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Topic: Neuroendocrine

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	Neuroendocrinology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For example, the secretion of growth hormone is controlled by two neuroendocrine systems: the growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) neurons and the somatostatin neurons, which stimulate and inhibit GH secretion respectively.
		Neuroendocrine neurones control the gonads – and gonadal steroids in turn influence the brain; and so do corticosteroids secreted from the adrenal gland under the influence of ACTH.
		Neuroendocrine neurons were discovered in the peripheral nervous system, regulating for instance digestion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Neuroendocrinology (888 words)

	CancerNetwork:
		Neuroendocrine tumors manifest in the gastrointestinal tract mainly as carcinoid and pancreatic islet-cell tumors.
		Neuroendocrine tumors are well known for producing various hormonal syndromes and for their indolent clinical course in most patients, although some of these tumors do not produce hormones of clinical significance.
		Neuroendocrine cells differ from neurons in that axons and specialized nerve terminals are absent in the former, and consequently, their mode of transmission is endocrine or paracrine rather than synaptic.
	www.cancernetwork.com /textbook/morev18.htm (10256 words)

	Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Larynx (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Neuroendocrine tumors display a number of histologic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characteristics which reveal their neurosecretory nature and allow them to be grouped together.
		Ferlito A, Friedmann I. Contribution of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the larynx.
		Ferlito A, Rosai J. Terminology and classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the larynx.
	www.bcm.edu /oto/grand/81293.html (1410 words)

	Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Information - Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Web-Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Sant'agnese pa neuroendocrine differentiation in carcinoma of the prostate.
		Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix in.
		The classification of neuroendocrine tumors of the lung is evolving and complex.
	www.carcinoma-research.info /neuroendocrine-carcinoma.html (1462 words)

	Fritscher-Ravens A. Endoscopic Ultrasound and Neuroendocrine Tumours of the Pancreas. JOP. J Pancreas (Online) 2004; ...
		Neuroendocrine tumours are rare entities with a prevalence of 1/100,000 [6].
		As neuroendocrine tumours may occur as tiny multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) [27] standard imaging techniques such as US, CT and MRI tend to be less reliable in their detection.
		As neuroendocrine tumours of the pancreas can be very small it may be difficult for physicians less experienced in endoscopic ultrasound to detect them, resulting in futile examinations.
	www.joplink.net /prev/200407/28.html (3646 words)

	Neuroendocrine Tumors of Lung
		Neuroendocrine properties are exemplified in the carcinoid tumors, and small cell carcinomas are accepted as forming part of the spectrum, but it is recognized that some non-small cell lung tumors also possess certain neuroendocrine characteristics even though they may not display light microscopic evidence for this.
		Neuroendocrine differentiation is manifested ultrastructurally by the presence of dense-core granules.
		For its identification, neuroendocrine features in large cell carcinomas must be evident by light microscopy and their presence verified by immunoperoxidase studies (chromogranin and synaptophysin are the best markers) or electron microscopy.
	sup.ultrakohl.com /uscap/mackay.htm (1177 words)

	Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Larynx
		Neuroendocrine tumors of the larynx are rare tumors in comparison to the much more common squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.
		The laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinomas commonly presented in chronic cigarette smokers with mean ages of 63 (SCNC) and 60 (LCNC), were not associated with other endocrine tumors, and proved highly fatal in spite of radical surgery and radiation therapy.
		Moderately differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma/atypical carcinoid tumor is the most common nonsquamous malignancy in the larynx; however, due to morphologic overlap and calcitonin immunoreactivity, it can be difficult to distinguish from thyroid medullary carcinoma.
	www.thedoctorsdoctor.com /diseases/larynx_neuroendocrine_ca.htm (1711 words)

	Neuroendocrine tumors
		Neuroendocrine tumor refers to the type of cell that a tumor grows from rather than where that tumor is located.
		Neuroendocrine cells produce hormones or regulatory proteins, and so tumors of these cells usually have symptoms that are related to the specific hormones that they produce.
		Neuroendocrine tumors such as carcinoid tumors are rare, and no information consequently is yet available on cause or prevention.
	www.lifesteps.com /gm/Atoz/ency/neuroendocrine_tumors.jsp (813 words)

	Neuroendocrine Clinical Center & Pituitary Tumor Center at MGH/Harvard
		The Neuroendocrine Clinical Center - A multidisciplinary approach to patients with pituitary and hypothalamic disorders.
		The Neuroendocrine Clinical Center offers detailed outpatient evaluation of all disorders affecting the endocrine function of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, achieved through comprehensive office visits, complete basal and dynamic hormone testing, and coordination of radiologic studies and visual field evaluations.
		All new patients are presented at the weekly Neuroendocrine Clinical Conference which is attended by endocrinologists, neurosurgeons, neurologists, and radiation therapy physicians.
	pituitary.mgh.harvard.edu (582 words)

	Neuroendocrine tumors
		A neuroendocrine tumor used to mean something different many years ago; we used to think of it as the cell of origin.
		Now, many of these neuroendocrine tumors produce hormones that are not enough to cause clinical features or a syndrome, yet enough to be measured in the blood to aid in the diagnosis.
		Lowell Anthony MD: Well, neuroendocrine tumors can be quite diverse in terms of their malignant potential, ranging from the totally benign, such as tumors that are common in the pituitary and referred to as adenomas, to the opposite extreme.
	www.gastro-pro.org /aga/neuroendocrinetumors/netumors-01.html (3778 words)

	Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater with glandular differentiation -- Cheng et al. 57 (10): ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Primary neuroendocrine tumours of the ampulla of Vater are rare.
		Neuroendocrine ampullary tumors: spectrum of disease including the first report of a neuroendocrine carcinoma of non-small cell type.
		Survival analysis of 200 pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors with clarification of criteria for atypical carcinoid and its separation from typical carcinoid.
	jcp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/57/10/1098 (1358 words)

	Aiming at molecules: diagnosis and treatment for neuroendocrine tumors in children and adults target common receptor: ...
		Neuroendocrine stem cells originate in the neural crest of the developing fetus and migrate during development to multiple sites in the body, including the head and neck, adrenal gland, intestinal tract, and all of the spinal ganglions that support the peripheral nervous system.
		Neural crest stem cells and neuroendocrine tumor cell lines respond in vitro to a variety of regulatory molecules; for example, nerve growth factor causes them to differentiate into neuroblasts, whereas glucocorticoids induce them to transform into adrenal chromaffin-like cells.
		Both neural crest stem cells and neuroendocrine tumor cells have somatostatin receptors; therefore, somatostatin inhibits the ability of these cells to secrete neuropeptides, hormones, and growth factors.
	www.uihealthcare.com /news/currents/vol4issue4/molecules.html (1377 words)

	Carcinoid and Neuroendocrine Tumor Center
		Neuroendocrine tumors affect neuroendocrine cells, which produce and secrete regulatory hormones and are present throughout the nervous and endocrine systems.
		In addition to behaving similarly to typical cancers, neuroendocrine tumors cause the body to produce a detrimentally excessive amount of hormones, possibly leading to asthma, cardiac disease, dehydration and profuse diarrhea.
		Researchers at the Carcinoid and Neuroendocrine Tumor Center are currently investigating the molecular genesis of carcinoid and neuroendocrine tumors, as well as innovative, subcellular therapy.
	www.csmc.edu /4085.html (592 words)

	NETumoradvisor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Neuroendocrine tumors come from a common cell type that can produce hormones (the "endocrine" part) and other substances that can signal nerves (the "neuro" part).
		Other neuroendocrine tumors include pheochromocytomas (which form in the adrenal gland), medullary thyroid cancer, and pituitary and parathyroid gland tumors.
		There are also some groups of conditions (or syndromes) that include neuroendocrine tumors and that tend to occur in more than one person in a family.
	www.netumoradvisor.org (503 words)

	NEUROENDOCRINE RESEARCH
		Neuroendocrine cells are a specialized group of nerve cells (neurons) that produce hormones.
		Specialized groups of neuroendocrine cells can be found at the base of the third ventricle in the brain (in a region called the hypothalamus).
		Research in neuroendocrinology in the Cell Biology Graduate Program includes studies of neuroendocrine cells involved in the regulation of sleep, responses to stress, cold, reproductive cycles, aging, molecular mechanisms behind estrogen actions, studies of steroid receptors; egg laying in aplysia, and neuronal development.
	cellbio.utmb.edu /neuroend.htm (545 words)

	Neuroendocrine Theory of Aging Chapter 4 The Immune Homeostat Article
		The neuroendocrine theory explains the cause of the major diseases of aging which contribute to over 85% of deaths of middle-aged and elderly individuals.
		In recent years there has been increasing evidence of the close interaction between the thymus and the neuroendocrine system, such that the immune theory of aging can now be incorporated within the neuroendocrine theory.
		This included: (1) Restoration of neuroendocrine rhythmic activity and sensitivity to feedback regulation; (2) Normalization of metabolic shifts (i.e., re-establishing the optimum internal milieu); (3) Counter-action of adverse hormonal effects on target tissues; and (4) Utilization of substitution therapy.
	www.vrp.com /art/310.asp (3039 words)

	Neuroendocrine tumors
		The most important is the receptor subtype 2, and the receptor subtype 2 seems to be the predominant receptor subtype on most of the tissues, particularly the neuroendocrine tumors.
		And it has the same regulatory action in the neuroendocrine cell gone awry; enterochromaffin cells causing serotonin release, or a gastrin tumor causing excess gastrin release.
		Of all the neuroendocrine tumors that we talk about, insulinoma is the least responsive to somatostatin therapy.
	www.gastro-pro.org /aga/neuroendocrinetumors/netumors-07.html (642 words)

	Neuroendocrine Tumors
		A phase II study of temozolomide and thalidomide in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors.
		J Clin Oncol 2002; 20:3772-84.) A phase II study of Endostatin in patients with neuroendocrine tumors was therefore performed at DFCI and the University of California, San Francisco.
		In a preliminary analysis of the results from this study, two of 36 evaluable patients had experienced minor radiologic responses and twenty-three (64%) patients experienced stable disease as their best response to therapy.
	research.dfci.harvard.edu /neuroendocrine/research/b.php (615 words)

	Sloan-Kettering - Neuroendocrine Tumors
		Neuroendocrine tumors arise from the neuroendocrine system, a diffuse system in which the nervous system and the hormones of the endocrine glands interact.
		Most of the well-described adult neuroendocrine tumors are distinctive and arise from a known primary site, including the carcinoid, pheochromocytoma, and Merkel's cell tumors.
		Some neuroendocrine tumors have special structural characteristics that define them (for example, a Merkel's cell), but at least 60 percent are never distinguished beyond the diagnosis of "neuroendocrine carcinoma." The tumor can arise from a variety of locations, including the gastrointestinal tract, lung, and brain.
	www.mskcc.org /mskcc/html/5491.cfm (645 words)

	International Neuroendocrine Federation
		Individual scientists belonging either to a national neuroendocrine society or included in a "geographic group" are thus, ipso facto, members of the Federation with equal privileges.
		c) New admissions of national neuroendocrine societies and "regional groups" (see Appendix) to full membership are to be decided by Council provided that the national society and "regional group" making the application has submitted full details and documentation of its activities to the Federation Secretary-General at least 3 months before the Council meeting.
		The Council consists of one delegate from each national neuroendocrine society and each "geographic group." Representatives of each national society and "regional group" will be elected by the members of these societies and groups.
	www.isneuro.org /constitution.htm (1254 words)

	Hepatobiliary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma in Cats: A Clinicopathologic, Immunohistochemical, and Ultrastructural Study of ...
		Hepatobiliary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma in Cats: A Clinicopathologic, Immunohistochemical, and Ultrastructural Study of 17 Cases -- Patnaik et al.
		Neuroendocrine carcinoma component shows solid groups of round to oval cells with vascular stroma.
		Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder is uncommon in humans.
	www.vetpathology.org /cgi/content/full/42/3/331 (3055 words)

	Tumor necrosis factor induces neuroendocrine differentiation in small cell lung cancer cell lines -- Haley et al. 275 ...
		Further evidence of neuroendocrine cell involvement in the pulmonary immune response is provided by animal models.
		Increased pulmonary neuroendocrine cells with bombesin-like immunoreactivity in adult patients with eosinophilic granuloma.
		Induction and spontaneous regression of intense pulmonary neuroendocrine cell differentiation in a model of preneoplastic lung injury.
	ajplung.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/275/2/L311 (5156 words)

	Identification of Molecular Markers Specific for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors by Genetic Profiling of Core Biopsies ...
		Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas are uncommon neoplasms
		are not implicated in the pathophysiology of neuroendocrine
		of neuroendocrine tumors and thus may be useful in genetic counseling.
	www.annalssurgicaloncology.org /cgi/content/full/11/4/413 (2665 words)

	Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals : News
		Azedra™ recognizes unique molecular targets expressed by certain neuroendocrine cancers which enable the drug to be accumulated in the tumor.
		Azedra™, developed using Molecular Insight’s proprietary Ultratrace™ technology, is designed to maximize the delivery of radiolabeled MIBG molecules to targeted neuroendocrine tumors to effectively enable safe and effective diagnosis and treatment while minimizing the amount of non-radioactive MIBG molecules that are delivered to the patient.
		The company’s compound MIP-120T is in late preclinical development for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors and is expected to begin clinical studies in early 2006.
	www.molecularinsight.com /news.htm (7665 words)

	Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Nasopharynx in a Dog -- Patnaik et al. 39 (4): 496 -- Veterinary Pathology
		Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Nasopharynx in a Dog -- Patnaik et al.
		Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the nasopharynx was diagnosed in
		Neuroendocrine carcinoma was described more than 100 years ago.
	www.vetpathology.org /cgi/content/full/39/4/496 (1593 words)

	ENETS - European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society
		The European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) eV was founded in Frankfurt/Main in March 2004 by researchers in the field of neuroendocrine tumors from several European countries as a logical consequence of the former ENET (European Neuroendocrine Tumor Network) activities.
		Neuroendocrine tumors present numerous complex clinical problems and thereby signifi cantly contribute to morbidity and health costs in all European countries.
		ENETS is an international professional association composed of physicians and researchers, whose main area of study is related to neuroendocrine tumors.
	www.neuroendocrine.net (1175 words)

	Is Fibromyalgia caused by a Mycoplasmal Infection?
		Although the etiology remains unclear, characteristic alterations in the pattern of sleep and changes in neuroendocrine transmitters such as serotonin, substance P, growth hormone, thyroid hormones, estrogen and cortisol suggest that dysregulation of the autonomic and neuroendocrine system now appears to be the basis of the syndrome.
		Amino acids are the core building blocks in the neuroendocrine system for the synthesis of most chemicals produced and used in the complex intricate pathways of the neuroendocrine system including thyroid hormone production and other chemicals taken up and used in the HPA.
		If enough tryptophan was utilized from host cells in the neuroendocrine system for this purpose, less would be available to the body for the normal synthesis of tryptophan to seratonin, thus possibly deregulating or lowering seratonin levels and causing depression and sleep disorders most FMS patients present.
	www.rain-tree.com /fibromyalgia.htm (3600 words)

	Chromogranin A as Serum Marker for Neuroendocrine Neoplasia: Comparison with Neuron-Specific Enolase and the ...
		Serum concentrations of CgA in patients with neuroendocrine tumors and in controls with nonendocrine tumors.
		patients with several neuroendocrine tumors (27, 28, 29).
		1989 Rapid radioimmunoassay of circulating chromogranin A: in vitro stability, exploration of the neuroendocrine character of neoplasia, and assessment of the effects of organ failure.
	jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/82/8/2622 (4280 words)

	Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor with Ectopic Adrenocorticotropin Production upon Second Recurrence -- Miehle et al. 89 ...
		Hematoxylin-eosin stain of a neuroendocrine tumor formed by rounded nests of densely packed cells, partially with palisading tumor cells.
		neuroendocrine tumor in the first and second relapses, respectively.
		Ardill JES, Erikkson B 2003 The importance of the measurement of circulating markers in patients with neuroendocrine tumours of the pancreas and gut.
	jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/89/8/3731 (2972 words)

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