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Topic: Neutrino astronomy

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	neutrino - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Neutrinos are also emitted when a pion decays into a muon and in the decays of a number of other elementary particles.
		Neutrinos are stable and can be absorbed only by the same weak interactions through which they are created; an energetic neutrino can induce the reverse of the decay that produced it.
		In 1962 it was found that the neutrino associated with the muon (the muon neutrino) is distinct from that associated with the electron (the electron neutrino).
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-neutrino.html (619 words)

	Neutrino astronomy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Neutrino astronomy is the science of observing astronomical phenomena by detecting neutrinos, a product of weak thermonuclear reactions going on inside every star.
		The Super-Kamiokande neutrino detector uses a 50,000 tons of pure water surrounded by 11,000 photomultiplier tubes buried 1 km underground.
		The direction of incident neutrinos is determined by recording the arrival time of individual photons using a three-dimensional array of detector modules containing one photomultiplier tube each.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Neutrino_astronomy (576 words)

	AllRefer.com - neutrino astronomy (Astronomy, General) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Neutrinos, on the other hand, are absorbed only very weakly by matter and, once created by nuclear reactions in the stellar core, pass directly through the outer parts of the star.
		Neutrino "observatories" are located in deep mines, where hundreds of feet of rock shield out the cosmic rays that would completely swamp the tiny effects due to neutrinos.
		However, several neutrino detectors observed a rush of neutrinos from Supernova 1987A in a nearby galaxy called the Large Magellanic Cloud.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/N/neutrast.html (412 words)

	Why neutrino astronomy?
		Astrophysical sources of high-energy neutrinos have not been observed directly, but their existence can be inferred from the properties of cosmic rays.
		Neutrino astronomy thus offers the possibility of observing sources which correspond to the central engines of the most energetic astrophysical phenomena.
		The drawback, of course, is that the weak interactions of neutrinos imply that a very massive detector with extremely good background rejection is required to observe a measurable flux.
	antares.in2p3.fr /Overview/why.html (451 words)

	Neutrino astronomy born in a supernova Science News - Find Articles
		United in the simultaneous detection are the Kamiokande II detector in Kamioka, Japan, and the IMB detector in Fairfax, Ohio, which is operated by the University of California at Irvine, the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor and Brookhaven (N.Y.) National Laboratory.
		Just after the supernova was noticed and before the neutrino records were found, Bahcall, Arnon Dar of the Technion in Haifa, Israel, and T. Piran of Hebrew University in Jerusalem calculated what Kamiokande II ought to see, they recount in their letter in the March 12 NATURE.
		The theory that back around 1930 predicted the existence of neutrinos, as well as the experiment of about 30 years ago that first found them (in which Reines was a participant) and every uncontested experiment since, is consistent with their having zero rest mass, but experimenters keep searching.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1200/is_v131/ai_4757216 (900 words)

	Neutrino Astronomy - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Neutrino Astronomy, observation of objects in space using the neutrinos that come from them.
		Neutrino, an elementary particle that is electrically neutral and of very small mass.
		Neutrinos are created in many types of interaction between...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Neutrino_Astronomy.html (93 words)

	Solving the Mystery of the Missing Neutrinos
		The Kamiokande experiment confirmed that the number of neutrino events that were observed was less than predicted by the theoretical model of the Sun and by the textbook description of neutrinos.
		The muon and tau neutrinos were not detected by the Davis experiment with chlorine; they were not detected by the gallium experiments in Russia and in Italy; and they were not detected by the first SNO measurement.
		There are two equivalent descriptions of neutrinos, one that is expressed in terms of the masses of the neutrinos and one that is expressed in terms of the particles with which the neutrinos are associated (electron neutrinos with electrons, muon neutrinos with muon particles, or tau neutrinos with tau particles).
	nobelprize.org /nobel_prizes/physics/articles/bahcall/index.html (5350 words)

	Neutrino Astrophysics, Preface
		Different aspects of neutrino astrophysics are presented in semi-autonomous chapters, each of which describes the main ideas and results of a separate topic without requiring detailed knowledge of what is in other chapters.
		Neutrino oscillations are treated in detail because of the beauty and possible importance of recent theoretical developments.
		The subject of solar neutrinos is undergoing a revolution, from a one-experiment to a multi-experiment field.
	www.sns.ias.edu /~jnb/Books/Neuastrophysics/preface.html (2123 words)

	Neutrino Astronomy - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Neutrino Astronomy, study of neutrinos that come from outer space.
		Neutrinos are subatomic particles of zero or extremely small mass and no electric...
		Sometimes astronomers study emissions from space that are not electromagnetic radiation.
	encarta.msn.com /Neutrino_Astronomy.html (135 words)

	Neutrino Astrophysics
		The reason for high-energy neutrino astronomy is to open up all wavelengths for astronomy and to peer into sources that would be opaque to photons and protons.
		Neutrinos have the penetrating power to pass through the Earth but ultra-high energy neutrinos have a sufficiently high cross-section to be used to "x-ray" the internal structure of the Earth.
		It is important and straightforward for the detector to observe a large fraction of the sky simultaneously, a key for GRB observations.
	aether.lbl.gov /www/projects/neutrino (989 words)

	Astronomy, Astrophysics and Space Science
		Higher energy neutrinos and neutrino astrophysics are studied underground with the IMB proton decay detector, and a new generation of ground-based neutrino observatories is being developed.
		Neutrinos are produced by nuclear reactions in the sun's interior and provide the only direct means of probing the nuclear reaction rates and temperatures in the sun's inner core.
		With its low neutrino threshold, the 60-ton SAGE detector can detect the neutrinos from the fundamental proton-proton fusion reaction, thereby providing a direct test of the nuclear reaction rate in the sun in a manner insensitive to the details of solar model calculations.
	www.phys.lsu.edu /research/astronomy/gaas.html (4112 words)

	APOD: 2001 May 17 - Solar Neutrino Astronomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Still, to the long-standing consternation of astrophysicists, the observed flux of solar neutrinos is less than expected.
		In fact, since different parts of the Sun rotate at different rates, the neutrino flux variations match most exactly the rotation rates of the areas shown in red on this colorful cross-sectional map of the solar interior rotation.
		Then, as the Sun rotates, the neutrinos sometimes come to us unaffected and sometimes come through magnetic fields, diminishing the flux that can be measured.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap010517.html (216 words)

	Neutrino Astronomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		For example, heavier neutrinos travel more slowly and by studying the structure of the neutrino wave passing by earth, we can perhaps extract the relative masses of the three types of neutrinos in a direct way, aside from that of the phenomenon of neutrino oscillations.
		Neutrino detectors must be generally placed deep underground or water to escape the backgrounds caused by the inescapable rain of cosmic rays upon the atmosphere.
		The best places for updates on neutrino astronomy are the monthly Physics Today, and for more details in the biannual International Neutrino Conference Proceedings (NU2000 in Sudbury Canada), and the Neutrino Telescope Meetings held in Venice (last one February 1999).
	www.phys.hawaii.edu /~jgl/nuastron.html (2813 words)

	The Solar FAQ: Solar Neutrinos and Other Solar Oddities
		The energy spectrum of the neutrinos is not significantly different from expectations, though there is a hint of a surplus (or smaller deficit, rather) at the highest energies (Fukuda et al 1998e; Normile 1998a).
		Neutrino travel across astronomical distances is obviously inaccessible to laboratory studies, and has for a long time been regarded as the most promising area to search for anomalies, that can explain the missing solar neutrinos.
		Neutrino physics is in general a "hot" experimental topic today, with much work in progress, not only on neutrino oscillations, but also on other aspects of neutrino physics, as well as on neutrino astronomy.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/faq-solar.html (15805 words)

	CERN Courier - The beginning of a new scien - IOP Publishing - article
		Two of the experiments, which exploited the elastic scattering of neutrinos by electrons, were actually performed and led to a higher than predicted upper limit on the boron-8 solar neutrino flux.
		In the form in which solar neutrino oscillations were originally proposed by Gribov and Pontecorvo, the process required that the mixing angles between neutrino states should be much larger than the quark mixing angles, something that most theoretical physicists believed, at that time, was unlikely.
		This is a remarkable achievement for solar theory, because the boron-8 neutrinos that are observed primarily in three of these experiments (chlorine, Kamiokande and its successor SuperKamiokande) depend on approximately the 25th power of the central temperature.
	cerncourier.com /main/article/40/6/18 (2949 words)

	APOD Search Results for "neutrino" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Such light is expected from ice collisions with high-energy neutrinos emitted by objects or explosions out in the universe.
		neutrinos, are extremely abundant in the universe but usually go right through just about everything.
		this "neutrino image" of the Sun, using Super-K to detect the neutrinos from nuclear fusion in the solar interior.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /cgi-bin/apod/apod_search?neutrino (1229 words)

	UHE Neutrino Astronomy
		Neutrino cross sections at high energies and the future observations of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays.
		Ultrahigh energy neutrino scattering onto relic light neutrinos in galactic halo as a possible source of highest energy extragalactic cosmic rays.
		Neutrinos from the decay of charged pions represent an uncontrovertible signature for the proton induced cascades.
	auger.cnrs.fr /neutrino.html (1964 words)

	neutrino astronomy - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		neutrino astronomy study of stars by means of their emission of neutrinos, fundamental particles that result from nuclear reactions and are emitted by stars along with light.
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "neutrino astronomy" at HighBeam.
		Scientists attempt to trap and identify mysterious, tiny neutrinos.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-neutrast.html (491 words)

	High Energy Astrophysics - nu's (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The construction of high energy, > 1 ~ TeV, neutrino telescopes is aimed at extending the distance accessible to neutrino astronomy to the edge of the observable universe, and at opening a new window of observations at high neutrino energy.
		A high energy neutrino telescope will address outstanding mysteries of astrophysics, and will test special and general relativity as well as neutrino properties with unprecedented accuracy.
		The feasibility of the construction of such large volume detectors in deep water or ice has been demonstrated by the Baikal and AMANDA experiments, and several projects are now under way for the construction of kilometer scale telescopes (e.g.
	www.weizmann.ac.il /physics/heap/Group/nu.html (251 words)

	Open Directory - Science: Physics: Particle: Neutrino (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Neutrino Physics - A set of lectures from the Trieste Summer School on the current state of neutrino physics.
		Neutrino Unbound - Comprehensive lists of references on the theory of neutrino oscillations, four-neutrino mixing, sterile neutrinos and others.
		Neutrinos Have Mass for Sure - A report on the years of collected experimental evidence that neutrinos have masses.
	dmoz.org /Science/Physics/Particle/Neutrino (362 words)

	Amazon.com: Neutrino Astrophysics: Books: John N. Bahcall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Neutrino astronomy is being revolutionized by the availability of new observational facilities.
		The subject of solar neutrinos has many seemingly independent aspects, both in its theoretical basis (involving nuclear, atomic, and particle physics, geochemistry, and astronomy).
		For advanced undergraduate students, but will be essential reading for all researchers interested in the physics of neutrinos and what they reveal about the nature of the Universe.
	www.amazon.com /Neutrino-Astrophysics-John-N-Bahcall/dp/052137975X (939 words)

	neutrino astronomy — Infoplease.com
		Girth control.(research into neutrinos could lead to unified theory of the Universe)(Brief Article)
		Scientists, 'boxed in,' scramble after supernova, find neutrinos.
		Astronomy in West Germany goes supernational: the science of astronomy virtually demands international cooperation.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0835332.html (450 words)

	Astrophysical Neutrinos
		TeV gamma-rays and neutrinos from photo-disintegration of nuclei in Cygnus OB2,
		Implications of a GRB-Metallicity Anti-Correlation for Cosmogenic Neutrinos,
		Neutrino signals from the formation of fl hole: a probe of equation of state of dense matter,
	www.nu.to.infn.it /Astrophysical_Neutrinos (2658 words)

	Astronomy by Wavelength @ Gary's Astronomy Home Work Help (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The One-Square-Kilometre Telescope The Future of Radio Astronomy by Helen Sim, 11 February 1998.
		Far-Ultraviolet Astronomy on the Astro-1 Space Shuttle Misssion by Arthur F. Davidsen.
		How recent neutrino observations may be eviedence for neutrino oscillations, and hence evidence for neutrinos having mass.
	hometown.aol.com /gca7sky/lambda.htm (2073 words)

	Alec T. Habig
		Also, I'm participating in SNEWS (Supernova Early Warning System), which is a coincidence monitor of many neutrino experiments to provide early warning of a supernova in our galaxy, and am UMD's representative to the Minnesota Space Grant Consortium.
		Status of MINOS, a talk at Physics with Atmospheric Neutrinos and Neutrinos from Muon Storage Rings, IIT-Mumbai, India, August 1-2 2005.
		astro-ph/0507051, High-Energy Neutrino Astronomy with the Super-Kamiokande Detector, 29th ICRC (Pune, 2005) proceedings.
	neutrino.d.umn.edu /~habig (584 words)

	neutrino astronomy — FactMonster.com
		neutrino astronomy, study of stars by means of their emission of
		Encyclopedia: Astronomy: General - Encyclopeadia articles concerning Astronomy: General.
		Add Fact Monster search to your site
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0835332.html (338 words)

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