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Topic: Neurotrophin

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	Neurotrophin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Neurotrophins are a family of molecules that encourage survival of nervous tissue.
		Neurotrophins are chemicals that help to stimulate and control neurogenesis, BDNF being one of the most active.
		Neurotrophin-3, or NT-3 is a neurotrophic factor, in the NGF (Nerve Growth Factor)-family of neurotrophins.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Neurotrophins (731 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Neurotrophin and Trk expression by cells of the human lamina cribrosa following ...
		Neurotrophins are polypeptide growth factors involved in the development and maintenance of neurons, as well as non-neuronal cells.
		Neurotrophin signaling occurs via two types of receptors including (a) tyrosine kinase high affinity Trk receptors and (b) the low affinity p75 receptor [20].
		Neurotrophin expression by LC cells and ONH astrocytes may be beneficial to RGCs during ischemia, but may be unable to promote the survival of these neurons during reperfusion.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2202/5/51 (6311 words)

	Structural Determinants of Neurotrophin Action -- McDonald and Chao 270 (34): 19669 -- Journal of Biological Chemistry
		The neurotrophins represent a family of survival and differentiation factors that exert profound effects in the central and peripheral nervous systems(1).
		The neurotrophins are currently under investigation as therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and nerve injury, either individually or in combination with other trophic factors such as ciliary neurotrophic factor or fibroblast growth factor (5, 6).
		Further indication of the conserved neurotrophin structure, in particular the dimer interface, is seen by their ability to form mixed heterodimers with other neurotrophins(38, 39, 40).
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/270/34/19669 (4621 words)

	Neurotrophin release by neurotrophins: Implications for activity-dependent neuronal plasticity -- Canossa et al. 94 ...
		Neurotrophins were quantified by using a two-site immunoassay (ref. 43; R.K., unpublished results).
		Neurotrophins induce BDNF release from acute hippocampal slices.
		Neurotrophins induce BDNF release from hippocampal neuron in culture.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/94/24/13279 (5177 words)

	Neurotrophin-Mediated Rapid Signaling in the Central Nervous System: Mechanisms and Functions -- Blum and Konnerth 20 ...
		The activated signaling pathways mediate effects of neurotrophins on neuronal survival, differentiation, and gene expression as well as acute effects on synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation, as indicated.
		that this neurotrophin conversion is needed for the expression
		Glutamate-induced neurotrophin release is mediated by metabotropic glutamate receptor type I (mGluRI) and subsequent activation of PLC.
	physiologyonline.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/20/1/70 (4246 words)

	Distribution of neurotrophin receptors in the mouse neuromuscular system (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		ABSTRACT The neurotrophins are a family of secreted proteins with critical roles in regulation of many aspects of neural development, survival and maintenance.
		In general, neurotrophins are considered to be supplied in limiting quantity by cells of a target tissue or synaptic partner.
		We believe this result indicates that the neurotrophic relationship between alpha motoneurons and their target cells is not a simple one of neurotrophin supply by skeletal muscle cells and its uptake at the neuromuscular junction.
	www.ijdb.ehu.es /abstract.0204/a569.html (297 words)

	Laser photocoagulation alters the pattern of staining for neurotrophin-4, GFAP, and CD68 in human retina -- Ghazi-Nouri ...
		Immunohistochemical analysis of the neurotrophins BDNF and NT-3 and their receptors trk B, trk C, and p75 in the developing chick retina.
		Role of neurotrophins in the control of neural development: neurotrophin-3 promotes both neuron differentiation and survival of cultured chick retinal cells.
		Expression of neurotrophins and trk receptors in the avian retina.
	bjo.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/87/4/488 (2793 words)

	Health of normal synapses seen to depend on neurotrophin signaling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Although neurotrophins are known to be critical during development, the current findings are among the first to show the importance of neurotrophin signaling at adult synapses.
		The results have implications for understanding how synapses are maintained in development and in adulthood, and suggest that neurotrophins may protect synapses from atrophy in aging and patients with certain neuromuscular diseases or injuries.
		To experimentally block the activity of neurotrophins at synapses, the researchers used a gene-therapy vector -- a cold virus stripped of its genes and reloaded with genes of the scientists' choosing -- to flood otherwise normal synapses with many copies of a nonfunctional form of the trkB receptor.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1999-11/UoPM-Hons-221199.php (679 words)

	Spatiotemporal Patterns of Expression of Neurotrophins and Neurotrophin Receptors in Mice Suggest Functional Roles in ...
		Western blot analysis of p75 neurotrophin receptor (A), truncated trk B receptor (B) and trk A receptor (C) in the mouse testis and epididymis at P1.
		The neurotrophin receptor immunoreactivities colocalized within the differentiating interstitial cell population, whereas no fluorescence was present in the testicular cords.
		Expression of neurotrophins and their receptors in the mammalian ovary is developmentally regulated: changes at the time of folliculogenesis.
	www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/full/61/4/1123 (6750 words)

	Long-range signaling within growing neurites mediated by neurotrophin-3 -- Chang and Popov 96 (7): 4095 -- Proceedings ...
		The neurotrophin hypothesis holds that proliferation, survival, and differentiation of various neuronal populations are determined
		In the past, neurotrophin effects were thought to be primarily mediated by long-range retrograde signaling to the soma, where
		Acute effects of neurotrophins on spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion from the nerve terminal are mediated by the Trk family
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/96/7/4095 (4629 words)

	Airway Neural Plasticity: The Nerves They Are A-Changin' -- Jacoby 28 (2): 138 -- American Journal of Respiratory Cell ...
		Neurotrophin p75 receptor is involved in neuronal damage by prion peptide-(106–126).
		A potential role for the p75 low-affinity neurotrophin receptor in spinal motor neuron degeneration in murine and human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
		Neurotrophin binding to the p75 receptor modulates Rho activity and axonal outgrowth.
	ajrcmb.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/28/2/138 (2133 words)

	Neurotrophin 4/5 is required for the normal development of the slow muscle fiber phenotype in the rat soleus -- ...
		Neurotrophin 4/5 is required for the normal development of the slow muscle fiber phenotype in the rat soleus -- Carrasco and English 206 (13): 2191 -- Journal of Experimental Biology
		Neurotrophin 4/5 (NT-4/5) accelerates the fast-to-slow myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform switch in neonatal rat soleus and its signaling is required for the normal development of the soleus muscle fiber phenotype.
		Neurotrophin 4/5 (NT-4/5) requires normal neuromuscular synaptic transmission to exert its effect on the neonatal rat soleus.
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/206/13/2191 (5018 words)

	The Neurotrophins Nerve Growth Factor, Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor, Neurotrophin-3, and Neurotrophin-4 Are ...
		of the neurotrophin receptors p75NTR, trkA, trkB, and trkC on
		up-regulation of the neurotrophin receptors p75NTR, trkA, trkB,
		Expression of the TrkB neurotrophin receptor by thymic macrophages.
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/full/198/3/455 (6612 words)

	CJNS- Neurotrophin Regulation of Gene Expression
		Abstract: The neurotrophins comprise a family of secreted proteins that elicit profound responses in cells of the developing and mature vertebrate nervous system including the regulation of neuronal survival and differentiation.
		The neurotrophins elicit responses in neurons via members of the Trk family of receptors and the p75 neurotrophin receptor.
		Once activated, neurotrophin receptors trigger a large number of biochemical events that propagate the neurotrophin signal from the plasma membrane to the interior of the cell.
	www.cjns.org /24novtoc/neurotr.html (155 words)

	NT-3 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Some researchers have shown the LNGFR binds and serves as a "sink" for neurotrophins.
		Cells which express both the LNGFR and the Trk receptors might therefore have a greater activity - since they have a higher "microconcentration" of the neurotrophin.
		[[4]] Similarities and differences in the way neurotrophins interact with the Trk receptors in neuronal and nonneuronal cells.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/NT-3 (637 words)

	Respiratory Research \| Full text \| Differential regulation of neurotrophin expression in human bronchial smooth muscle ...
		The expression of these neurotrophins may be differently regulated by inflammatory cytokines, suggesting a dynamic interplay that might have a potential role in airway inflammation.
		Neurotrophins, such as nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) were initially discovered as factors that regulate development, differentiation and survival of neurones (for review see [4]).
		Different members of the neurotrophin family often show distinct functional effects, a phenomenon that has been mostly studied in the nervous system [19-21], but has also been observed in epithelial cells [22].
	respiratory-research.com /content/7/1/18 (5954 words)

	A Novel Endocytic Recycling Signal Distinguishes Biological Responses of Trk Neurotrophin Receptors -- Chen et al. 16 ...
		trafficking of neurotrophin receptor subtypes TrkA and TrkB.
		Lee, F., and Chao, M. Activation of Trk neurotrophin receptors in the absence of neurotrophins.
		Pitts, A. F., and Miller, M. Expression of nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neurotrophin-3 in the somatosensory cortex of the mature rat: coexpression with high-affinity neurotrophin receptors.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/16/12/5761 (6958 words)

	Retinoic Acid Combined with Neurotrophin-3 Enhances the Survival and Neurite Outgrowth of Embryonic Sympathetic Neurons ...
		(14), whereas neurotrophins bind to integral membrane receptors.
		E6.5-7 sympathetic neurons were treated with neurotrophin in the absence or presence of the indicated neurotrophin for 7 days, fixed, and stained with antibodies that detect neuronal cell bodies (ANNA) and neurites (neurofilament-M).
		The p75 neurotrophin receptor mediates neuronal apoptosis and is essential for naturally occurring sympathetic neuron death.
	www.ebmonline.org /cgi/content/full/226/8/766 (6165 words)

	Changes in Neurotrophin Levels in Umbilical Cord Blood From Infants With Different Gestational Ages and Clinical ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Neurotrophins are one group of factors responsible for neuroprotection.
		Barde YA 1994 Neurotrophins: a family of proteins supporting the survival of neurons.
		Ciccolini F, Svendsen CN 2001 Neurotrophin responsiveness is differentially regulated in neurons and precursors isolated from the developing striatum.
	www.pedresearch.org /cgi/content/full/53/6/965 (3273 words)

	Neurotrophin Regulation of {beta}-Actin mRNA and Protein Localization within Growth Cones -- Zhang et al. 147 (1): 59 ...
		Neurotrophin Regulation of {beta}-Actin mRNA and Protein Localization within Growth Cones -- Zhang et al.
		Kaplan, D.R., Miller, F.D. Signal transduction by the neurotrophin receptors.
		Acute morphogenic and chemotropic effects or neurotrophins on cultured embryonic xenopus spinal neurons.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/147/1/59 (7079 words)

	Neurotrophins: key regulators of cell fate and cell shape in the vertebrate nervous system -- Bibel and Barde 14 (23): ...
		Neurotrophin binding to Trk receptors triggers dimerization leading to the activation of different signaling pathways through recruitment of various adapter molecules.
		Neurotrophins not only modulate dendritic growth but also the number of synapses and the efficacy of synaptic transmission.
		Neurotrophins have also been shown to be involved in one of the best-studied models of activity-dependent developmental plasticity
	www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/full/14/23/2919 (7852 words)

	The Neurotrophins Nerve Growth Factor, Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor, Neurotrophin-3, and Neurotrophin-4 Are ...
		The Neurotrophins Nerve Growth Factor, Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor, Neurotrophin-3, and Neurotrophin-4 Are Survival and Activation Factors for Eosinophils in Patients with Allergic Bronchial Asthma -- Nassenstein et al.
		The Neurotrophins Nerve Growth Factor, Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor, Neurotrophin-3, and Neurotrophin-4 Are Survival and Activation Factors for Eosinophils in Patients with Allergic Bronchial Asthma
		SAP expression of all neurotrophin receptors was markedly elevated
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/abstract/198/3/455 (510 words)

	Research \| Prevention of Abeta-Induced Degeneration With Neurotrophin Domain Mimetics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Neurotrophins are naturally occurring proteins that help maintain and protect brain cells.
		Unfortunately, the size and instability of neurotrophins prevent them from being administered as therapeutic agents.
		In this study, the investigators will (1) determine which of their compounds are most potent in protecting cells in laboratory studies and (2) characterize how these compounds engage cellular mechanisms to prevent degeneration.
	www.alz.org /Research/Funded/2004/04USA_Longo.asp (217 words)

	A neurotrophin axis in myeloma: TrkB and BDNF promote tumor-cell survival -- Pearse et al. 105 (11): 4429 -- Blood
		Retrograde transport of neurotrophins from the eye to the brain in chick embryos: roles of the p75NTR and trkB receptors.
		Neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors in human lung cancer.
		Human and murine lymphocyte neurotrophin expression is confined to B cells.
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/105/11/4429 (5673 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| The neurotrophin receptor p75NTR mediates early anti-inflammatory effects of estrogen in ...
		In this report, we test the hypothesis that estrogen's anti-inflammatory effects are mediated via the neurotrophin family of growth factors and receptors.
		Although classified as a neurotrophin receptor, p75NTR may also be considered a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family, due to the presence of specific domains called TRAF-interacting motifs or TIMs [30].
		In hippocampal explant cultures, endogenous neurotrophins produced by neurons appear to control the antigen presenting ability of microglia, and neurotrophins, via p75NTR, suppress MHC II molecules [28].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2202/6/58 (7648 words)

	Differential Cellular Expression of Neurotrophins in Cortical Tubers of the Tuberous Sclerosis Complex -- Kyin et al. ...
		Hassink GC, van Esseveldt KE, Dijkhuizen PA, Verhaagen J, Boer GJ: Ontogeny of neurotrophin receptor trkC expression in the rat forebrain and anterior hypothalamus with emphasis on the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
		Pitts AF, Miller MW: Expression of nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neurotrophin-3 in the somatosensory cortex of the mature rat: coexpression with high-affinity neurotrophin receptors.
		Pappas IS, Parnavelas JG: Neurotrophins and basic fibroblast growth factor induce the differentiation of calbindin-containing neurons in the cerebral cortex.
	ajp.amjpathol.org /cgi/content/full/159/4/1541 (7083 words)

	Pan-Neurotrophin Receptor p75 Contributes to Neuronal Hyperreactivity and Airway Inflammation in a Murine Model of ...
		Neurotrophins are increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after segmental allergen provocation.
		The role of neurotrophins in allergic bronchial asthma.
		Disruption of antigen-induced airway inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness in low-affinity neurotrophin receptor p75 gene deficient mice.
	ajrcmb.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/28/2/170 (4245 words)

	Expression of the Neurotrophin Receptor TrkB Is Associated With Unfavorable Outcome in Wilms' Tumor -- Eggert et al. 19 ...
		Expression of the Neurotrophin Receptor TrkB Is Associated With Unfavorable Outcome in Wilms' Tumor -- Eggert et al.
		Expression of the Neurotrophin Receptor TrkB Is Associated With Unfavorable Outcome in Wilms’ Tumor
		Donovan MJ, Hempstead B, Huber LJ, et al: Identification of the neurotrophin receptors p75 and trk in a series of Wilms’ tumors.
	www.jco.org /cgi/content/full/19/3/689 (3916 words)

	Neurotrophin Modulation of NMDA Receptors in Cultured Murine and Isolated Rat Neurons -- Jarvis et al. 78 (5): 2363 -- ...
		Neurotrophin Modulation of NMDA Receptors in Cultured Murine and Isolated Rat Neurons -- Jarvis et al.
		Neurotrophin Modulation of NMDA Receptors in Cultured Murine and Isolated Rat Neurons
		Neurotrophins are small (~13 kDa) basic endogenous proteins that increase the growth and differentiation in several types
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/78/5/2363 (5020 words)

	Presence and Localization of Neurotrophins and Neurotrophin Receptors in Rat Lacrimal Gland -- Ghinelli et al. 44 (8): ...
		Presence and Localization of Neurotrophins and Neurotrophin Receptors in Rat Lacrimal Gland -- Ghinelli et al.
		Neurotrophins (NTs) are a family of growth factors first identified
		Dalal, R, Djakiew, D. (1997) Molecular characterization of neurotrophin expression and the corresponding tropomyosin receptor kinases (trks) in epithelial and stromal cells of the human prostate Mol Cell Endocrinol 134,15-22
	www.iovs.org /cgi/content/full/44/8/3352 (4025 words)

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