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Topic: Neurasthenia

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Silas Weir Mitchell

Thomas Mitchell

The Squire of Gothos

	Neurasthenia: Synonyms and Causes and Treatment
		Neurasthenia covers a wide spectrum of symptoms, including painful sensations or numbness in parts of the body, chronic fatigue, anxiety, and fainting.
		Neurasthenia, the third disorder of the 1870s, was a more prestigious and attractive form of female nervousness than hysteria, although it shared so many of hysteria's symptoms that even specialists could not always distinguish between the two.
		The cause of Neurasthenia remain unknown however like most disorders, certain predisposing factors may play an important part, chief of which may be mentioned heredity factors, occupation (high stress occupations), age (tends to occurs between 20 and 55 years of age), and sex (predominantly see in males).
	www.depressionatoz.com /related-disorders/neurasthenia.htm (248 words)

	Neurasthenia
		Thus we have, as the cardinal symptoms of the indigestion of neurasthenia, atony, delay, and enfeeblement.
		In mild cases of neurasthenia or in convalescent cases cold water is well borne, and is followed by a healthy reaction, but this is not the case when the neurasthenia is at all marked or the vasomotor tone is at all deficient.
		However, cases of neurasthenia are met with which are so profound that the mere effort of sitting up in bed or turning from side to side is sufficient to cause distress.
	www.edgarcayce.org /th/tharchiv/research/neurasth.html (7856 words)

	Neurasthenia: A guide to Neurasthenia
		In the 19th century, there was a disorder called neurasthenia, which was described as a disease in which the patient experienced severe fatigue.
		Neurasthenia is still diagnosed in Oriental countries such as Hong Kong and Taiwan.
		Neurasthenia is a mental disorder triggered by stress or anxiety.
	www.depression-guide.com /neurasthenia.htm (459 words)

	Neurasthenia
		Neurasthenia, the third disorder of the 1870s, was a more prestigious and attractive form of female nervousness than hysteria, although it shared so many of hysteria's symptoms that even specialists could not always distinguish between the two.
		In the United States, neurasthenia was seen as an acceptable and even an impressive illness for men, ideally suited to a capitalistic society and to the identification of masculinity with money and property.
		They maintained that neurasthenia was "neither a modern nor an American disease only" but simply a new name for what they had long called spiral irritation, neuralgic disease, or nervous weakness.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Acropolis/6998/neurasthenia.html (796 words)

	NEURASTHENIA (Gr. veuu... - Online Information article about NEURASTHENIA (Gr. veuu...
		neurasthenia is more particularly defined as cerebral, See also:
		Traumatic neurasthenia is the neurasthenia following See also:
		As in all forms of neurasthenia, the subjective symptoms may be numerous and varied, whereas the objective signs are but few and slight.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /NAN_NEW/NEURASTHENIA_Gr_veuupov_nerve_a.html (650 words)

	Tresorie - SOME OBSERVATIONS ON NEURASTHENIA AND ITS TREATMENT [Neurasthenia & Treatment]
		Briefly stated, neurasthenia, when observed from the beginning through its chronic course, has a period of prodromal symptoms followed by a protracted acute, and succeeded by a still more protracted chronic, state, between the end of which and the beginning of convalescence there is a very vague, often indiscernible, boundary line.
		While neurasthenia in its uncomplicated forms is free from these symptoms, but, as ample experience teaches, often complicated with both of the preceding forms to such an extent that it is often very difficult to tell which is primary and which secondary.
		In these cases of neurasthenia as yet uncomplicated with the hypochondriacal element of introspective nosomania, there is only one unconditional rule to be followed, especially in acquired cases whose evident cause was incessant, conscientious work of mind and body, together with insufficient food and sleep.
	www.homeoint.org /hompath/articles/131.html (7536 words)

	Neurasthenia - Neurasthenia Symptom, Cause, Treatment
		Neurasthenia is characterized by general lassitude, irritability, lack of concentration, worry, and hypochondria and also known Primary Neurasthenia, Cardiac Neurosis, Chronic Asthenia, Da Costa's Syndrome, Effort Syndrome, Functional Cardiovascular Disease, Soldier's Heart and Subacute Asthenia.
		Beard's definition of "neurasthenia" described a condition with symptoms of fatigue, anxiety, headache, impotence, neuralgia and depression.
		Neurasthenia is a mental disorder caused by emotional stress or anxiety.
	www.depression-treatment-help.com /mental-disorders/neurasthenia.htm (314 words)

	[No title]
		But tropical neurasthenia is best understood as a socially constructed disease, and the clues to its causes are to be found in the discourse of its medical proponents, who stressed the interplay between the physiological and neurological effects of the tropical climate and the cultural and psychological effects of colonial life.
		In each instance, the interest in neurasthenia could be read as “a form of cultural criticism” that spoke to the tensions arising from the changes generically characterized as modernization. Neurasthenia came to the colonial tropics with the entry of the United States onto the imperial stage at the turn of the century.
		By attaching the qualifier ‘tropical’ to the nominative ‘neurasthenia’, doctors practicing in Asia and Africa were able to appropriate the new diagnosis to their own purposes, claiming it as a distinct clinical condition that could be traced to the long-standing dangers the colonial tropics were known to pose to the mental health of white residents.
	www.ias.berkeley.edu /SouthAsia/kennedy.doc (5433 words)

	Columns
		Neurasthenia was a catchall word for what was probably a number of different conditions with similar symptoms, including chronic fatigue, weakness, generalized aches and pains, loss of appetite and listlessness.
		Neurasthenia was originally associated with men in urban areas who had office jobs and did "brain-work" in business, literary or professional occupations.
		Neurasthenia was considered by many to be a sign of advancing civilization and of superiority of men who rose above manual labor (Green, 1886).
	www.amtamassage.org /journal/winter03_journal/alookback.htm (2926 words)

	TMH: Culture-Bound Syndromes in China: Shenjing shuairuo (neurasthenia) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Neurasthenia was created as a diagnostic category in the 19th-century United States by a neurologist, George Beard (Kleinman, 1988:100).
		The concept of neurasthenia was introduced to the Chinese medical establishment along with the rest of Western medicine, and it seems to have been enthusiastically adopted.
		According to Kleinman (1981:258-259) neurasthenia is the second most common diagnosis in Chinese psychiatric hospitals, and one of the most common neuropsychological diagnoses in general.
	weber.ucsd.edu /~thall/cbs_neu.html (676 words)

	Exhibit explores the art, science of a Victorian-era disease
		The leading 19th-century medical expert on neurasthenia blamed, among other things, clocks, the telegraph, railway travel, the "brain work" of office tasks and advanced academic study for straining the American nervous system, she wrote.
		"Neurasthenia can be seen as a drama between patients and doctors, played out on the verge of a new century," Williams wrote in an essay that appears in the illustrated catalog published by the museum to accompany the exhibition.
		The diagnosis of neurasthenia, which was a kind of a "catchall," also had a strong psychological component, Williams said.
	news-service.stanford.edu /news/2004/november17/verge-1117.html (864 words)

	NEURASTHENIA - LoveToKnow Article on NEURASTHENIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Traumatic neurasthenia is the neurasthenia following,shock from injury; it is sometimes termed railway spine, railway brain, from the frequency with which it occurs after railway accidents, especially in people of a neryous temperament.
		As in all forms of neurasthenia, the subjective symptoms may be numerot~s and varied, whereas the objective signs are but few and slight.
		It is desirable not only to study the case carefully, but to obtain some knowledge of the previous history of an individual who is claiming damages on account of traumatic neurasthenia.
	31.1911encyclopedia.org /N/NE/NEURASTHENIA.htm (332 words)

	Abortion and Its Discontents Its Discontents
		Neurasthenia, or "nervous exhaustion," was a common psychiatric term in Freud's day, describing the presumed physical and emotional consequences of excessive stress on the nervous system.
		Whereas male neurasthenia typically begins after puberty and expresses itself clearly in the patient's 20s, Freud suggests, female neurasthenia in married women is often "derived from neurasthenia in a man," and "in that case there is almost always an admixture of hysteria and we have the common mixed neurosis of women" (Masson, 1985, p.
		Since the most prevalent and problematic adult stresses where neurasthenia and anxiety neurosis were concerned were in the realm of sexuality, Freud studied the details of sexual satisfaction and frustration among his largely Victorian bourgeois peers.
	www.haverford.edu /psych/ddavis/fabort.html (3594 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The prevalence of neurasthenia defined according to the ICD-10 criteria was: 1% across 10 years and 0.9% in 1988 for a duration criterion of > or = 3 months; and 8.1% across 10 years and 12% in 1988 for a duration criterion of > or = 1 month.
		The clinical significance of neurasthenia was indicated by the magnitude of subjective distress, and occupational and social impairment reported by the majority of the cases.
		Prospective assessment of the longitudinal course of neurasthenia revealed that approximately 50% of the cases continued to exhibit this disorder at follow-up.
	www.immunesupport.com /library/print.cfm?ID=2690&t=CFIDS_FM (353 words)

	Pat Barker's Regeneration -- Critical Contexts -- Neurasthenia
		Neurasthenia was attributed rather vaguely to the stress of everyday life, or, for soldiers, the stress of the trenches.
		Bryce and Rivers go on to discuss how the officer in charge of the Board believes neurasthenia to be the correct diagnosis for Sassoon, even though that same officer had never before supported the notion of "shell-shock." Sassoon's situation is a fitting example of the ambiguity of the diagnosis of neurasthenia.
		Although neurasthenia is not a term many readers are familiar with, its history and societal implications are important when understanding Barker's theme about the fuzzy line separating the sane and the insane.
	www.k-state.edu /english/westmank/regeneration/neurasthenia.blake.html (1443 words)

	Freud-Fliess letters
		A., who since her unmasking as a case of chronic cerebral neurasthenia (if you too want to call it that) and since her miscarriage and the rest has made a splendid recovery with a minimum of treatment and is now very well, sees the summer approaching.
		Neurasthenia in males is acquired at an early age and becomes manifest when the man is in his twenties.
		In rarer cases neurasthenia appears in married women and in older unmarried ones in its pure form; is is then to be regarded as having arisen spontaneously and in the same manner.
	www.haverford.edu /psych/ddavis/f_fliess.html (15834 words)

	Neurasthenia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Neurasthenia is characterized by general lassitude, irritability, lack of concentration, worry, and hypochondria.
		Also known as: Primary Neurasthenia, Cardiac Neurosis, Chronic Asthenia, Da Costa's Syndrome, Effort Syndrome, Functional Cardiovascular Disease, Soldier's Heart and Subacute Asthenia.
		Does not occur in the presence of organic mental disorders, affective disorder, panic or generalized anxiety disorder.
	www.depression-doctor.com /disorders/neurasthenia.htm (603 words)

	Metapsychology Online Book Reviews - Cultures of Neurasthenia
		For Beard, neurasthenia is not only archetypically American and modern, it was also an inevitable and acceptable reaction to the fast pace of urban life and the psychological dislocation it caused.
		Neurasthenia was often considered to be a disease of the elite.
		Neurasthenia may be a case of old wine in new bottles, but as is pointed out, it was ever thus.
	www.mentalhelp.net /books/books.php?id=1273&type=de (1211 words)

	Neurasthenia with associated psychological and physical disorders places heavy demands on primary health care services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A new study of neurasthenia (a condition closely related to chronic fatigue syndrome) in Australia has found that although it is relatively uncommon among people attending general practice, the condition is chronic and often associated with depressive, anxiety and physical disorders.
		Neurasthenia is disabling and, largely because of the psychological and physical problems associated with it, places a high demand on primary health care services.
		people with neurasthenia as a main problem were less disabled and used fewer services than others with neurasthenia who identified affective, anxiety or physical disorders as their main problem.
	www.rcpsych.ac.uk /press/preleases/pr/pr_355.htm (429 words)

	The Disappearance of Neurasthenia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		George Beard, a neurologist, had first described- neurasthenia in 1869 and considered it due to the sufferer's commitments literally over- taxing the nervous system beyond that individual's capacity to do so without adverse consequences.
		Unlike what was to follow, Beard recommended a regimen of rest, in bed or even hospital if necessary, nourishing food, general TLC from relatives, and consideration from employers.
		As a consequence of all this, although the term neurasthenia was used into the twentieth century, it became a hazy concept which largely fell out of use, having little perceived value as a syndrome after about 1920.
	home.vicnet.net.au /~mecfs/general/neurasthenia.html (608 words)

	10. Neurology and Psychiatry
		Beard viewed neurasthenia as a predominantly American societal illness, which resulted from the "nervous exhaustion" produced by an increasingly urbanized society, and which was manifest by a wide range of symptoms.
		Neurasthenia became a mark of status and refinement, and helped reinforce prevalent societal views of class, ethnicity, and gender.
		His brief career focused on neurasthenia, but he also described the "jumping Frenchmen" of Maine, and made original contributions to electrodiagnosis and electrotherapeutics, and to suggestion as a treatment for various afflictions.
	www.aneuroa.org /html/c19html/010-NandP.htm (653 words)

	The Relation of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Neurasthenia
		Edgar Cayce's readings on neurasthenia (and fatigue in general) also focused on the role of toxicity and the importance of improving eliminations.
		Not infrequently there are present associated or secondary symptoms, direct outgrowths of this generalized fatigue; for instance, the patient not infrequently presents a feeling of uncertainty in regard to his movements or in regard to his environment -- i.
		They clearly have not to do with neurasthenia proper, for in a non-neuropathic subject a neurasthenia will always remain a neurasthenia simplex, and true and uncomplicated neurasthenia never terminates in mental disease.
	www.meridianinstitute.com /neurasth.htm (7994 words)

	Charolette Perkins Gilman
		The chief and primary cause of this development and very rapid increase of nervousness is modern civilization, which is distinguished from the ancient by these five characteristics: steam-power, the periodic press, the telegraph, the sciences, and the mental activity of women.
		Neurasthenia was “developed, fostered, and perpetuated with the progress of civilization, with the advance of culture and refinement and the corresponding preponderance of labor of the brain over that of the muscle” (26).
		However, simply stating that neurasthenia acted as a mechanism for keeping women locked within the domestic sphere would be to superficially explain away the complicated experience of women of the time—namely, that the very status of the feminine was in flux, in a state of ambiguity.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Acropolis/6998/gilman.html (8811 words)

	Psychology Today: A cultural cop-out?...Or a glitch in the brain?
		Emotional distress; Comparison to neurasthenia; Nonspecific somatic symptoms; Link between biology and behavior; Biochemical imbalances; Questions whether it is a virus, hormones, or simply a metaphor for modern times.
		As with neurasthenia a century ago, it's a case of people in emotional distress plucking from the cultural climate symptoms regarded as bona fide evidence of disease.
		In neurasthenia, for example, a fixed quantity of nervous energy was thought to fuel the electrically powered nervous system.
	cms.psychologytoday.com /articles/pto-19920301-000003.html (582 words)

	Chapter Four (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Neurasthenia’s symptoms included "loss of appetite, weakness of the back and spine, sleeplessness, sick headaches, fugitive neuralgic pains," which were added to over time to include such symptoms as
		It is clear that neurasthenia is a syndrome that has many of the same characteristics that are today associated with chronic fatigue syndrome and multiple chemical sensitivity.
		This was in keeping with a medical belief of the time that electricity was vital to the body’s well-being and the proper functioning of the nervous system, and therefore applications of electricity would correct errors and faults in body functions.
	www.gulflink.osd.mil /library/randrep/marlowe_paper/mr1018_11_ch4.html (2201 words)

	Cultures of Neurasthenia: From Beard to the First World War (Clio Medica 63) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Neurasthenia, meaning nerve weakness, was ‘invented’ in the United States as a disorder of modernity, caused by the fast pace of urban life.
		Neurasthenia became much less ‘popular’ in Britain or the Netherlands than in Germany.
		Neurasthenia’s heyday continued into the first decade of the twentieth century.
	www.bestsellerreviews.com /p/Roy_Porter/Cultures_of_Neurasthenia_From_Beard_to_the_First_World_War_Clio_Medica_63__9042009217.htm (134 words)

	Journal of Social History: Nervous Breakdown In 20th-Century American Culture
		Another distinction highlighted working-class women, whose neurasthenia resulted from the fact that they were characteristically overworked and often abused by their husbands to boot, and neurasthenic working-class men whose problems resulted from vicious habits such as excessive drink and unbridle d sexuality.
		Unlike nervous breakdown, neurasthenia generated hosts of suggested, professionally-sponsored remedies, including rest cures under the guidance of doctors and the burgeoning group of mental health professionals.
		In the United States, promotion of the term by Abraham Myerson, in the 1920s, added vital support, for he was a nationally prominent research psychiatrist in Boston, instrumental in trying to move psychiatry out of the confinement of asylums and into a broader range of urban problems, including issues of daily life and adjustment.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2005/is_3_33/ai_61372234/pg_2 (1222 words)

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