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	Neutral Monism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Neutral monism was introduced as a form of reductionism.
		This shift in the physical objects that are the targets of neutral monistic reduction—the shift from the distal reduction of macrophysical objects to the proximal reduction of microphysical objects—constitutes a radical reversal of the original epistemic vision that inspired mainstream neutral monism.
		Neutral monism and phenomenalism are both logically independent and, in the history of Russell's thought, temporarily non-overlapping doctrines.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/neutral-monism (19059 words)

	Encyclopedia: Neutral monism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Neutral monism, in philosophy, is the metaphysical view that nature consists of one kind (hence monism) of primal stuff, which in itself is neither mental nor physical, but is capable of mental and physical aspects or attributes.
		Monism is the metaphysical view that all is of one essential essence, substance or energy.
		Neutral monism was introduced by the famous 17th century Dutch philosopher, Baruch Spinoza.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Neutral-monism (477 words)

	Monism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Monism is to be distinguished from dualism, which holds that ultimately there are two principles, and from pluralism, which holds that ultimately there are many principles.
		Another type of monism is qualified monism, the school of Ramanuja or Vishishtadvaita, which admits that the universe is part of God, or Narayana, a type of panentheism, but there is a plurality of souls within this supreme Being.
		There is a growing undercurrent of monism in the modern spiritual and philosophical climate, evidenced by increasing Western fascination with Hinduism (including Vedanta and Yoga), Taoism, Buddhism, Pantheism, Surat Shabda Yoga, Zen, and similar systems of thought which explore the mystical and spiritual elements of a monistic philosophy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Monism (1058 words)

	Monism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Monism is to be distinguished from dualism, which holds that ultimately there are two kinds of substance, and from pluralism, which holds that ultimately there are many kinds of substance.
		Neutral monism, which holds that both the mental and the physical can be reduced to some sort of third substance, or energy
		There is a growing undercurrent of monism in the modern spiritual and philosophical climate, evidenced by increasing Western fascination with Hinduism (including Vedanta and Yoga), Taoism, Buddhism, Pantheism, Zen, and similar systems of thought which explore the mystical and spiritual elements of a monistic philosophy.
	www.sevenhills.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Monism (901 words)

	Discussion of Amit Goswami's Science Within Consciousness
		In so far as Goswami's philosophy is a monism at all, it is therefore a neutral monism, not a mental monism (or 'monistic idealism' as he calls it).
		As I have argued elsewhere, any neutral monism is actually identical to a version of physical monism, just because the physical world is already as neutral as a world can be.
		Therefore, to say that a metaphysical theory such as Goswami's is a 'neutral' monism is just to say that it is a 'physical' monism.
	www.peterblloyd.org /essays/goswami.htm (2769 words)

	Bertrand Russell's Theory of Knowledge
		According to Russell, "materialistic monism" is the theory that all reality is physical, and that mental phenomena are merely rearrangements of physical matter.
		"Neutral monism" is the theory that physical and mental reality are not intrinsically different, and that physical and mental phenomena are merely rearrangements of a single, neutral substance or element.
		Russell criticizes "materialistic monism" for its assertion that every cognitive relation is physical, and for its assertion that there are no abstract facts.
	www.angelfire.com /md2/timewarp/russell.html (1005 words)

	Monism
		Monism quite naturally leads to Pantheism, which teaches that all religious paths lead to the same ultimate end, since there is (according to monism) only one ultimate reality and everything else is maya.
		The problem of Dualism or Monism in epistemology depends, therefore, for solution on the question whether perception is presentative or representative; and the dualist, who holds the presentative theory, seems to have on his side the verdict of introspective psychology as well as the approval of common sense.
		Neutral monism, a doctrine of Hume, Russell, and Mach, denies that reality is based in either the physical or the mental, but rather in one particular kind of substance that can be classified as neutral stuff.
	churches.net /churches/utmiss/Religionsectlists/Monism.htm (6975 words)

	The Aletheian Institute - EPISTEME - The Universal Dialectic
		Neutral monism, on the other hand, reduces phenomena to something else, a 'basic substrate' generally thought to be more fundamental than either mind or matter, and giving rise to both.
		Neutral monism has taken a variety of forms and been subject to a number of interpretations since its advent, but here we will talk about only those which are consistent with dialectical monism, briefly defined as the view that unity is duality, as duality is unity.
		A neutral monism based on our modern understanding of reality must take into account the fact that this 'potential-filled nothingness' is the bedrock of the world and is prerequisite to both matter and mind.
	naturyl.humanists.net /diamon.html (1768 words)

	Results for Monism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Monism is any doctrine based on the assumption of a single underlying principle.
		Though neutral monism is a quite general doctrine about the nature of...
		Davidson’s theory of mind, known as "anomalous monism," emerged as a form of identity theory that is sensitive to...
	www.xasa.cc /buscar/search/Monism (259 words)

	Neutral Monism: a semi-forgotten, adaptable option in POM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Although neutral monism is a metaphysical doctrine about the nature of reality (like its rivals materialism and idealism), it also finds a place in Philosophy of Mind as an attempt to come to terms with the traditional mind-body problem or today's hard problem of consciousness.
		Because early advocates of neutral monism were often empiricists, it is sometimes erroneously assumed that experience is the default selection as a neutral agency (i.e., the rest of perceptual qualities made mind-independent as extension and motion were in material realism).
		But newer versions may take the view that the neutral stuff is either quantum or spacetime events, as Bertrand Russell later shifted to; or dispositions of a noumenal substrate represented by logical constructs and abstract formalism.
	cognews.com /1127416632 (267 words)

	Monism
		But Monism can also be defined as the thesis that there is only one spiritual or Divine reality, and that physical and psychic reality are not separate from that.
		Monism (in the sense of Spiritual Monism) sees the Divine as an all-embracing impersonal or transpersonal Absolute Reality, which is identified with the innermost Self (the "God within").
		The persuasive thing about Monism is that it agrees with the universal quality of mystical experience; which is an all- embracing sense of unity.
	www.kheper.net /topics/worldviews/Monism.htm (1160 words)

	Neutral -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		They received their name from the French because they were neutral in the known wars between the Iroquois and the Huron before the mid-17th century.
		The fifth Hague Convention of 1907 declares that the territory of neutral powers is inviolable and that a neutral state has a duty to prevent a belligerent state from carrying the conflict to its territory.
		Subcutaneous deposits of neutral lipids insulate animals against cold because of the low rate of heat transfer in fats, a property especially important to animals commonly found in cold waters or cold climates; e.g., whales, walruses, and bears.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9055401?tocId=9055401 (801 words)

	MSN Encarta - Print Preview - Metaphysics
		This method may be subdivided into monism, which holds that the universe is made up of a single fundamental substance; dualism, the belief in two such substances; and pluralism, which proposes the existence of many fundamental substances.
		Thus, in idealistic monism the substance is believed to be purely mental; in materialistic monism it is held to be purely physical, and in neutral monism it is considered neither exclusively mental nor solely physical.
		The idealistic position was held by the Irish philosopher George Berkeley, the materialistic by the English philosopher Thomas Hobbes, and the neutral by the Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761555386___2/Metaphysics.html (415 words)

	Mind Body Problem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Pribram (1986), for example, advocated a neutral monism, in which mind and matter both exist and interact.
		Pribram and Bohm agree that the world arises out of a neutral monism in which the implicate, potential states are explicated upon observation, and that is the only duality of the world.
		Walker argued against neutral monism suggesting that consciousness is the only hidden variable that needs to be added to make the data of physics logically consistent.
	www.angelfire.com /ma3/holoweb/page12.html (250 words)

	Monism - TheBestLinks.com - Artificial intelligence, Buddhism, B. F. Skinner, Cognitive science, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Monism is the metaphysical position that only one sort of "substance" or "stuff" ultimately exists.
		Neutral monism, which holds that both the mental and the physical can be reduced to some sort of third, more "neutral" kind of stuff
		Historically, monism has been promoted in spiritual terms on several occasions, most notably by Ernst Haeckel.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Monism.html (640 words)

	neutral monism -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		More results on "neutral monism" when you join.
		These views of meaningfulness are essentially refinements of the doctrine of so-called protocol sentences, developed in the late 1920s and early 1930s and elaborated especially by Carnap, by Otto Neurath, a polymath sociologist and philosopher, and also (with some differences) by Schlick.
		Belligerent forces and material, including war vessels and prizes overstaying the period allowed by law, found in neutral territory are to be interned.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9055402?tocId=9055402 (771 words)

	Neutral monism -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Neutral monism is the (Click link for more info and facts about philosophical) philosophical view that (Click link for more info and facts about mental event) mental events and physical events can both be reduced to aspects of some neutral substance, which considered by itself is neither physical nor mental.
		Neutral monism was introduced by the famous (Click link for more info and facts about 17th century) 17th century Dutch philosopher, (Click link for more info and facts about Baruch Spinoza) Baruch Spinoza, and a version of it was propounded at various times by (English philosopher and mathematician who collaborated with Whitehead (1872-1970)) Bertrand Russell.
		The American philosopher (Click link for more info and facts about Donald Davidson) Donald Davidson advanced a position on mind-body identity he called "anomalous monism," which is related to but probably not exactly the same as these earlier theories.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/n/ne/neutral_monism.htm (183 words)

	Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind - monism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		In philosophy of mind, monism is usually contrasted with the dualist position that mind and matter are deeply different.
		For example, Hobbes felt that the mental is merely and epiphenomena of the physical, thus the physical is the one real substance (Contemporary materialism is also a form of physicalistic monism (see Churchland, 1996).
		Spinoza's position is similar to that of Russell's neutral monism, however the latter is not committed to the belief that a supreme being is the more basic substance.
	www.artsci.wustl.edu /~philos/MindDict/monism.html (206 words)

	On the Side of Reason
		Since at least the time of Bertie Russell, The Analysis of Mind (1921), folks have turned to 'neutral monism' as a means to avoid the incoherence of materialism and dualism, without having to embrace the dreaded immaterialism.
		Hence, the central problem for neutral monism is seen as that of specifying clearly the nature of the neutral stuff without qualifying it in an exclusively mental or physical fashion.
		Neutral monism has taken a variety of forms, but mainly those of phenomenalism and, more recently, informationalism.
	home.comcast.net /~dantsmith/nexu33.htm (5034 words)

	Monism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Monism is the metaphysicsmetaphysical position that all is of one essential essence, mattersubstance or energy.
		Monism is to be distinguished from dualism, which holds that ultimately there are two kinds of substance, and from pluralism (philosophy of mind)pluralism, which holds that ultimately there are many kinds of substance.
		The first religious system in India that clearly explicated monism was that of Advaita (or nondualist) Vedanta (see Advaita Vedanta) as expounded by Adi SankaraAdi Shankaracharya.
	www.infothis.com /find/Monism (810 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The term monism was first used by Christian Wolff in his discussions of the mind-body problem to depict both philosophers who would only acknowledge the mind (idealism or mentalism) and philosophers who only acknowledged the body (materialism).
		The denial of monism forces commitment to either dualism or pluralism.
		Descartes is a half-subscriber to this form of monism; he accepted this theory as far as matter was concerned, but rejected it when it was applied to the mind.
	www.jahsonic.com /Monism.html (331 words)

	Comments on: Amit Goswami's 'Science within Consciousness' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		In so far as Goswami's philosophy is a monism at all, it is therefore a neutral monism, not a mental monism (or 'monistic idealism' as he calls it).
		As I have argued elsewhere, any neutral monism is actually identical to a version of physical monism, just because the physical world is already as neutral as a world can be.
		Therefore, to say that a metaphysical theory such as Goswami's is a 'neutral' monism is just to say that it is a 'physical' monism.
	easyweb.easynet.co.uk /~ursa/philos/goswami.htm (2759 words)

	Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind - neutral monism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		neutral monism - The doctrine that reality, though unified, is neither mental nor physical but rather conglomerations of a neutral entity.
		The following is a classic argument for neutral monism taken from Bertrand Russell (1929).
		One of the most painful circumstances of recent advances in science is that each one makes us know less than we thought we did.
	artsci.wustl.edu /~philos/MindDict/neutralmonism.html (1357 words)

	From theism to process theology to neutral monism
		This was largely a 'scientific' affair, though one demanding an extension of the lex naturalis specifically in support of life and mind (and for that matter, also of evolution).
		It was only much later that I came to fit this into the broader context of a 'systems philosophy' grounded upon neutral monism.
		One way of viewing the advance from theism to panentheism would be to say that it was a step in the direction of monism -though one stopping far short of the classical monisms of Lao Tzu and the Bhagavad Gita.
	ontodynamics.com /Summary_Approach.htm (518 words)

	Omkarananda Ashram Publications: The Science of Reality and Its Aspects
		Radical Monism essentially emphasizes the underlying spiritual oneness of the finite self with the Absolute.
		The structural problem can be stated in philosophic terms thus: the perceptual situation can be analysed into a subject - the self, or pure act of perceiving -, the content - sense data, and the object - the physical thing perceived.
		The true may sometimes in life be neutral or disvaluable, but it does not affect the love of truth as a philosophic value.
	www.omkarananda-ashram.net /science.html (6354 words)

	IS Ramachandran a neutral-monist?: Philosophy Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Normally a neutral monist wouldn't phrase qualia as a "problem" (neutral monists are normally methodological solipsists who would take qualia as clearer and better known than gray brain mush or brain state data printouts) and to talk of "two different ways of describing the world" seems more of a dual-aspect-esque approach (like Nagel)...
		He seems to have something of a neutral monist in the sense that he sees the two possibilities as essentiallydescribing the same thing 'world'.
		My position this week is that Monisms must unite as it takes properties to differentiate between them and they are beyond that.
	forums.philosophyforums.com /thread/16260 (960 words)

	On de Quincey's "Language, Energy & Consciousness" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		In my view, neutral monism is the same ontological doctrine as physical monism.
		He identifies two possible kinds of idealism: the maya hypothesis, in which the physical world is held to be a delusion or fiction, and emanationism, in which the physical world is real but somehow emanates or condenses from the mental or spiritual realm.
		His concern is that if mental monism asserts the non-existence of physical matter, then it must be impossible to lead a normal life, interacting with people and objects in the usual, sane way.
	easyweb.easynet.co.uk /~ursa/philos/quincey.htm (1868 words)

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