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Topic: Neuroblast

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Mani Ratnam

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| A mosaic genetic screen for novel mutations affecting Drosophilaneuroblast divisions
		The apical complex has several important functions during neuroblast asymmetric division including the correct orientation of the mitotic spindle along the apical-basal axis of the cell, the displacement of the spindle towards the basal cortex [6,7] and the establishment of a difference in spindle length between its apical and basal halves at anaphase [6,8].
		Although larval neuroblasts do not have a clear apical-basal polarity with respect to the overlying epithelium, such as that defined in embryonic neuroblasts, known apical components localize in a cortical crescent opposite a crescent of known basal components, with the metaphase plate aligned in between (Figure 1C).
		In particular, we have identified a mutation affecting metaphase spindle orientation in neuroblasts, a process which is critical to the correct segregation of cell fate determinants, and another which appears to perturb the size asymmetry of the neuroblast division and the correct establishment of different identities in daughter cells.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2156/7/33 (7713 words)

	Neuroblastoma: Encyclopedia of Medicine
		Current research holds that neuroblastomas develop when cells produced by the fetus (neuroblast cells) fail to mature into normal nerve or adrenal cells and keep growing and proliferating.
		The first symptom of a neuroblastoma is usually an unusual growth or lump, found in most cases in the abdomen of the child, causing discomfort or a sensation of fullness and pain.
		Neuroblast cells—Cells produced by the fetus which mature into nerve cells and adrenal medulla cells.
	health.enotes.com /medicine-encyclopedia/neuroblastoma (1547 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Neuroblasts are undifferentiated in the sense that they can be transplanted into different parts of the brain and they will take on the form and function of cells that are particular to that region.
		Neuroblasts of the neural crest migrate through peripheral tissue and give rise to several types of neurons in the peripheral nervous system.
		One hypothesis concerning why neuroblasts originally display action potentials generated by calcium is that calcium may trigger the insertion of neurotransmitter receptor proteins into the cell surface membrane.
	www.uwm.edu /~rswain/class/FALL99/lect8.html (1542 words)

	Hawkins Laboratory \| Simon Fraser University
		In the mutants, the neurons normally descended from the anterior daughter cell are often duplicated, while the non-neuronal cells produced by the posterior daughter cell are frequently missing.
		In the lineage that generates PHB, the HSN/PHB neuroblast divides asymmetrically to generate a smaller anterior daughter cell that dies and a larger posterior daughter cell, the HSN/PHB precursor.
		A close examination of the HSN/PHB neuroblast division reveals the daughter cell sizes are reversed; the anterior daughter cell is often larger than its posterior sister.
	www.sfu.ca /~nhawkins/research.html (917 words)

	Genome Biology \| Full text \| Human fetal neuroblast and neuroblastoma transcriptome analysis confirms neuroblast origin ...
		Ganglion cells (neuroblasts during development) are the major cell type of chain and truncus ganglia, and extra-adrenal chromaffin cells form the paraganglia, whereas the adrenal gland is composed of adrenal chromaffin cells and, at least during development, sympathetic neuroblasts.
		Neuroblast clusters and adjacent cortical cells (used as controls) were isolated using laser capture microdissection from stained cryosections from three different fetal adrenal glands (glands 1, 2 and 3, which were of gestational ages 20, 19 and 19 weeks, respectively) (Figure 2) and immediately lysed in RNA extraction buffer.
		To further test the validity of the neuroblast gene expression profile, we evaluated the expression of known neuronal and chromaffin markers that were previously studied in human fetal sections [8].
	genomebiology.com /2006/7/9/R84 (6964 words)

	Searle Scholar Profile : Chris Q. Doe (1990)
		To investigate how positional cues in the neuroectoderm lead to the unique specification of individual neuroblasts, we have generated or collected almost two dozen molecular markers to produce a "neuroblast map" in which each neuroblast can be uniquely identified.
		Neuroblasts repeatedly divide to produce a large neuroblast and a smaller GMC.
		To investigate the third question, how does a neuroblast produce a different GMC at each cell cycle, we are doing cell ablation and in vitro culture experiments to see if early-born GMCs signal back to the neuroblast to regulate the fate of later-born GMCs.
	www.searlescholars.net /people/1990/doe.html (869 words)

	The Snail protein family regulates neuroblast expression of inscuteable and string, genes involved in asymmetry and ...
		neuroblast and delaminates from the ectoderm (Bhat, 1998; Rooke and Xu, 1998).
		(E,F) The expression of prospero mRNA is detectable in the neuroblasts of mutant embryos albeit slightly lower in early stage; the intense midline (ML) staining in the mutant is probably due to expansion of midline cell fate in the absence of Snail in the blastoderm.
		The neuroblast layer is located between the ectoderm and the mesoderm (A).
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/128/23/4757 (6330 words)

	Role of DE-Cadherin in Neuroblast Proliferation, Neural Morphogenesis, and Axon Tract Formation in Drosophila Larval ...
		Cortex glial cells (cg) are in green, neuroblasts (nb) in purple, secondary neurons (sn) in shades of red, and primary neurons (pn) in gray.
		The neuroblast (nb) and cells in its proximity appear yellow because of expression of both GFP and DE-cadherin, whereas cells farther away from the neuroblast are labeled with GFP alone, which indicates that these cells no longer express DE-cadherin.
		Neuroblasts (nb) in wild type are embedded in clusters of small secondary neurons (sn).
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/23/8/3325 (7291 words)

	Interactive Fly, Drosophila
		En is expressed by neuroblasts in row 6 and 7 and neuroblast 1-2; Gsb-d is expressed by neuroblasts in row 5 and 6 and neuroblast 7-1.
		Therefore, Runt is expressed in five neuroblasts in rows 2 to 3 (neuroblast 2-2, 2-3, 3-1, 3-2 and 3-3) and two neuroblasts in row 5 (neuroblast 5-2 and 5-3) (Dormand, 1998).
		Proteins expressed both by neuroblast 3-3 and by neuroblasts 6-1 or 6-2 are possible candidates for cofactors acting with Runt to induce EL neurons.
	www.sdbonline.org /fly/segment/runt.htm (1062 words)

	Rapsynoid/Partner of Inscuteable Controls Asymmetric Division of Larval Neuroblasts in Drosophila -- Parmentier et al. ...
		Neuroblasts are the stem cells responsible for the formation of the larval and adult nervous systems in Drosophila.
		In the larval CNS, the neuroblasts are derived from quiescent
		Vaessin H, Grell E, Wolff E, Bier E, Jan LY, Jan YN (1991) prospero is expressed in neuronal precursors and encodes a nuclear protein that is involved in the control of axonal outgrowth in Drosophila.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/20/14/RC84 (3675 words)

	Neuroblast - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A neuroblast is a dividing cell that will develop into neurons or glia.
		The characterisation of neuroblasts and their development in Drosophila melanogaster was widely achieved by Chris Doe, Corey Goodman and Mike Bate.
		Please help improve this article by adding it to one or more categories, in addition to a stub category.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Neuroblast (106 words)

	Chris Doe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Current interests are (1) how stem cell-like neural precursors (neuroblasts) establish cell polarity and divide asymmetrically; (2) how neuroblasts maintain stem cell-like features as they divide to produce differentiating progeny; (3) how transcription factors regulate temporal identity within neuroblast lineages; and (4) the genetic program governing the production of motoneurons, serotonergic interneurons, or glia.
		Drosophila neural precursors (called neuroblasts) repeatedly divide along their apical/basal axis to regenerate an apical neuroblast and bud off a smaller basal daughter cell (called a GMC) that differentiates into a neurons or glia.
		To begin to study this question, we have done comprehensive cell lineage studies to identify the clone of neurons and glia produced by all 30 different embryonic neuroblasts (http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab/lineages/), as well as the precise birth-order of all progeny for selected neuroblasts.
	morel.uoregon.edu /facres/doe.html (2178 words)

	Chris Q. Doe
		His lab is currently interested in (1) cell polarity and asymmetric division of neuroblasts; (2) how neuroblasts maintain stem cell–like features, such as multipotentiality and proliferative competence; (3) how temporal identity is specified within neuroblast lineages; and (4) the genetic programs governing the production of motor neuron and interneuron subtypes.
		A graduate student, Jason Boone, is investigating neuroblast self-renewal in the larval optic lobe, where it has been reported that neuroblasts initially divide symmetrically to increase their population, and later shift into asymmetric divisions to generate neurons comprising the visual center of the brain.
		She has shown that this sequence of gene expression occurs normally in single neuroblasts cultured in vitro and that these transitions in gene expression are regulated at the transcriptional level.
	www.hhmi.org /research/investigators/doe.html (1159 words)

	Interactive Fly, Drosophila
		Neuroblast segregation was studied in embryos lacking both the maternal and the zygotic forms of either Notch or Delta.
		Neuroblast segregation occurs normally under conditions of uniform Notch expression, suggesting that transcriptional regulation of Notch is not necessary for many aspects of development of the larval CNS and PNS.
		In the embryonic ventral neuroectoderm of Drosophila the proneural genes achaete, scute, and lethal of scute are expressed in clusters of cells from which the neuroblasts delaminate in a stereotyped orthogonal array.
	www.sdbonline.org /fly/neural/delta5a.htm (14452 words)

	Regulation of neuroblast competence: multiple temporal identity factors specify distinct neuronal fates within a single ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Hb, Kr, Pdm, and Cas are sequentially expressed in the neuroblast and maintained in their neuronal progeny (except Pdm, which is transient in U4).
		In wild-type neuroblasts, Kr expression peaks at stage 10, Pdm expression peaks at stage 11, and Cas expression peaks at stage 12 (Grosskortenhaus et al.
		Novotny, T., Eiselt, R., and Urban, J. Hunchback is required for the specification of the early sublineage of neuroblast 7-3 in the Drosophila central nervous system.
	www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/full/20/4/429 (3108 words)

	Neuroblast
		Neuroblast specializes in designing algorithms for the processes control industry, providing controllers that are more robust and easier to use than conventional methods.
		A typical disturbance-rejection performance comparison between Neuroblast's NB-PID controller (in red), and an expert-designed PI controller (in grey).
		Furthermore, multiple NB-PIDs can be combined and tuned to control multiple-input, multiple-output processes often in just a few rounds of manual trial-and-error, thus requiring dramatically less effort and expertise than previously possible.
	www.neuroblast.net (120 words)

	A2 Dr
		The prerequisite for the asymmmetric division of neuroblasts is the establishment of an intrinsic apical-basal cell polarity that becomes apparent by the asymmetric localization of several proteins and mRNAs and by the stereotypical orientation of the mitotic spindle.
		Mutant embryos are triply stained with antibodies against polarity markers and with a DNA dye to determine the polarity and the cell cycle stage of individual neuroblasts.
		The lgl mutation was isolated in a genetic screen for mutations in maternal effect genes with a function in neuroblast division.
	www.uni-duesseldorf.de /sfb590/a2.htm (308 words)

	Dorsoventral patterning in the Drosophila central nervous system: the vnd homeobox gene specifies ventral column ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Vnd is not detected in the RP2 neuron (arrowhead) derived from the intermediate column NB 4-2.
		(A) In wild-type embryos, Eve is detected in the aCC/pCC/U/CQ neurons derived from ventral column neuroblasts 1-1 and 7-1 (v) and in the RP2/RP2sib neurons derived from the intermediate column neuroblast 4-2 (i).
		Cluster 1 coexpresses Vnd and the staining is primarily restricted to neuroblasts; clusters 2 and 3 do not express Vnd or Msh and the staining is equally strong in neuroectoderm and neuroblasts.
	www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/full/12/22/3603 (6095 words)

	Lgl, Pins and aPKC regulate neuroblast self-renewal versus differentiation : Nature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Drosophila neuroblasts undergo self-renewal with every cell division, producing another neuroblast and a differentiating daughter cell, but the mechanisms controlling the self-renewal/differentiation decision are poorly understood.
		Notably, lgl pins double mutant neuroblasts all divide symmetrically to self-renew, filling the brain with neuroblasts at the expense of neurons.
		We conclude that cortical aPKC kinase activity is a potent inducer of neuroblast self-renewal.
	www.nature.com /nature/journal/v439/n7076/abs/nature04299.html (307 words)

	www.myspace.com/neuroblast1
		Neuroblast's Latest Blog Entry [Subscribe to this Blog]
		During Lucys Attic extended break from playing shows, Neuroblast became the name under which Scotty White continued to write and record the flow of vomit that spews from his mind.
		Look for Neuroblast to play shows in 2006.
	www.myspace.com /neuroblast1 (72 words)

	Drosophila aPKC regulates cell polarity and cell proliferation in neuroblasts and epithelia -- Rolls et al. 163 (5): ...
		Wild-type larval neuroblasts (first and third rows): aPKC, Pins, Baz/Par3, Lgl, and Par6 are localized to the apical cortex, whereas Miranda is localized to the basal cortex.
		First column shows GFP marking the mutant clones (levels are low in neuroblasts, but can be readily detected when viewed at higher gain; not depicted); second column shows a DNA marker (phosphohistone H3) and/or apical polarity proteins; third column shows Miranda staining to identify neuroblasts and to assay basal protein targeting.
		Third instar larval brains 74 h after hatching were stained for the Scrib membrane marker (green) to identify neuroblasts (large cells, arrowheads) and GMCs (smaller cells), and with Elav (red) to mark neurons.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/163/5/1089 (6093 words)

	The role of the cell cycle and cytokinesis in regulating neuroblast sublineage gene expression in the Drosophila CNS -- ...
		The role of the cell cycle and cytokinesis in regulating neuroblast sublineage gene expression in the Drosophila CNS
		control is independent of neuroblast cytokinesis or counting cell cycles.
		The prospero transcription factor is asymmetrically localized to the cell cortex during neuroblast mitosis in Drosophila
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/121/10/3233 (730 words)

	Study Identifies Test for Most Effective Treatment for Infants with Cancer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		According to a researcher at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital reports in the March 5 issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute that the DNA content of malignant neuroblast cells may be used as a guide to determine response to chemotherapy treatment.
		Conventional methods of measuring the extent of inoperable or metastatic neuroblastoma (a cancer arising from immature nerve cells that primarily affects children under 10 years of age) have been inadequate for predicting response to chemotherapy in infants with this disease.
		Previous studies have indicated that the DNA content, or ploidy, of malignant neuroblast cells may be a predictor of treatment response.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/206c2.htm (643 words)

	Regulation of neuroblast mitosis is determined by PACAP receptor isoform expression -- Nicot and DiCicco-Bloom 98 (8): ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Regulation of neuroblast mitosis is determined by PACAP receptor isoform expression -- Nicot and DiCicco-Bloom 98 (8): 4758 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
		in embryonic hindbrain (11) and cortical neuroblasts (10,
		H]dT) was used to assess DNA synthesis in native sympathetic neuroblasts (12, 32).
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/98/8/4758 (4757 words)

	Neuroblast
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	www.neuroblast.net /privacy.shtml (276 words)

	neuroblast - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "neuroblast" is defined.
		neuroblast : Encarta® World English Dictionary, North American Edition [home, info]
		neuroblast : Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=neuroblast (134 words)

	Prospero (MR1A) Antibody
		Broadus, J., and Doe, C.Q. Evolution of neuroblast identity: seven-up and prospero expression reveal homologous and divergent neuroblast fates in Drosophila and Schistocerca.
		Buescher, M., and Chia, W. Mutations in lottchen cause cell fate transformations in both neuroblast and glioblast lineages in the Drosophila embryonic central nervous system.
		Skeath, J.B. The Drosophila EGF receptor controls the formation and specification of neuroblasts along the dorsal-ventral axis of the Drosophila embryo.
	www.uiowa.edu /~dshbwww/prospero.html (1233 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| The neuroblast and angioblast chemotaxic factor SDF-1 (CXCL12) expression is briefly up ...
		In addition to targeting hematopoietic cells, the SDF-1/CXCR4 system is also known to play a critical role in embryonic brain development and adult injury repair including neurogenesis, neuroblast migration, and neuronal organization as well as endothelial progenitor cell recruitment, endothelial cell migration and vasculogenesis [15-25].
		Therefore, it is important to determine the spatial and temporal expression of SDF-1 relative to injury; SDF-1 expression patterns may establish not only the location and duration of the window of opportunity for endogenous injury-mediated chemotaxis of reparative cells, but also the timeframe for therapeutic transplantation and recruitment of various stem cell populations.
		Neural progenitor cells and neuroblasts express CXCR4 and are attracted by SDF-1α developmentally and following brain ischemia [25,30-32].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2202/6/63 (5540 words)

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