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Topic: Neutrality Acts

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	Neutrality Acts - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Neutrality Acts were a series of laws passed in the United States in the 1930s, in response to the growing turmoil in Europe and Asia that was to lead to the Second World War.
		The legacy of the Acts is widely regarded as having been generally negative; they made no distinction between aggressor and victim, treating both equally as "belligerents", and they limited the US government's ability to aid Britain against Nazi Germany until the formal declaration of war in 1941 rendered them irrelevant.
		The Neutrality Act of 1936, passed in February of that year, sought to close the loopholes in the 1935 Act by prohibiting trade in war materials as well as loans or credits to belligerents.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Neutrality_Acts (443 words)

	Neutrality Act - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		NEUTRALITY ACT [Neutrality Act] law passed by the U.S. Congress and signed by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt in Aug., 1935.
		The Neutrality Act was amended (Feb., 1936) to prohibit the granting of loans to belligerents, and later (Jan. and May, 1937) neutrality was extended to cover civil wars, a step inspired by the Spanish civil war.
		In Nov., 1939, the act was revised in favor of supplying warring nations on the "cash-and-carry" principle; but U.S. vessels were excluded from combat zones, and U.S. citizens were forbidden from sailing on belligerent vessels.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-neutrala1.html (397 words)

	FM 27-10 Chptr 9 Neutrality
		Traditionally, neutrality on the part of a State not a party to the war has consisted in refraining from all participation in the war, and in preventing, tolerating, and regulating certain acts on its own part, by its nationals, and by the belligerents.
		In order to protect its neutrality, a State whose territory is adjacent to a theater of war normally mobilizes a portion of its forces to prevent troops of either belligerent from entering its territory, to intern such as maybe permitted to enter, and generally to carry out its duties of neutrality.
		Should the neutral State be unable, or fail for any reason, to prevent violations of its neutrality by the troops of one belligerent entering or passing through its territory, the other belligerent may be justified in attacking the enemy forces on this territory.
	faculty.ed.umuc.edu /~nstanton/Ch9.htm (2682 words)

	"Neutrality Act" of August 31, 1935
		The President, by proclamation, shall definitely enumerate the arms, ammunition, or implements of war, the export of which is prohibited by this Act.
		In every case of the violation of any of the provisions of this Act where a specific penalty is not herein provided, such violator or violators, upon conviction, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.
		If any of the provisions of this Act, or the application thereof to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, the remainder of the Act, and the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances, shall not be affected thereby.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/interwar/neutralityact.htm (771 words)

	Neutrality Act — Infoplease.com
		In Nov., 1939, the act was revised in favor of supplying warring nations on the “cash-and-carry”; principle; but U.S. vessels were excluded from combat zones, and U.S. citizens were forbidden from sailing on belligerent vessels.
		neutrality - neutrality, in international law, status of a nation that refrains from participation in a war...
		The incoherence of neutrality: a case for eliminating neutrality from religion clause jurisprudence.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0835328.html (382 words)

	WordsRU
		The Neutrality Acts were the legal expression of this isolationist sentiment.
		Indeed, the destabilized global situation during the 1930s - the invasion of Manchuria by Japan in 1931 and Ethiopia by Italy in 1935 - heightened fears of an impending international conflict.The Neutrality Acts were the legal expression of this isolationist sentiment.
		We are not isolationist except in so far as we seek to isolate ourselves completely from war." The continual revision of the Neutrality Act as the international situation deteriorated represented an attempt to avoid any circumstances that might lead to involvement in a conflict.
	www.wordsru.com /tiertwo.php?task=sampleA (412 words)

	[No title]
		One of the major weaknesses of the Neutrality legislation of the 1930s was that: A: it was so flexible that it was no hindrance to American involvement in international hostilities.
		The neutrality legislation of 1935-1937 was basee on the contention that one of the chief causes of American involvement in World War I was: A: economic ties with the belligerents.
		On the basis of the neutrality legislation in the 18.
	www2.rpa.net /~bcds/UNIT9-4.TXT (898 words)

	Neutrality
		Tolerance neutrality is neutrality not say that although god to another.
		Neutrality nonfamily as invidious classifications neutrality that whatsoever of the united.
		What neutrality you neutrality can neutrality there neutrality be mistaken about what is net neutrality.
	neutrality.goofybow.net /neutrality_27.html (430 words)

	Dummies::U.S. History — Neutrality after World War I
		Enacted in response to the Italian invasion of Ethiopia in May 1935, the Neutrality Act of 1935 prohibited the sales of arms and munitions to countries that were at war and prohibited Americans from traveling on warring countries' ships, except at their own risk.
		The Neutrality Act of 1936 extended the legislation and added an additional ban on making loans or extending credit to belligerents (nations at war).
		Although support for isolationism as expressed in the neutrality acts was strong, some Americans believed that collective security — determined action by the nations of the world against those who committed aggression — was the best way to prevent war.
	www.dummies.com /WileyCDA/DummiesTip/id-3018.html (460 words)

	[No title]
		The Neutrality Acts were intended to keep the United States clear of entanglements that might unwittingly lead to war.
		It is safe to assert that the absolute category of neutrality on the one hand, and belligerency on the other hand, will not square with the test of actual state practice, there is a third category in which certain acts of partiality are legal even under the law of neutrality.
		The assertion that traditional neutrality was no longer complete was not mere political rhetoric justifying a sensitive policy (though it was that as well)--it was an assessment of the situation the world confronted in the years immediately prior to the United States' entry into the war.
	www.ndu.edu /inss/McNair/mcnair33/m33c4.html (1122 words)

	This Day in History
		On this day in 1939, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt appears before Congress and asks that the Neutrality Acts, a series of laws passed earlier in the decade, be amended.
		In 1936 and 1937, the Neutrality Acts had been expanded to restrict the sale of arms and war materials during a period of isolationist sentiment.
		In December 1941, the act was rendered moot by the bombing of Pearl Harbor and America’s subsequent entry into World War II.
	www.history.com /tdih.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&id=50790 (404 words)

	Red Cross Red Crescent - The fundamental principle of neutrality
		Implicitly, this compliance with the principle of Neutrality is also a condition for operational efficiency, which requires confidence of all in many contexts, i.e.
		neutrality implies not acting in a way that could facilitate the conduct of hostilities by any of the parties involved.
		Therefore, the principle of Neutrality is to be seen in a global perspective.
	www.ifrc.org /what/values/principles/neutrality.asp (404 words)

	Nye Committee, Neutrality Acts, Quarantine Speech, Destroyer Deal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Other acts required the president to place an embargo on the shipment of arms to nations at war, authorized him to keep U.S. citizens from sailing on the ships of those nations, and forbade the carrying by American ships of guns or ammunition to countries at war (belligerents had to provide transport ships themselves).
		The effect of these acts, however, was to preclude American aid to Abyssinia, Spain, and China, and thus hurt the victims of aggression more than the aggressors.
		With destroyers-for-bases, he could argue, after the fact, that he was acting in the interests of national security by providing a more secure defense of the U.S. With the fall of France, Congress and Roosevelt decided to give Britain "all aid short of war" so that the British might defend democracy against fascism.
	www.owlnet.rice.edu /~mwfriedm/terms/david25.html (1078 words)

	Congress, Neutrality, and Lend-Lease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Between 1935 and 1937 Congress passed three "Neutrality Acts" that tried to keep the United States out of war, by making it illegal for Americans to sell or transport arms, or other war materials to belligerent nations.
		Supporters of neutrality, called "isolationists" by their critics, argued that America should avoid entangling itself in European wars.
		The passage of the 1939 Neutrality Act marked the beginning of a congressional shift away from isolationism.
	www.archives.gov /exhibits/treasures_of_congress/text/page20_text.html (257 words)

	Neutrality Acts
		The Neutrality Acts were a series of acts created by the United States Congress that were geared toward keeping the United States out of another war.
		It was believed that if American ships were carrying weapons to a nation at war, they would be a logical target for an enemy nation and the U.S. could be drawn into another war.
		These acts released the United States from responsibility for actions that could provoke such a situation, and thus released the United States from the obligation of war in certain scenarios.
	library.thinkquest.org /15511/data/encyclopedia/neutralityacts.htm (115 words)

	Belligerent Acts
		Neutrality Patrol is extended east to 26°W, Iceland, and 20°S, almost to Rio.
		Neutral Egyptian steamship Zamzam is shelled and sunk by German auxiliary cruiser Atlantis (Schiffe 16) in South Atlantic; 138 Americans (including 24 ambulance drivers) are among rescued passengers.
		British warships operating on the Northern Patrol continue to stop neutral merchantman; between this date and 12 October, 63 vessels are stopped, of which 20 are detained for the inspection of their cargoes.
	www.ww2pacific.com /bellacts.html (1645 words)

	World history 1936 -1937 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The rest of Europe followed a policy of neutrality, denying the legitimate government of Spain the arms it needed to defend itself.
		In May, the Neutrality Acts were once again amended, this time making it unlawful for American citizens to travel on belligerent vessels.
		-In total opposition to the tone of the neutrality legislation, President Roosevelt, in a speech in Chicago, called for an international "quarantine of the aggressor nations." Roosevelt realized that he was ahead of public opinion; thus it would be a long time before he would repeat the theme.
	www.multied.com /dates/1936.html (968 words)

	Wilson's Appeal For Neutrality August 19, 1914
		Every man who really loves America will act and speak in the true spirit of neutrality, which is the spirit of impartiality and fairness and friendliness to all concerned.
		The first commissioners appointed shall continue in office for terms of three, four, five, six, and seven years, respectively, from the date of the taking effect of this Act, the term of each to be designated by the President, but their successors shall be appointed for terms of seven years.
		The commission is hereby empowered and directed to prevent persons, partnerships, or corporations, except banks, and common carriers subject to the Acts to regulate commerce, from using unfair methods of competition in commerce.
	www.multied.com /documents/WilsonNeutrality.html (1384 words)

	Neutral Rights
		A neutral avoids involvement in the conflict, but usually tries to maintain trading opportunities with the warring parties.
		Belligerent armies are not to enter or engage in hostilities in a neutral nation and are subject to internment if they do so.
		Regarding Mongolia DECLARATION In conformity with the spirit of the Pact on neutrality concluded on April 13, 1941, between the U.S.S.R. and Japan, the Government of the U.S.S.R. and the Government of Japan, in the interest of insuring...
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h698.html (496 words)

	[No title]
		Even a neutral cannot be asked to close his mind or close his conscience.” But, realizing that isolationist or “America First” sentiment remained strong, he ended his speech with these words: “I have said not once but many times that I have seen war and that I hate war.
		As long as it remains within my power to prevent, there will be no flout of peace in the United States.” This laid the groundwork for Roosevelt’s efforts to mobilize public opinion against the Neutrality Acts and for “measures short of war” that would help the Allies fight the Axis.
		The Neutrality Act of 1939 (enacted on 4 November) ended mandatory arms embargos against belligerents and gave the President the power to authorize “cash-and-carry” sales of armaments to belligerents.
	www.mtsu.edu /~tah/era8/fdr_a5.doc (236 words)

	World War II campaigns -- isolationist America President Roosevelt 1930s (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Thus the Act is generally referred to in the plural as the Neutrality Acts.
		Administration attempts to change provision of the Neutrality Acts run into Congressionl opposition, but public opinion polls show that American public opinion was beginning to change in 1939.
		The Neutrality Acts would, however, require the Administration to terminate sales to all belingerants if war was declared.
	histclo.usanethosting.com /essay/war/ww2/cou/us/pr/pr30.html (2751 words)

	AlterNet: Rights and Liberties: Paintball: The New Threat to National Security
		In the summer of 2003, federal prosecutors in Alexandria indicted the men on charges of violating the Neutrality Acts (1937 and 1939), a law that forbid an American citizens or residents from attacking countries (in this case, India) with which the United States is at peace.
		With the Patriot Act’s sanctioning intelligence infiltration of religious establishments and meeting, Muslims cannot help but feel that participation in mosque activities and services in which politics are mentioned may bring the possibility of prosecution and prison.
		But since that tragedy, the Patriot Act, the Homeland Security Act, countless regulations and aggressive prosecutions support prejudice against Muslims, who are guilty by association with a cause antipathetic to the U.S. government.
	www.alternet.org /rights/18643 (1649 words)

	WORLD WAR II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		These acts said that if a foreign war began, there would be no sale of war goods, no loans and no Americans sailing on ships of those fighting in the war.
		In 1939, another Neutrality Act was passed by Congress.
		The act of interfering or involving oneself in the affairs of another nation.
	translationkz.8k.com /us/ww2.htm (895 words)

	Lend Lease Act, 11 March 1941
		(e) Nothing in this Act shall be construed to authorize or to permit the authorization of the entry of any American vessel into a combat area in violation of section 3 of the neutrality Act of 1939.
		Nothing in this Act shall be construed to change existing law relating to the use of the land and naval forces of the United States, except insofar as such use relates to the manufacture, procurement, and repair of defense articles, the communication of information and other noncombatant purposes enumerated in this Act.
		If any provision of this Act or the application of such provision to any circumstance shall be held invalid, the validity of the remainder of the Act and the applicability of such provision to other circumstances shall not be affected thereby.
	www.history.navy.mil /faqs/faq59-23.htm (856 words)

	Christian Neutrality
		Paul had foretold at Acts 20:29: “I know that after my going away [in death] oppressive wolves will enter in among you and will not treat the flock with tenderness, and from among you yourselves men will rise and speak twisted things, to draw away the disciples after themselves.” This is exactly what happened.
		Besides that, by joining the armed forces, even in the performance of non-combatant duties, a Christian would no longer be neutral, or “no part of the world” but would be supporting one government over another, contrary to the example set by Jesus and the early Christians who were neutral toward all governments.
		This subject of Christian neutrality and its related issues should not be taken lightly, just as the record is clear that early Christians didn’t take these issues lightly.
	jehovah.to /exe/general/neutrality.htm (13038 words)

	American Foreign Policy 1920-1940
		Neutrality Acts from 1935-1937 attempted to prevent U.S. involvement in international disputes by restricting arms sales and establishing a "cash-and-carry" policy in which belligerents could only purchase nonmilitary goods, pay cash, and use their own ships.
		He asked for a relaxation of Neutrality Act restrictions to allow war materiel to be purchased by Allied forces on a cash-and-carry basis
		Neutrality was abandoned by the U.S. in 1940 with lend-lease policies that gave FDR permission to give arms to the Allies.
	home.earthlink.net /~gfeldmeth/lec.forpol.html (744 words)

	[No title]
		Briefly I think one possible motive for 9/11 was to "wreck relations" between Arabs and Americans, thereby leaving various Arab and/or Muslim governments with less in the way of "infidel support" in resisting local insurgencies.
		Now as for an individual citizen supporting foreign belligerents I think doing so might seem likely to be in violation of various neutrality acts.
		In my view, violating my nation's neutrality is the sort of thing I'm better off leaving to my government.
	www.beliefnet.com /boards_mini/index.asp?boardID=86274 (816 words)

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