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Topic: Neutrality Patrol

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	US Navy, USN, Neutrality, Act, Patrol, Atlantic, Battle
		Neutrality Announced - On the 5th, President Roosevelt declared the neutrality of the United States in accordance with the 1937 Neutrality Act.
		The Neutrality Patrol was formed on the 12th under the command of Commander Atlantic Squadron (Rear-Adm A W Johnson).
		Neutrality Act - The Neutrality Act was amended on the 4th November to allow the supply of arms to belligerents on a "cash and carry" basis.
	www.naval-history.net /WW2USN193909.htm (3439 words)

	Network Neutrality for Dummies
		With natural monopolies in both copper wire and fiber optic cable networks, their pockets are deep and their alpha dog position virtually unassailable.
		At the heart of the net neutrality debate lies the question of whether or not the companies who own the access, or pipes, to the internet, have the right to segregate that access, or if the internet's onramps should be considered more like a public utility that everyone should have access to.
		The FCC voted to apply a draconian version of the USF (Universal Service Fund) to voip providers, forcing them to shoulder a crushing tax burden to fund the build out of narrow band capacity that their customers will never use.
	www.voip.com /voip_articles/Network_Neutrality_for_Dummies.aspx (649 words)

	USS Jacob Jones (DD-130) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Organized in September 1939 as a response to the war in Europe, the Neutrality Patrol was ordered to track and report the movements of any warlike operations of belligerents in the waters of the Western Hemisphere.
		The basic purpose of the patrol "was to emphasize the readiness of the United States Navy to defend the Western Hemisphere." In June, after 2 months of duty with the Neutrality Patrol, Jacob Jones returned to training midshipmen.
		She resumed her operations with the Neutrality Patrol in March 1941, patrolling the waters from Key West to Yucatan Channel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/USS_Jacob_Jones_(DD-130) (1858 words)

	USS Ranger (CV-4) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		In the fall of 1939, she commenced Neutrality Patrol operations, operating out of Bermuda along the trade routes of the middle Atlantic and up the eastern seaboard up to Argentia, Newfoundland.
		She was returning to Norfolk from an ocean patrol extending to Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor.
		She patrolled with the British Second Battle Squadron in waters reaching to Iceland, and then departed on 26 November, arriving Boston 4 December.
	www.bonneylake.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/USS_Ranger_(CV-4) (1428 words)

	U.S.C.G.C. Duane National Register of Historic Places Nomination
		The Neutrality Patrol was an attempt to show the readiness of the U.S. Navy to defend the Western Hemisphere against "belligerent " forces.
		Patrols off the coast of Viet Nam were three weeks each, with one WHEC remaining in the Gulf of Thailand to offer support to ground troops with their long range Sin, guns.
		The last patrol mission was to the Bo De River area during which the 1776th round was fired through the deck guns on the 4th of July.
	www.indiana.edu /~r317doc/327/duanenrhp.html (7289 words)

	DD-431 Plunket
		Initially in the latter area, she joined other Neutrality Patrol vessels off Tampico to prevent the departure of several German steamers, then cruised off Martinique, French Antilles to prevent the dispatching of warships, equipment, and gold to the Vichy government.
		Patrol and convoy missions in the North Atlantic followed, and, on 7 December 1941, she was enroute from Reykjavik to Argentia.
		Employed on North Sea patrols and escort work over the first leg of the Murmansk run, she was relieved, by Mayrant, in mid-May and assigned to escort New York back to the United States.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/agency/navy/dd-431.htm (964 words)

	A Tin Can Sailors Destroyer History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		In September 1938, she joined the neutrality patrol and, at one point, carried a consignment of gold from the Bank of England to the Federal Reserve Bank in New York.
		Her patrols of the western Atlantic were relatively uneventful until the morning of 6 November off the Cape Verde Islands when she and the OMAHA (CL-4) intercepted what appeared to be an American merchantman identified as the WILLMOTO.
		She was back on patrol for blockade runners and German submarines in the South Atlantic in February and continued on that duty through the end of the year.
	www.destroyers.org /nl-histories/dd381-nl.htm (923 words)

	Chronology-1939
		Sept 5, 1939 - President issues two Neutrality Proclamations; one according to Neutrality Act of 1937 which forbids shipment of arms and munitions to belligerents, the other in accordance with international law.
		President orders a Neutrality Patrol by Navy to report and track any belligerent air, surface, or underwater naval forces approaching Atlantic coasts of the United States or the West Indies.
		A neutrality zone some 300 miles in breadth is to be patrolled by the United States Navy.
	www.angelfire.com /hi/wwiifrontline/1939.html (518 words)

	USS Alexander Hamilton
		On 5 September President Franklin D. Roosevelt proclaimed American neutrality in the conflict and ordered the formation of a neutrality patrol by the Navy to report and track any belligerent air, surface, or submarine activity in the waters off the United States' east coast and in the West Indies.
		She conducted neutrality patrol duties, observing foreign ships passing through district waters, and maintained station off Cape Hatteras—the most likely locality in which ships in distress could be eneountered.
		Following her tenth and final weather patrol (17 October to 5 November 1941), Hamilton underwent voyage repairs and upkeep at Norfolk that lasted through the American entry into World War II on 7 December with the Japanese attack on the Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor.
	www.multied.com /navy/cutter/AlexanderHamilton2.html (2502 words)

	VPNAVY - VP-74 History Summary Page - VP Patrol Squadron
		On September 6, Commander, Atlantic Squadron reported to CNO that the patrol was operating and by the 20th, when a revised Atlantic Squadron OpOrder (20-39) became effective, Atlantic coastal waters from Nova Scotia, Canada, to the Lesser Antilles, West Indies, were under daily surveillance by surface and air patrols.
		Aircraft patrols were initiated by the patrol squadrons, deployed to assigned Neutrality Patrol bases - most of them ill-equipped to support aircraft and crews for flight operations at the level required for daily patrols.
		Patrols covered the area from Guantanamo to San Juan, coordinated with VP-51, destroyers, and the cruisers Tuscaloosa (CA-37) and San Francisco (CA-38), Cruisers Ouincy (CA-39) and Vincennes (CA-44): Patrolled sea approaches between Norfolk and Newport.
	www.vpnavy.com /vp74_1940.html (2919 words)

	Brooklyn class war records
		For the rest of 1941 she was engaged on Neutrality Patrols in the Atlantic.
		Between the summer of 1939 and May 1941 she served in the Pacific, but was then transferred to the Atlantic, where she participated in Neutrality Patrols and in the occupation of Iceland.
		She then served on the Neutrality Patrol, based on Bermuda until March 1942, when ordered to the Pacific with the carrier Hornet, with whom she subsequently took part in the Doolittle raid on Tokyo on 17 April 1942.
	www.world-war.co.uk /US/brook_war.html (2915 words)

	USS Reuben James (DD-245) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Based then at New York City, she patrolled the Nicaraguan coast to prevent the delivery of weapons to revolutionaries in early 1926.
		Recommissioned on 9 March 1932, the ship again operated in the Atlantic and the Caribbean, patrolling Cuban waters during the coup by Fulgencio Batista.
		Upon the outbreak of war in Europe in September 1939, she joined the Neutrality Patrol, and guarded the Atlantic and Caribbean Sea approaches the American coast.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/USS_Reuben_James_(DD-245) (444 words)

	USS TUSCALOOSA (CA-37) FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		She departed the Caribbean on 27_October, bound for Hampton Roads, and arrived at Norfolk on 5_November and, but for gunnery exercises off the Virginia_capes from the 13th to the 15th, remained in the Hampton Roads areas until mid-December.
		Capt. Wilhelm_Daehne, the master of the ''Columbus'', was careful to keep his ship within the 300 mile (480 km) neutrality zone until she was abreast of the Delaware capes.
		Soon thereafter, ''Tuscaloosa'' returned to the neutrality patrol and conducted monotonous but intensive patrols in the Caribbean and Bermuda areas through the summer and fall months of 1940.
	www.palfacts.com /USS_Tuscaloosa_(CA-37) (5209 words)

	[No title]
		The Neutrality Acts were intended to keep the United States clear of entanglements that might unwittingly lead to war.
		It is safe to assert that the absolute category of neutrality on the one hand, and belligerency on the other hand, will not square with the test of actual state practice, there is a third category in which certain acts of partiality are legal even under the law of neutrality.
		The assertion that traditional neutrality was no longer complete was not mere political rhetoric justifying a sensitive policy (though it was that as well)--it was an assessment of the situation the world confronted in the years immediately prior to the United States' entry into the war.
	www.ndu.edu /inss/McNair/mcnair33/m33c4.html (1122 words)

	Belligerent Acts
		Neutrality Patrol is extended east to 26°W, Iceland, and 20°S, almost to Rio.
		Patrol stops 108 merchantmen over the next three weeks, ordering 28 into the port to have their cargoes inspected, confiscated, and to remove German nationals.
		British warships operating on the Northern Patrol continue to stop neutral merchantman; between this date and 12 October, 63 vessels are stopped, of which 20 are detained for the inspection of their cargoes.
	www.ww2pacific.com /bellacts.html (1644 words)

	Morrill
		Morrill, a second‑class patrol vessel, was built in 1889 by Pusey and Jones Corp. for the Revenue Cutter Service.
		Based at Detroit, she patrolled the waters of Lakes Huron, St. Clair, Erie, and Ontario, aiding vessels in distress and enforcing navigation laws.
		She was reassigned to the Lakes Division 28 August 1919 and was most active in regatta patrols for the remainder of her commissioned service.
	www.history.navy.mil /danfs/m14/morrill.htm (442 words)

	[No title]
		The neutrality patrol was established by the Declaration of Panama, the President's "in plain English" order was recorded in a manuscript in the U.S. Navy Department Library, Washington, D.C. entitled "Administrative History of the U.S. Atlantic Fleet", vol.
		In the Pacific, U.S. military personnel were being released from their obligations to the United States to join the war on the side of the Chinese against Japan and a U.S. military mission was established in China to support General Chiang Kai-shek at Chungking.
		This demonstrates that the futility of neutrality as a protection against German aggression was understood outside of the United States.
	www.ndu.edu /inss/McNair/mcnair33/m33c4n.html (986 words)

	Air Patrol Station Charleston
		Ships sighted by the patrols, both air and surface, were to be identified by name, nationality, estimated tonnage, color and markings and were to be photographed whenever possible.
		On September 6, Commander Atlantic Squadron reported to CNO that the patrol was operating and by the 20th, Atlantic Coastal waters from Nova Scotia Canada to the lesser Antilles were under daily surveillance.
		The Navy Neutrality Patrol effort was supplemented by Coast Guard surface and aircraft coverage of coastal areas.
	www.uscg.mil /hq/g-cp/history/stations/apcharleston.html (607 words)

	USS Tuscalousa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		In May 1937 the Fleet again exercised in Alaskan waters and in tie vicinity of the Hawaiian Islands and Midway, practicing the tactics of seizing advanced base sites—a technique later to be polished to a high degree into close support and amphibious warfare doctrines.
		On the 5th President Roosevelt established the Neutrality Patroi; and, the next day, the cruiser departed for her first patrol which kept her at sea until she returned to her home port on the 11th.
		Soon thereafter, Tuscatoosa returned to the neutrality patrol and conducted monotonous but intensive patrols in the Caribbean and Bermuda areas through the summer and fall months of 1940.
	www.navyhistory.com /cruiser/Tuscalousa.html (2537 words)

	DD-426 Lansdale
		For the next 6 months ASW patrols and escort run carried her from the eastern seaboard to Iceland, the Caribbean, the Panama Canal, and the Gulf of Mexico.
		From 8 to 21 May she patrolled the Atlantic between Puerto Rico and Bermuda with Savannah (CL-42) and Juneau (CL-52), after which she resumed convoy screening out of Norfolk.
		Arriving Safi, French Morocco, 18 November, she patrolled approaches to Safi and Casablanca until 22 December when she sailed for New York in a convoy of 41 transports and six escorts.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/agency/navy/dd-426.htm (1298 words)

	NEUTRALITY PATROL AND NORTH ATLANTIC ESCORT
		At that time a Patrol bomber operating out of St. Johns, Newfoundland informed the Swanson there was a lifeboat to the north of the Swanson location.
		On Saturday 28 March in the late afternoon while patrolling astern of the Convoy, the Swanson passed a floating contact mine, 200 yards to starboard, which may have been a “friendly mine” which had broken its moorings during a storm.
		On Monday 6 April in the early morning hours the Swanson on the starboard bow of the Rangitiki and the USS Nicholson on the port bow, with the Banfora astern of the Rangitiki the convoy was steaming at 12.7 knots in heavy fog.
	www.geocities.com /swansondd443/swanneut.html (4276 words)

	Lend Lease
		Forty had been ordered recommissioned on 13Sep39 to support a Neutrality Patrol, a few days after the start of hostilities in Europe; 35 more had been recommissioned by 1940 and were ready to transfer.
		While on patrol on the 17th, WICHITA spotted a Focke-Wulf (FW) 200 "Condor," a four engined maritime reconnaissance and bomber aircraft, and opened fire, driving off the snooper.
		She commissioned in the Russian Navy as Murmansk and performed convoy and patrol duty along the Atlantic sea lanes throughout the remainder of the war.
	www.ww2pacific.com /lendlease.html (2901 words)

	NAVAL AVIATION MUSEUM FOUNDATION - NATIONAL FLIGHT LOG - SQUADRONS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Redesignated VP-52 on 07/01/39, the sqdn was assignd to Neutrality Patrol in September and transferred to USCGAS Charleston, SC..
		June was busy with patrols from Kaneohe and Midway preliminary to the Battle of Midway, with many Dumbo rescue flights during and after the battle.
		In early June patrols were cancelled; only Dumbo standby at Eniwetok, Kwajelein, and Roi-Namur continuing.
	www.naval-air.org /FlightLog/squadrons/vp-72.htm (936 words)

	USS Plunkett
		Prior to 7 beeember 1941, Plunkea operated in the Western Atlantic and in the Gulf-Caribbean area on Neutrality Patrol.
		Six days later she departed the east coast for Seapa Flow and arrived in the Orkneys 4 April to eommenee operatichs with the British Home Fleet.
		Delayed enroute to allow time for the clearanee of wreckage from her port of destination, her group delivered its charges with their reinforcement troops and equipment to Casablanea on the 18th.
	www.multied.com /NAVY/destroyer2/plunkett.html (1027 words)

	America at War
		Roosevelt also orders Navy to perform a neutrality patrol to track any belligerent naval force approaching the U.S.'s Atlantic coast or the West Indies.
		September 8 - Roosevelt declares a limited national emergency and increases the enlisted strengths of all armed forces and authorizes retired officers, men and nurses to be recalled to active duty to the Navy and Marines.
		Neutrality act expanded to Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands by Roosevelt.
	www.america-at-war.net /wwii.html (1912 words)

	A Tin Can Sailors Destroyer History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		She joined the South Atlantic Neutrality Patrol in the spring of 1941, tasked with maintaining the peace off the coast of Brazil.
		She checkmated a move by a pro-Nazi French admiral to mount hostile actions in the Caribbean from the French Navy's base at Martinique after German forces had forced the surrender of France in 1940.
		Briefly leaving her tasks on the Neutrality Patrol, she escorted President F. Roosevelt to his historic meeting with Prime Minister Winston Churchill in Placentia Bay, Newfoundland.
	www.destroyers.org /nl-histories/dd362-nl.htm (548 words)

	Cruser Scout - Ch 3
		He established a Neutrality Patrol to prevent European Powers approaching the United States and the West Indies and conducting war like operations too close to the American shores.
		As the 14th of September dawned, we were leaving the Norfolk harbor, moving south to join that Neutrality Patrol.
		Our flying was a mixture of patrol and search, formation flying, gunnery exercise, and even a few unofficial flight training sessions for the aircrewman.
	www.cruiserscout.com /navy3.html (5582 words)

	Save the Internet Blog » 2006 » April
		Markey is now rallying colleagues on the left and the right to support the introduction of his Network Neutrality Amendment onto the full floor next week.
		As the new Savetheinternet coalition put it, network neutrality is the equivalent of the Internet’s First Amendment.
		Here’s video of Ed Markey’s pro-net neutrality amendment presented in Committee (the text of the amendment is here, in PDF format).
	www.savetheinternet.com /blog/2006/04 (2054 words)

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