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30) The birth prevalence of neural tube defects has declined substantially over the past 60 years.3,4 Neural tube defects are reported in 3.6-4.6/ 10,000 live births in the United States.3,5 These rates underestimate true incidence, however, because affected pregnancies may be spontaneously or electively aborted and because not all cases are detected and reported at birth. Of eight neural tube defects occurring in the screened group, seven were detected by screening and electively aborted, reducing the birth prevalence by 88%, to 0.13/1,000 screened women. Prevalence of neural tube defects in 20 regions of Europe and the impact of prenatal diagnosis, 1980-1986. cpmcnet.columbia.edu /texts/gcps/gcps0052.html   (5236 words)

Code of Federal Regulations: 21 CFR 101.79 - Health claims: Folate and neural tube defects Because the neural tube forms and closes during early pregnancy, the defect may occur before a woman realizes that she is pregnant. The single greatest risk factor for a neural tube defect-affected pregnancy is a personal or family history of a pregnancy affected with a such a defect. The protective effect found in studies of lower dose folate measured by the reduction in neural tube defect incidence, ranges from none to substantial; a reasonable estimate of the expected reduction in the United States is 50 percent. www.cfsan.fda.gov /~lrd/CF101-79.HTML   (1605 words)

Neural Tube Defects   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30) Neural tube defects (NTDs) are one of the most common birth defects. NTDs result when the neural tube (which includes the spinal cord and brain) fails to close during the first month of embryonic development. NTDs include several disorders ranging from spina bifida (incomplete closure of the bones around the spinal cord that can lead to paralysis) to a lack of a cranium (the bones of the head) and its contents, called anencephaly. stress-medicine.org /health-dictionary/neural_tube_defects_592_prd1.php   (673 words)

Neural Tube Defects from Even One Gene - Healthy Kids and Pediatrics - health and medical information produced by ... Background: Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common birth defects of the brain and spinal cord that include anencephaly and spina bifida (meningomyelocele). Neural tube defects are a class of birth defects affecting the brain and spinal cord. In anencephaly, a fatal neural tube defect, the brain and skull are grossly underdeveloped. www.medicinenet.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=32779   (826 words)

Folic acid article - Folic acid vitamin neural tube defects Folic acid pregnancy Folic acid - What-Means.com   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30) Neural tube defects result in malformations of the spine (Spina bifida), skull, and brain (anencephaly) (10). The risk of neural tube defects is significantly reduced when supplemental folic acid is consumed in addition to a healthful diet prior to and during the first month following conception (5, 22, 23). Periconceptional use of multivitamins and the occurrence of neural tube defects. www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Folic_acid   (3825 words)

Periconceptional Use of Folic Acid for Reduction of the Risk of Neural Tube Defects Neural tube defects are congenital malformations produced during intrauterine life by failure of closure of the neural tube, which eventually forms the central nervous system. Neural tube defects are one of the most common congenital malformations seen among live-born infants in Canada and represent, after cardiac malformations, the second most prevalent congenital malformation associated with mortality in the immediate perinatal period. In Canada, the incidence of neural tube defects is between 1 and 4 cases per 1000 live births, with the highest rates occurring in Atlantic Canada; rates decline as one proceeds from east to west. www.cps.ca /english/statements/DT/dt95-01.htm   (2415 words)

Neural Tube Defects Spina bifida is caused by disturbances in the closure of the neural tube. This is the most common neural tube defect and often occurs before the women realises she is pregnant. A shunt is a flexible tube placed into the ventricular system of the brain which diverts the flow of CSF into another region of the body, most often the abdominal cavity or a chamber of the heart, where it can be absorbed. www.btinternet.com /~tetheredcordresources/ntds.htm   (951 words)

NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30) The mice closely mimic humans in the appearance of NTD as well as in their response to folic acid, which is known to reduce the incidence of NTD. NTD occurs when the neural tube, containing cells that eventually form the brain and spinal cord, fails to seal during fetal development, causing nerve tissue to spill out from either the skull area, a condition called anencephaly, or the backbone, a condition called spina bifida. NTD is believed to affect one in 2,000 births, though it may be higher because accurate counts are not kept in the United States. www1.umn.edu /urelate/datebook/1999/99_11neural.html   (481 words)

Folic Acid & Neural Tube Defects Two recent, highly recognized studies have shown that the risk of neural tube defects in the low risk population can be lowered significantly, both statistically and clinically, by the use of folic acid. Neural tube defects, including spina bifida, anencephaly, and congenital hydrocephalus, are the most common, and second only to congenital heart defects in causing infant mortality. Researchers believe that neural tube defects in humans are caused by a combination of multiple genetic and environmental factors (Laurence, 1990). www.theberries.ns.ca /Archives/neural.html   (658 words)

Neural Tube Defects Secondary neurulation: Neural tube of lower sacral and coccygeal regions by canalization of a solid cord of cells. Defects can be as a result of neural tube defects, or independent skeletal formation defects. Meningocele: Vertebral defect with cystic lesion in the lumbosacral region, with herniation of the dura and arachnoid. webhome.idirect.com /~brainology/brainology/devpath_1_neuraltube.html   (754 words)

EID Vol 3 No 2: Lack of Serologic Evidence for an Association between Cache Valley Virus Infection and Anencephaly and ... This investigation followed a 1990 and 1991 south Texas outbreak of neural tube defects with a high prevalence of anencephaly and the demonstration in 1987 that in utero infection by CVV was the cause of outbreaks of central nervous system and musculoskeletal defects in North American ruminants. Anencephaly, spina bifida, and encephalocele (the major types of neural tube defects) are generally due to the failure of the neural tube to close during early embryonic development (1). A neural tube defect surveillance and folic acid intervention project were implemented in 1993, and a case-control study was begun in mid-1995. www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol3no2/edwards.htm   (1713 words)

Neural Tube Defects, NTDs The neural tube later becomes the baby’s spinal cord, spine, brain, and skull. A neural tube defect (NTD) occurs when the neural tube fails to close properly, leaving the developing brain or spinal cord exposed to the amniotic fluid. Anencephaly is a fatal condition in which the upper end of the neural tube fails to close. www.habibintl.com /ntds.htm   (344 words)

Neural Tube Defects Decrease With Folic Acid Fortification Neural Tube Defects Decrease With Folic Acid Fortification (May 14, 2005) -- A new study examines whether the recent decline in neural tube defects in Chile was due to the addition of folic acid to wheat flour in that country or to pre-existing decreasing... Recent data in Chile have suggested that the incidence of the neural tube defects spina bifida and anencephaly (a fatal condition that results in malformation of the brain) have significantly declined since January 2000, when wheat flour began to be fortified with folic acid. While the prevalence rates of neural tube defects did not significantly change between the two pre-fortified periods, the rate of spina bifida decreased by 51 percent and the rate of anencephaly decreased by 46 percent in the 2001-2002 period. www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/05/050513230056.htm   (556 words)

Case Based Pediatrics Chapter Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a group of birth defects which are associated with a defective closure of the neural tube and the subsequent development of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). Spina bifida, the most common NTD, means "split spine" in Latin and is a result of failure of the neural tube to close during the 3rd-5th week of pregnancy. Myelodysplasia refers to defects of spinal cord development, which commonly occurs with spina bifida; however not necessarily associated with failure of fusion of the arches of the vertebral spine, so this could include entities such as syringomyelia and diastematomyelia. www.hawaii.edu /medicine/pediatrics/pedtext/s18c10.html   (2151 words)

Neural Tube Defects (NTD) Neural tube defects (NTDs) are one of the most common birth defects, occurring in approximately one in 1,000 live births in the United States. Neural tube defects are considered a complex disorder because they are caused by a combination of multiple genes and multiple environmental factors. The formation of the neural tube during development is a complex process, and the goal of our project is to discover the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to NTDs. www.chg.duke.edu /diseases/ntd.html   (1439 words)

Large Women and Neural Tube Defects The authors explored several possible explanations for obese women having higher NTD risk, such as dietary folate intake, zinc intake, amount of dietary fat, use of a prenatal vitamin, dieting before pregnancy or in early pregnancy, alcohol use, etc. None of these parameters were found to be statistically significant. The NTD rates of large women with excellent nutrition, stable weights, and regular exercise programs should be compared to the NTD rates attributed to overall populations and also to that of obese, sedentary, poorly-nourished women and those who have dieted recently or chronically. The risk of neural tubes defects in the general population is less than 0.2%; even if this risk is doubled or even quadrupled it still amounts to a risk of less than or equal to 0.8% (and probably less). www.plus-size-pregnancy.org /neuraltubedefects.htm   (7091 words)

[No title] Depending on the size and the location of the neural tube defect, some children may experience limited feeling and movement of the lower limbs, loss of bowel and bladder control, and mental handicap. This test alone can't diagnose a neural tube defect but, if there is a significant increase in the maternal serum alpha fetoprotein level, counseling and further testing would be available. This is because at least 50% of all pregnancies are unplanned, and the neural tube closes before a woman even knows that she is pregnant. www.crha-health.ab.ca /health_info/mat_new/FolicAcidNeuralTube.htm   (896 words)

Neural Tube Defects   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30) Neural tube defects or NTDs are one of the multifactoral birth defects. A number of tests are available to diagnose neural tube defects before a baby is born. It was approved by FDA in the early 1980s as a prenatal test for neural tube defects (a second approved use is as an aid for a certain kind of testicular cancer). www.birthsource.com /scripts/article.asp?articleid=106   (892 words)

ipedia.com: Neural tube Article   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30) In gestation, the human neural tube gives rise to three vesicles: the rhombencephalon, the mesencephalon and the prosencephalon. Among the most common tube defects are anencephaly, encephalocele, and spina bifida. Research has shown that women with folic acid deficiences also have a higher chance of having a child with a neural tube defect, however this is only one factor. www.ipedia.com /neural_tube.html   (235 words)

Combatting neural tube defects Neural tube defects (NTD) are one category of defects that can be reduced by simply taking a prenatal vitamin with folic acid. A recent Gallup survey showed only 24 percent of women knew that folic acid prevents birth defects, and 12 percent were aware that it should be taken before conception. Neural tube defects are the second most common congenital anomaly in the United States, occurring about once every 1,000 births. www.suntimes.com /output/streicher/cst-ftr-obgyn12.html   (372 words)

eMedicine - Neural Tube Defects : Article by George Jallo, MD Neural tissue is exposed with associated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage. Neural tissue is not exposed and the defect is fully epithelialized, although the skin covering the defect may be dysplastic. The most common presentation of a closed NTD is an obvious abnormality along the spine such as a fluid-filled cystic mass, area of hypopigmentation or hyperpigmentation, cutis aplasia, congenital dermal sinus, capillary telangiectasia/hemangioma, hairy patch (hypertrichosis), skin appendages, or asymmetrical gluteal cleft. www.emedicine.com /NEURO/topic244.htm   (2939 words)

Screening: Neural Tube Defects   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30) The offering of screening for neural tube defects by maternal serum a-fetoprotein (MSAFP) measurement is recommended for all pregnant women who are seen for prenatal care in locations that have adequate counseling and follow-up services available. There is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against the offering of screening for neural tube defects by midtrimester ultrasound examination to all pregnant women, but recommendations against such screeening may be made on other grounds. Daily multivitamins with folic acid to reduce the risk of neural tube defects are recommended for all women who are planning or capable of pregnancy. www.ahrq.gov /clinic/uspstf/uspsneur.htm   (122 words)

HON Mother & Child Glossary, Neural Tube Defects Neural tube defects (NTDs) are serious birth defects that involve incomplete development of the brain, spinal cord and/or protective coverings for these organs. Spina bifida is the most frequently occurring permanently disabling birth defect, affecting approximately one out of every 1,000 newborns in the United States. Recent studies have shown that one factor that increases the risk of having an NTD baby is low folic acid status before conception and during the first few weeks of pregnancy. www.hon.ch /Dossier/MotherChild/birth_disorders/spina_bifida.html   (366 words)

How Folate Can Help Prevent Birth Defects The technical names of the two major neural tube birth defects reduced by adequate folate intake are anencephaly and spina bifida. Those with spina bifida have a defect of the spinal column that can result in varying degrees of handicap, from mild and hardly noticeable cases of scoliosis (a sideways bending of the spine) to paralysis and bladder or bowel incontinence. The evidence indicated that mothers who had never given birth to babies with neural tube defects and who took a multivitamin and mineral supplement with folic acid had less risk in subsequent pregnancies for having babies with neural tube defects than women given a placebo. www.fda.gov /fdac/features/796_fol.html   (1673 words)

Neural Tube Defects - Patient UK Neural Tube Defects - Patient UK PatientPlus articles are written for doctors and so the language can be technical. This causes the medulla to be kinked and the cerebellar vermis to be indented, fourth ventrical elongated and midbrain distorted. Treatment by closure of the defect remains controversial and is not always performed. www.patient.co.uk /showdoc/40000439   (1121 words)

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