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Topic: Neurodegenerative disorder

	Huntington's Disease Reviews: 2002
		Motor disorders are another promising field for the therapeutic application of cannabinoid-related compounds, since the control of movement is one of the more relevant physiological roles of the endocannabinoid transmission in the brain.
		Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the HD gene.
		These disorders seem to have defective oxidative phosphorylation as a common pathway in their pathogenesis and it may be that treatments designed to improve respiratory chain function may ameliorate the progression of these disorders.
	lansbury.bwh.harvard.edu /hd_reviews_2002.htm (11004 words)

	Wolfram Syndrome -- DIDMOAD -- genetic neurodegenerative disease that includes diabetes, diabetes insipidus, optic ...
		Neurodegenerative complications of the urinary tract are present in about two-thirds of those with this disorder, and at least 60% have neurological symptoms such as ataxia (unbalanced walking) and startle myoclonus (an increased reaction to strong stimuli such as loud noises).
		Seizure disorders are not uncommon (20%; median age 19 years), and may be caused by hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) or by the underlying neurodegeneration.
		Although the physiologic mechanism of this disorder is still under investigation, symptoms are currently believed to occur through defects in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA that code for cell processes controlled by mitochondria, a cellular component responsible for many cell functions.
	www.sharedpaths.com /wolfram.html (3319 words)

	Review Articles
		Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway, and the presence of Lewy bodies.
		Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway and the appearance of cytoplasmic proteinaceous aggregates known as Lewy bodies.
		The synucleinopathies are a diverse group of neurodegenerative disorders that share a common pathologic lesion composed of aggregates of insoluble alpha-synuclein protein in selectively vulnerable populations of neurons and glia.
	lansbury.bwh.harvard.edu /Literature/Review/review_articles.htm (14154 words)

	Acupuncture.Com - Alzheimer's, Parkinson's & Stroke - Traditional Chinese Medicine
		The silent epidemic is a term which refers to neurodegenerative disorders (such as Alzheimer's disease, sequelaes of stroke & Parkinson's disease) which plagues the majority of the geriatric population but is poorly recognized by the society due to their low public visibility and their social isolation.
		Neurodegenerative disorders are complex with an onset that is followed by progressive deterioration.
		The cause of neurodegenerative disorders lies not so much in the brain (though it is the brain that shows the symptoms) as in the kidney, which according to the theories of Traditional Chinese Medicine controls the bone and generates the marrow.
	www.acupuncture.com /conditions/alzandparkinson.htm (2326 words)

	Overview of Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease
		Neurodegenerative diseases evolve gradually, after a long period of normal brain function, due to progressive degeneration (i.e., nerve cell dysfunction and death) of specific brain regions.
		Other movement disorders characterized by parkinsonism may be difficult to distinguish from classic PD on clinical grounds, but these so-called "Parkinson Plus" disorders can be separated from PD because of their unique neuropathological features.
		Thus, AD and the disorders discussed here are examples of a large group of neurodegenerative diseases with a common mechanistic theme, i.e., the conversion of a normal brain protein into insoluble filamentous aggregates appears to play a critical role in the progressive degeneration of brain cells that cause the relentless loss of specific brain functions.
	www.uphs.upenn.edu /cndr/Research/pages/ADPD.html (1870 words)

	Alzheimer's, Stroke, and Parkinson's Disease Natural Help Center
		The silent epidemic is a term which refers to neurodegenerative disorders-Alzheimer's, stroke and Parkinson's disease, which plague the majority of the geriatric population but are poorly recognized by the society due to the low public visibility and social isolation of these elderly patients.
		The cause of neurodegenrative disorders lies not so much in the brain (though it is the brain that shows the symptoms) as in the kidney, which,according to the theories of Traditonal Chinese Medicine controls the bone and generates the arrow.
		Therefore, the key the treating neurodegenrative disorders are to tonify the kidney, eliminate the phlegm, remove and blood stasis and induce resuscitation.
	www.herb-doc.com /nerve.htm (925 words)

	Huntington's Disease
		Huntington's Disease is a genetic, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the gradual development of involuntary muscle movements affecting the hands, feet, face, and trunk and progressive deterioration of cognitive processes and memory (dementia).
		In dominant disorders, a single copy of the disease gene (received from either the mother or father) will be expressed "dominating" the other normal gene and resulting in the appearance of the disease.
		This disorder was described based on the experiences of one family and, except for lower frequency of eye-movement and the absence of seizures, it is similar to juvenile-onset Huntington’s Disease.
	hw.healthdialog.com /kbase/nord/nord18.htm (2441 words)

	Alzheimer's disease - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common cause of dementia and characterised clinically by progressive intellectual deterioration together with declining activities of daily living and neuropsychiatric symptoms or behavioral changes.
		As the disorder progresses, cognitive (intellectual) impairment extends to the domains of language (aphasia), coordinated movement (apraxia), recognition (agnosia) and those functions (such as decision-making and planning) closely related to the frontal lobe of the brain, reflecting extension of the underlying pathological process.
		For most of the twentieth century, the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease was reserved for individuals between the ages of 45-65 who developed symptoms of presenile dementia, which was considered to be a more or less normal outcome of the aging process.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/a/l/z/Alzheimer%27s_disease.html (3908 words)

	Neurodegenerative Disorders - DrGreene.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The neurodegenerative disorders of childhood are a diverse group of rare diseases that until recently were a death sentence of the most horrible kind.
		Lorenzo's Oil is the first of a growing number of increasingly promising therapies for many of the neurodegenerative disorders of childhood.
		The outcome of these disorders has historically been so uniformly dismal that it is quite tempting to stop short of pinpointing which specific disorder a child has once a diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorder has been made.
	www.drgreene.com /21_525.html (1566 words)

	Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation Type 1
		In some cases, as the disorder progresses, affected children may also experience involuntary movements of the face and hands, sudden involuntary muscle spasms (spasticity) of the lower arms and legs (limbs), and progressive paralysis of the legs and lower part of the body (paraplegia).
		Cerebral palsy is a general term that covers a group of disorders that involve impairment of muscle control or coordination resulting from injury to the brain during its early stages of development (the fetal, perinatal or early childhood stages).
		Pallidotomy is used for the treatment of disorders that are characterized by changes in muscle tone, postural disturbances, abnormalities in conducting certain voluntary movements, and the development of abnormal involuntary movements (i.e., extrapyramidal disorders).
	hw.healthdialog.com /kbase/nord/nord179.htm (3516 words)

	Ataxia with Vitamin E Deficiency - Quest Diagnostics Patient Health Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Ataxia with vitamin E deficiency (AVED) is a rare inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by impaired ability to coordinate voluntary movements (ataxia) and disease of the peripheral nervous system (peripheral neuropathy).
		Vitamin E deficiency often occurs secondary to disorders that impair the absorption of vitamin E from fat including liver disorders, disorders of fat metabolism, and disorders of bile secretion.
		These disorders include cholestasis (a syndrome of various causes characterized by impaired bile secretion); cystic fibrosis (primarily a lung disorder that may also affect bile secretion); primary biliary cirrhosis (a liver disorder that results in cholestasis); and abetalipoproteinemia (a digestive disorder characterized by fat malabsorption).
	www.questdiagnostics.com /kbase/nord/nord658.htm (546 words)

	GENETIC SCREENING RECOMMENDED TO DETECT NEW NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Known as fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, or FXTAS (pronounced fax-tass), the disorder affects older men who are carriers of a small mutation (premutation) in the same gene that causes fragile X syndrome, the most common cause of inherited mental retardation.
		In 2001 the Hagerman team reported the first cases of FXTAS in men and suggested that the neurological dysfunctions could be due to the elevated levels of messenger RNA from the FMR1 gene mutation, which are consistently observed in the blood of premutation carriers.
		This study was supported by grants from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the National Institute of Child Health and Development, as well as general support from the UC Davis M.I.N.D. Institute.
	www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu /newsroom/releases/archives/mind/2004/fxtas.html (1190 words)

	ScienceDaily: Genetic Screening Recommended To Detect New Neurodegenerative Disorder In Men Over Age 50 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Neurodegenerative disease -- Neurodegenerative disease is a condition which affects brain function.
		Parkinson's disease -- Parkinson's disease (paralysis agitans or PD) is a neurodegenerative disease of the substantia nigra, an area in the basal ganglia of the brain.
		Disorders of Hemoglobin is the first comprehensive reference on the genetic and acquired disorders of hemoglobin in over a decade.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2004/01/040128080418.htm (2408 words)

	Pinpointing the cause of a neurodegenerative disorder
		The studies bolster the emerging theory that neurodegenerative disorders can be caused by having extra copies of a normal protein, not just a mutated one.
		People who are afflicted with the rare neurodegenerative disorder spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) suffer damage to cerebellar Purkinje cells caused by a toxic buildup of the protein Ataxin-1.
		People with polyglutamine repeat disorders suffer severe degeneration in particular groups of neurons that vary depending on the type of disease.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-08/hhmi-ptc082405.php (753 words)

	Genetic screening recommended to detect new neurodegenerative disorder in men over age 50
		A team of researchers, led by physicians at the UC Davis M.I.N.D Institute, have discovered a new, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that predominantly affects men over age 50 and results in tremors, balance problems and dementia that become increasingly more severe with age.
		A significant but currently unknown number of adults with these tremor and balance problems are being diagnosed as normal aging, Parkinson’s disease, senile dementia and Alzheimer’s disease when their condition may be accurately and easily identified with a standard DNA blood test ordered by their doctor.
		"The disorder appears later in life in men who are generally healthy throughout childhood and early-to-mid-adulthood and have normal to above-average intelligence, yet is caused by a defect in a gene known to cause mental retardation usually diagnosed in early childhood."
	innovations-report.com /html/reports/medicine_health/report-25202.html (1248 words)

	eMedicine - Neuropathy of Friedreich Ataxia : Article Excerpt by: N K Nikhar, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		It is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder, characterized by early onset and progressive ataxia, ataxic dysarthria, musculoskeletal deformities (eg, scoliosis, pes cavus), a predominantly sensory polyneuropathy, and cardiac conduction disturbances.
		Pathophysiology: FA is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by degeneration of numerous spinal cord tracts, dorsal roots, and peripheral nerves.
		Degeneration is noticed particularly in the Clark column, fasciculi gracilis and cuneatus, and ascending and descending spinocerebellar tracts.
	www.emedicine.com /neuro/byname/neuropathy-of-friedreich-ataxia.htm (594 words)

	Movement Disorders and Parkinson's - Washington, DC
		Movement disorders is a group of neurological disorders that consist of the motor and movement systems.
		The common feature among these disorders is that the parts of the brain that are affected are part of the same system.
		Essential tremor is the most common movement disorder and is characterized by rhythmic shaking which occurs during voluntary movement (action tremor), such as lifting a cup to one's mouth, or while voluntarily maintaining a position against gravity (postural tremor), such as reaching or extending one's hand or arm.
	www.georgetownuniversityhospital.org /body.cfm?id=1236 (858 words)

	GeneCare Medical Genetics Center - Tay Sachs Testing
		(TSD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder, caused by a deficiency of the enzyme Hexosaminidase A. A baby who has TSD is normal for the first few months of life and then loses mental and physical abilities.
		Type A and B Niemann-Pick Disorders are caused by a deficiency in the enzyme, acid sphingomyelinase.
		When both parents are carriers of the same disorder, they have a 1 in 4 risk (25%) of having an affected baby, a 1 in 2 chance (50%) of having a carrier baby, and a 1 in 4 chance (25%) of having an unaffected, non-carrier baby.
	www.genecare.com /ts.html (1058 words)

	ScienceDaily: Pinpointing The Cause Of A Neurodegenerative Disorder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		People who are afflicted with the rareneurodegenerative disorder spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) sufferdamage to cerebellar Purkinje cells caused by a toxic buildup of theprotein Ataxin-1.
		Researchers knew that SCA1, Huntington's disease andother related disorders arise because of a "genetic stutter," in whicha mutation causes a particular gene sequence to repeat itself.
		New Genes Implicated In Neurodegenerative Diseases (November 6, 2000) -- Although many genes are known to be responsible for Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington disease, there is little understanding of how they cause neurons to degenerate and die.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/08/050827120806.htm (1862 words)

	Huntington’s disease is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder that results from the pathogenic mutation ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Huntington’s disease is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder that results from the pathogenic mutation of the pro
		Huntington’s disease is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder that results from the pathogenic mutation of the protein huntingtin, the normal function of which is still unknown.
		Presently homologues have been identified of one of the protein accomplices of huntingtin as well as a protein which binds to this accomplice potentially initiating the apoptotic pathways which lead to the neurodegeneration seen.
	www.mun.ca /gsu/current/events/abstracts02/moores.html (241 words)

	AllRefer Health - Secondary Parkinsonism (Parkinsonism - Secondary)
		A disorder similar to Parkinson's disease, but which is caused by the effects of a medication, a different neurodegenerative disorder or another illness.
		Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurologic disorders of the elderly.
		Secondary parkinsonism may be caused by disorders such as a stroke, encephalitis or meningitis.
	health.allrefer.com /health/secondary-parkinsonism-info.html (533 words)

	Antiparkinson Drugs: Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders
		Antiparkinson drugs are medicines used to reduce the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
		Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement.
		In PD, cells in a part of the brain called the substantia nigra die off.
	health.enotes.com /neurological-disorders-encyclopedia/antiparkinson-drugs (2017 words)

	Biomedicine - Huntington (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Huntington disease (HD) is a rare, progressive and fatal autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder, typically of adult onset.
		A disorder similar to Huntington's disease is associated with a novel CAG repeat expansion.
		Expansion explosion: new clues to the pathogenesis of repeat expansion neurodegenerative diseases.
	www.bioteach.ubc.ca /Biomedicine/Huntington (1169 words)

	FXTAS - A New Genetic Disorder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Researchers report in the latest issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association (2004;291:460-469) of fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, or FXTAS, a new neurodegenerative disorder that mainly affects men over age 50.
		They say men with a family history of fragile X syndrome should be screened for the disorder.
		Initial symptoms of the disorder may include difficulty writing, using eating utensils and pouring water.
	www.indegene.com /Gen/Home/indGen_Ind_News_30-01-2004_1.asp (237 words)

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