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Topic: Neurocognitive deficit

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	Neurocognitive - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Neurocognitive is a term used to describe cognitive functions closely linked to the function of particular areas, neural pathways, or cortical networks in the brain.
		A neurocognitive deficit is a reduction or impairment of cognitive function in one of these areas, but particularly when physical changes can be seen to have occurred in the brain, such as after neurological illness, mental illness, drug use or brain injury.
		The discipline that studies neurocognitive deficits to infer normal psychological function is called cognitive neuropsychology.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Neurocognitive (174 words)

	Neurocognitive deficit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Neurocognitive is a term used to describe cognitive functionsclosely linked to the function of particular areas, neural pathways, or cortical networks in the brain.
		A neurocognitive deficit is a reduction or impairment of cognitive function in one of these areas, butparticularly when physical changes can be seen to have occurred in the brain, such as after neurological illness, mental illness, drug use or brain injury.
		A clinical neuropsychologist may specialise in using neuropsychological tests to detect and understand such deficits, and may be involved in the rehabilitation of an affectedperson.
	www.therfcc.org /neurocognitive-deficit-5818.html (155 words)

	Canadian Journal of Psychiatry Vol 42, No 3, April 1997 In Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Results: Neurocognitive deficits are now targets of antipsychotic drug treatment and should increasingly be used to refine both theory and clinical practice by considering the effects of treatments at the level of neural systems.
		Neurocognitive assessments may ultimately provide indices of the degree to which distinctive neural systems are principally compromised and/or which ones are still operating with sufficient integrity to mediate effective treatment.
		The capacity of neurocognitive measures to predict acute treatment response has typically been less consistent and robust, and some findings have involved complex interactions with baseline performance (that is, sometimes patients with the most florid symptoms and acute attentional dysregulation recover the most dramatically, yielding correlations of greater initial impairment with better treatment response).
	www.cpa-apc.org /Publications/Archives/CJP/1997/April/review1_0497.htm (7185 words)

	Cognitive Performance & Neuroactive ART Drugs
		Neurocognitive disorders continue to be a relevant function-limiting problem for HIV-infected patients and were related to an increased risk of death.13 The control of HIV-1 RNA in CSF seems to be a crucial issue to avoid the development of HIV-related cognitive syndromes.7
		Neurocognitively impaired HIV-infected patients presented with a significantly lower CD4 cell count compared with unimpaired patients, but these 2 groups of patients did not differ for plasmatic HIV-1 load and were exposed to the same class of antiretroviral drugs.
		For the effect of prolonged survival in the aging HIV population, cognitive deficits occur with an increasing prevalence and are becoming an emerging issue.
	www.natap.org /2006/HIV/032906_02.htm (1873 words)

	DiagnosisHeart.com: Articles
		The aim of this prospective study was to measure neurocognitive brain function following mechanical mitral valve replacement and mitral valve repair in forty consecutive patients.
		Neurocognitive function was measured by means of P300 auditory evoked potentials (peak latencies, ms) and two standard psychometric tests (Mini Mental State Examination, Trailmaking Test A (TTA)), preoperatively, 7 days and 4 months postoperatively.
		Neurocognitive brain function was unaffected in patients undergoing valve repair (7-day follow-up: P300 potentials 386+/-40, P=0.890 versus preop and TTA: 53+/-10, P=0.644; 4-month follow-up: P300 potentials 374+/-36, P=0.166 and TTA 54+/-11, P=0.147).
	www.diagnosisheart.com /showarticle.php?articleid=61 (378 words)

	Neurocognitive deficit
		In the case of neurocognitive symptoms, the deficit occurs in brain functioning, and is manifested by neurologic, cognitive, and emotional changes.
		Neurocognitive deficit scores among the collective patient population have been reduced by as much as 28 percent during treatment.
		Neurocognitive therapy, also called EEG biofeedback or neurofeedback, has been studied by a...
	www.logicjungle.com /wiki/Neurocognitive_deficit (295 words)

	Psychiatric Times (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia have proved to be elusive targets in the treatment of the illness.
		The dilemma, as Carpenter described it, is that neurocognitive deficit appears to be independent, or has minimal relationship to any of the symptom complexes which have, to some extent, responded to traditional neuroleptics.
		While there is little correlation between neurocognitive deficits and the clinical syndrome of schizophrenia, Green summarized several studies which have ascertained associations between specific deficits and patients' lack of functioning (Green).
	www.psychiatrictimes.com /p970226.html (6198 words)

	Neuropsychology
		Animal work often involves vivisection and is particularly controversial both from the moral angle (see animal rights) and from the scientific angle, with some scientists skeptical of the claims that findings from animal neuropsychology can be extrapolated to humans while others claim such work is essential to understand neural systems and related medical problems.
		Clinical neuropsychology is the application of neuropsychological knowledge to the assessment (see neuropsychological test), management and rehabilitation of people who have suffered illness or injury (particularly to the brain) which has caused neurocognitive problems.
		The use of 'brain scanners' or functional neuroimaging to investigate the structure or function of the brain is common, either as simply a way of better assessing brain injury with high resolution pictures, or by examining the relative activations of different brain areas.
	www.nebulasearch.com /encyclopedia/article/Neuropsychology.html (735 words)

	Psychiatric Times
		While a cognitive deficit is a core feature of schizophrenia, the development of the deficit and its relation to symptoms is not fully understood (Gold et al., 1999).
		Some components of the cognitive deficit are present during childhood (Jones et al., 1994), with IQ deficits reported as early as 7 years of age (Goldstein et al., 2000).
		Substantial cognitive deficits exist early in the course of schizophrenia (Hoff et al., 1992; Mohamed et al., 1999), with first-episode patients demonstrating similar impairments to patients with established schizophrenia (Addington and Addington, 2002).
	www.yu.edu /faculty/stewart/iqschiz.htm (2616 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Cognitive function during early abstinence from opioid dependence: a comparison to age, ...
		It is suggested that cognitive deficit during early abstinence from opioid dependence is related to withdrawal induced neural dysregulation in the prefrontal cortex and is partly transient.
		If neurocognitive deficits related to opioid abuse are considered to reflect a rather permanent neurotoxicity of opioid abuse, then the effect of abuse period under which the study was done (ongoing abuse vs. early abstinence vs. late abstinence) should be small.
		This is in agreement with the suggestion that neurocognitive deficits related to several drugs of abuse including opioids should be seen as recoverable limitations of neuronal plasticity rather than as more permanent "lesion effect" [54].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-244X/6/9 (5361 words)

	neurocognitive
		Schizophrenia patients, because of neurocognitive deficits and psychiatric symptoms, are often seen as compromised in their ability to appreciate risk...
		The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between neurocognitive variables assessed at illness onset and functional outcome in a longitudinal...
		The syndrome is characterized by distinctive behavioral, neurocognitive, and neuropsychiatric abnormalities.
	www.cancer-help.org /cancer/0604/neurocognitive.html (1623 words)

	Treatment Improvement Exchange - Documents - Technical Assistance Publications (TAPs) - TAP 17
		The NDS reflects the extent of the neurocognitive impairment that each patient is experiencing at admission and discharge.
		It was apparent that academic adjustment and academic deficits needed to be considered in the treatment approach.
		The neurocognitive deficit score is obtained from the entire sample group; therefore, these percentages reflect a total patient population outcome measure.
	www.treatment.org /TAPS/TAP17/tap17inhalant.html (4635 words)

	Academic Interventions for Children with Dyslexia
		Dyslexia is a neurocognitive deficit that is specifically related to the reading and spelling processes.
		The severity of the phonological deficits varies across individuals, and children with these deficits have been shown to make significantly less progress in basic word reading skills compared to children with equivalent IQs.
		Deficits in the storage of phonological information result in faulty representations in memory that lead to inaccurate applications of sound rules during reading tasks.
	www.kidsource.com /kidsource/content2/dyslexia.html (691 words)

	Study Shows Carotid Stenting Improves Memory and Thinking Ability in Patients Classified as 'Asymptomatic'
		It shows that patients with narrowed carotid arteries were, in fact, having neurocognitive deficits involving memory and executive functions, and that these deficits improved after the interventional radiology treatment.
		The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that carotid stenting with filter protection can prevent neurocognitive deficit due to little pieces of plaque breaking off during the procedure and causing trauma if they reach the brain.
		The study shows that using the embolic protection filter did save patients from neurocognitive decline and the author concludes that an embolic protection device is beneficial and should be used during carotid stenting procedures.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/03-31-2006/0004330719&EDATE= (888 words)

	Neuropsychological assessment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Firstly, diagnosis, to determine the nature of the underlying problem.
		Secondly, to understand the nature of any brain injury or resulting cognitive problem (see neurocognitive deficit) and its impact on the individual, as a means of devising a rehabilitation programme or offering advice as to an individual's ability to carry out a certain tasks (for example, fitness to drive, or returning to work).
		And lastly, assessments may be undertaken to measure change in functioning over time, such as to determine the consequences of a surgical procedure or the impact of a rehabilitation programme over time.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Neuropsychological_assessment (384 words)

	Cancer Information \| UPMC Cancer Centers
		Neurocognitive late effects most commonly follow treatment of malignancies that require central nervous system (CNS)-directed therapies, such as cranial radiation or intraventricular/intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy; thus, children with CNS tumors, head and neck sarcomas, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are most commonly affected.
		[16] Another study evaluated quantitative tissue volumes from magnetic resonance imaging scans, correlating these results with neurocognitive assessments for 40 long-term survivors of pediatric brain tumors treated with radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy 2.6 to 15.3 years earlier (median, 5.7 years) at an age of 1.7 to 14.8 years (median, 6.5 years).
		Moreover, tumor-related deficits because of direct invasion of the brain, seizures, and hydrocephalus must be recognized.
	www.upmccancercenters.com /pdq_xml/cancer.cfm?cdrid=CDR0000343584 (11542 words)

	Simplified Spelling Society : Dyslexia research. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Positron emission tomography scans during explicit and implicit reading showed the same reduced activity in a region of the left hemisphere in dyslexics from all three countries, with the maximum peak in the middle temporal gyrus and additional peaks in the inferior and superior temporal gyri and middle occipital gyrus.
		We conclude that there is a universal neurocognitive basis for dyslexia and that differences in reading performance among dyslexics of different countries are due to different orthographies.
		We conclude that a phonological processing deficit is a universal problem in dyslexia and causes literacy problems in both shallow and deep orthographies.
	www.spellingsociety.org /journals/j29/dyslexia.php (2693 words)

	[No title]
		Neurocognitive test scores are the final, common paths of a set of cognitive processes; of themselves, they do not directly represent brain processes.
		Comprehension deficits in individuals with spina bifida and hydrocephalus are more severe than would be expected on the basis of IQ alone or on the basis of facility in understanding and reading words.
		Core deficits are more likely than more general impairments to be related to the distinct pattern of brain compromise in a neurodevelopmental disorder, so that a core deficit will demonstrate a dose-response relationship with brain damage such that the greater neurocognitive deficiency, the greater the brain damage.
	www.niaaa.nih.gov /AboutNIAAA/Interagency/Reports/EarlyChildhood.htm (15306 words)

	Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Therapies: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Another study evaluated quantitative tissue volumes from magnetic resonance imaging scans, correlating these results with neurocognitive assessments for 40 long-term survivors of pediatric brain tumors treated with radiation therapy (RT) with or without chemotherapy 2.6 to 15.3 years earlier (median, 5.7 years) at an age of 1.7 to 14.8 years (median, 6.5 years).
		Similarly, another study found a significant IQ deficit in children treated with 24 Gy of cranial radiation combined with intrathecal MTX, as compared with childhood cancer survivors who received no CNS-directed therapy, with the effect greatest among those younger than 5 years.
		At lower MTX doses, there does not appear to be a consistent pattern of neurocognitive deficits.
	www.acor.org /cnet/343584.html (10254 words)

	HIV Replication in Plasma and Older Age Are the Only Factors Strongly Associated with Neuropsychologic Disorders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		A significant correlation was observed between the neuropsychologic z score for 8 tests (NPZ8) score, a quantitative parameter of neurocognitive impairment, and CD4 cell count at neuropsychologic testing and between the NPZ8 score and the patient's age.
		Neurocognitively impaired HIV patients presented with a significantly lower CD4 cell count compared with unimpaired patients, noted the study authors.
		The presence of a significant proportion of neurocognitively impaired HIV patients and the persistence of neurocognitive abnormalities after long exposure to HAART are “relevant problems in the late HAART era,” write the authors.
	www.hivandhepatitis.com /recent/2006/ad1/032406_a.html (774 words)

	Center for Health Psychology - Neurotherapy - Neurofeedback - EEG Biofeedback
		Neurocognitive utilizes state-of-the-art electronic equipment, including the Quantitative Electroencephalograph (or qEEG) for the measurement and tracking of the electrical activity of the brain.
		During this process, the neural pathways or the activity at locations that had not been functioning correctly--causing symptoms of attention deficit disorder, hyperactivity, or learning disability--are strengthened and reinforced.
		This means that he can program the software with the exact parameters to reward the successful use of the connections that need repair.
	www.chp-neurotherapy.com /process.html (645 words)

	Clinical Trial: Clonidine for Neurocognitive Sequelae
		The goals of the study are to determine the efficacy of clonidine in the treatment of children with neurocognitive sequelae following the therapy of long term malignancies.
		Patients must fulfill the operational criteria for neurocognitive deficit and have an IQ > 50.
		Patients must be currently enrolled in a school or a learning environment where an adult familiar with the child's academic performance can provide ratings of that performance over the time of the trial.
	www.clinicaltrials.gov /ct/show/NCT00166686 (721 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| No evidence of association between Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Metgenotype ...
		Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable disorder [9] that affects between 2 and 6% of school children.
		Neuropsychological [14] and functional brain imaging studies [15,16] have implicated the involvement of the prefrontal cortex and fronto-striatal pathways in the aetiology of ADHD.
		At a second, school based, visit, a battery of neurocognitive tasks were administered, including the Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFFT), [27] the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) [28] and the Stop and Go no Go tasks from the MARS battery (Maudsley Attention and Response Suppression task battery).
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-244X/4/15 (3217 words)

	Clinical neuropsychology in TutorGig Encyclopedia
		'Clinical neuropsychology' is a subdiscipline of psychology that specialises in the clinical assessment and treatment of patients with brain injury or neurocognitive deficits.
		What distinguishes a clinical neuropsychologist from other clinical psychologists is an extensive knowledge of the brain, including an understanding of areas such as: neuroanatomy, neurobiology, psychopharmacology, neurological illness or injury, the use of neuropsychological tests to accurately assess cognitive deficits, and the management, treatment and rehabiliation of brain injured and neurocognitively impaired patients.
		This may be for the purposes of planning treatments, to determine someone's neurocognitive functioning or mental capacity (often done for presentation as evidence in court cases or legal proceedings) or to detect changes over time.
	www.tutorgig.com /ed/clinical_neuropsychology (489 words)

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