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	Distortions Paper Neutron Star Trip Description with GIFs
		This neutron star has a hard equation of state [27] for its internal matter, the result of which is that the matter in the star is not compressed enough to have either a photon sphere or an event horizon.
		At 100 R_S (420 km) from the neutron star as depicted in Fig.
		Stars that would have been seen to approach this point in the absence of strong gravity now have images that are seen to approach the circle in the presence of strong gravity.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /htmltest/gifcity/nslens_ns.html (1180 words)

	neutron star
		A neutron star, with a mass of 1.4 to 3 solar masses, forms from the collapsing core of a massive star immediately following the star's exhaustion of its fusion energy reserves.
		Left behind is a rapidly spinning neutron star which has a strong magnetic field with poles that are usually aligned with the pole's of the star's rotation.
		Its core consists mainly of densely-packed neutrons, with a sprinkling of protons and an equal number of electrons, in a liquid-like state known as neutronium.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/N/neutronstar.html (593 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Neutron star (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Neutron stars were among the first major astronomical objects whose existence was first predicted from theory (1933) and later (1967) found to exist, at first as radio pulsars.
		A newborn neutron star can rotate several times a second; sometimes, when they orbit a companion star and are able to accrete matter from it, they can increase this to several thousand times per second, distorting into an oblate spheroid shape despite their own immense gravity (an equatorial bulge).
		Neutron stars may "pulse" due to particle acceleration near the magnetic poles, which are not aligned with the rotation axis of the star.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Neutron_star (1428 words)

	Neutron star Summary
		Neutron stars rotate extremely rapidly after their creation due to the conservation of angular momentum; like an ice skater pulling in his or her arms, the slow rotation of the original star's core speeds up as it shrinks.
		A newborn neutron star can rotate several times a second; sometimes, when they orbit a companion star and are able to accrete matter from it, they can increase this to several thousand times per second, distorting into an oblate spheroid shape despite their own immense gravity (an equatorial bulge).
		Neutron stars may "pulse" due to particle acceleration near the magnetic poles, which are not aligned with the rotation axis of the star.
	www.bookrags.com /Neutron_star (3067 words)

	Neutron Stars and Pulsars
		Neutron stars are a hyper-dense form of dead star composed almost entirely of neutrons.
		A neutron star is so dense that a pinhead's worth of material from one would weigh as much as a supertanker.
		Pulsars (and neutron stars) spin very rapidly (as seen from Earth), most at about once every second (the record for the fastest is at 642 rotations per second, and the record for the slowest is one spin every 4.308 seconds).
	filer.case.edu /~sjr16/advanced/stars_neutron.html (803 words)

	The Astrophysics Spectator: Neutron Star Size
		In a cold star, the neutrons and protons fully populate the lowest energy levels, with the density of neutrons nearly equal to the density of protons.
		The name neutron star is not entirely accurate, because the complete neutron and proton degeneracy in a cold neutron star causes the density of neutrons and protons to be nearly identical.
		This is why neutron stars are so much smaller than degenerate dwarf stars; the proton's mass is 2000 times larger than the electron's, so a neutron star's radius is smaller than a degenerate dwarf's by roughly the same factor.
	www.astrophysicsspectator.com /topics/stars/NeutronStarSize.html (850 words)

	Top Story - EXOTIC INNARDS OF A NEUTRON STAR REVEALED IN A SERIES OF EXPLOSIONS - November 06, 2002
		Neutron star EXO 0748-676 (blue sphere in Image 1) is part of a binary star system, and its neighboring star (yellow-red sphere in Image 1) supplies the fuel for the thermonuclear bursts.
		Cottam and her team probed the neutron star's interior by measuring for the first time how light passing through the star's half-inch atmosphere is warped by extreme gravity, a phenomenon called the gravitational redshift.
		In a quark star, which is denser than a neutron star and has a different mass-to-radius ratio, neutrons are squeezed so tightly they liberate the subatomic quark particles and gluons that are the building blocks of atomic matter.
	www.gsfc.nasa.gov /topstory/20021003nsexplosion.html (1055 words)

	Neutron Stars
		However, because of the star's mass, gravity (another of the four fundamental forces) is able to overcome the EM force.
		A neutron star's anatomy is very simple, and it has three main layers: a solid core, a "liquid" mantle, and a thin, solid crust.
		Neutron stars also have a very tiny (a few centimeters - about an inch) atmosphere, but this is not very important in the functioning of the star.
	filer.case.edu /~sjr16/stars_neutron.html (769 words)

	Neutron Star - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Neutron Star, rapidly spinning, extremely dense astronomical object.
		Neutron stars are composed primarily of neutrons, minute, neutrally charged...
		Neutron stars are the collapsed cores sometimes left behind by supernova explosions.
	encarta.msn.com /Neutron_Star.html (140 words)

	neutron star (Site not responding. Last check: )
		predicted the existence of neutron stars in 1933.
		A neutron star may also be the smaller of the two components in an X-ray binary star.
		pulsar - pulsar, in astronomy, a neutron star that emits brief, sharp pulses of energy instead of the steady...
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0835336.html (279 words)

	Universe Today - Tumbling Neutron Star
		Spinning neutron stars, also known as pulsars, are generally known to be highly stable rotators.
		Neutron stars are one of the endpoints of stellar evolution.
		Neutron stars are known to possess very strong magnetic fields, typically several trillion times stronger than that of the Earth.
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/xmm-newton_tumbling_star.html?2042006 (953 words)

	News: Neutron Star - UCLA College (Site not responding. Last check: )
		When the star collapses to form the neutron star, more than 95 percent of its mass, much of which is metal-rich material from its core, is returned to the space around it.
		The most reliable method for estimating the mass of the progenitor star is to show that the neutron star or fl hole is a member of a cluster of stars, all of which are close to the same age.
		The identification of additional neutron stars or the discovery of fl holes in young star clusters should further constrain the masses and properties of neutron star and fl hole progenitors.
	www.college.ucla.edu /news/05/munoneutronstar.html (665 words)

	neutron star concept from the Astronomy knowledge base (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Usually optically dim, a neutron star sends out regular or irregular radio emissions and is therefore also called a pulsar.
		The density of such a star may be unimaginably great although the diameter is generally around only 10 km; the gravitational and magnetic forces are correspondingly vast.
		It is called a neutron star because in such density, protons fuse with electrons to form neutrons, of which the star is almost entirely composed.
	www.site.uottawa.ca:4321 /astronomy/neutronstar.html (486 words)

	Neutron stars and pulsars
		When it reaches the threshold of energy necessary to force the combining of electrons and protons to form neutrons, the electron degeneracy limit has been passed and the collapse continues until it is stopped by neutron degeneracy.
		A neutron star is thought to be about 1/100,000 the diameter of the Sun, and a nucleus is on the order of 100,000 times smaller than an atom.
		Neutron degeneracy is a stellar application of the Pauli Exclusion Principle, as is electron degeneracy.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/astro/pulsar.html (1094 words)

	Neutron star - Memory Alpha, the Star Trek Wiki
		Unlike white dwarves, the mass of a neutron star is too great for the electrons to provide a quantum counter force and so stop the collapse.
		A binary star system in the Kavis Alpha sector studied by Doctor Paul Stubbs with his egg probe in early 2366 consisted of a neutron star and a red giant.
		Neutron stars also featured in the Star Trek: Voyager novel Death of a Neutron Star, where USS Voyager discovered a neutron star that was dying and destined to turn into a supernova that would carve a mass of destruction through the Delta and Alpha Quadrants.
	memory-alpha.org /en/wiki/Neutron_star (576 words)

	Neutron stars
		Neutron stars are believed to form in supernovae such as the one that formed the Crab Nebula (or check out this cool X-ray image of the nebula, from the Chandra X-ray Observatory).
		Neutrons were discovered in 1932, and very shortly afterward (in 1934) a suggestion was made by Walter Baade and Fritz Zwicky that neutron stars were formed in supernovae.
		If part of the companion star's envelope is close enough to the neutron star, the neutron star's gravitational attraction on that part of the envelope is greater than the companion star's attraction, with the result that the gas in the envelope falls onto the neutron star.
	www.astro.umd.edu /~miller/nstar.html (6472 words)

	The Strange Insides of Neutron Stars \| November, 2004 Science Beat
		The binding of gravity inside a neutron star is many times greater than the nuclear binding that holds atomic nuclei together; pressure and density vary with depth, and neutron stars depend on many kinds of particles to cope with these extreme and changeable conditions: neutrons, of course, but also protons, electrons, and other, weirder species.
		The picture of neutron star interiors based on two-component phase transitions is not intuitive (nothing about neutron stars is), and while Glendenning says he's astonished everybody before him missed it, he admits it took him five years to realize it himself.
		A pulsar is a neutron star with a strong magnetic field not aligned with its rotation axis; the moving magnetic field creates a broad band of electromagnetic radiation, including radio waves, which led to the discovery of the first pulsar in 1967.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/sb/Nov-2004/03-neutron-stars.html (1642 words)

	Astronomers peek inside neutron star - Space News - MSNBC.com
		"Neutron stars are a sort of cosmic lab in a sense that the material at their centers is so dense it can't be reproduced on Earth," study leader Tod Strohmayer said in a telephone interview.
		Neutron stars in binary systems like EXO 0748-676 steal matter from their companions, then belch it out in explosions at frequencies related to their spin rates.
		But the star is apparently not yet compressed to the point that its neutrons are smashed and their quarks — even tinier subentities — liberated into a so-called quark star.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/6000829 (925 words)

	What is a Neutron Star?
		A neutron star is a stellar remnant--a super-compressed object left over when stars with a mass between 1.4 and about 3 times the mass of our Sun exhaust their nuclear fuel and collapse inwards.
		The escape velocity for a neutron star is approximately half the speed of light.
		Formed from the core of expired suns, the neutron star is home to exotic forms of matter found nowhere else in the universe: Nuclei composed of huge amounts of neutrons with no orbiting electrons, free neutrons floating in a superdense "neutronium" soup, and possibly exotic forms of matter such as pions or kaons.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-a-neutron-star.htm (407 words)

	SPACE.com -- Astronomers Take Measure of City-Sized Neutron Star
		Neutron stars created when old stars explode and some of the core matter typically weighing more than our entire Sun -- collapses into a region just 6 or 7 miles (roughly 10 kilometers) across.
		Neutron stars are thought to be composed almost entirely of neutrons, subatomic particles able to huddle close together on the verge of normal physics.
		It is important, nonetheless, because it puts a constraint on the ratio of mass-to-radius in a neutron star, and that constraint turns out to be consistent with theoretical predictions.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/neutron_star_021106.html (620 words)

	Lives and Deaths of Stars
		Neutrons can be packed much closer together than electrons so even though a neutron star is more massive than a white dwarf, it is only about the size of a city.
		Normal variable stars (stars near the end of their life in stages 5 to 7) oscillate brightness by changing their size and temperature.
		Neutron stars would pulsate too quickly because of their huge density, so pulsars must pulsate by a different way than normal variable stars.
	www.astronomynotes.com /evolutn/s12.htm (1226 words)

	NEUTRON STAR (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A neutron star has a mass of about 1.4 times the mass of the sun, but is not much bigger than a small city, about 15 km in radius.
		The neutron star acts like an enormous magnet, with the magnetic poles tipped at an angle to the axis of rotation.
		However, the magnetic field of the neutron star is much stronger than the Earth's and the electrons move at velocities close to the speed of light, emitting synchrotron radiation in a narrow beam along the direction of the magnetic poles.
	astrosun2.astro.cornell.edu /academics/courses/astro201/neutron_star.htm (221 words)

	ESA - Space Science - XMM-Newton overview
		Neutron stars are among the densest objects in the Universe — a sugarcube-sized piece of a neutron star would weigh over a thousand million tonnes.
		Neutron stars are the remnants of heavy stars that end their life in a supernova explosion.
		Scientists believe that, in a neutron star, the density and the temperatures are similar to those existing a fraction of a second after the Big Bang when the primordial soup of matter in the Universe was ‘broken’ into its most fundamental constituents.
	www.esa.int /esaSC/120385_index_0_m.html (1351 words)

	NASA - 09.08.2004 - Scientists Gain Glimpse Of Bizarre Matter In A Neutron Star
		Neutron star EXO 0748-676 (blue sphere in Item 1) is part of a binary star system, and its neighboring star (yellow-red sphere in Item 1) supplies the fuel for the thermonuclear bursts.
		This triggers thermonuclear explosions on the neutron star surface that illuminate the region.
		This is because the degree of redshifting (strength of gravity) depends on the mass and radius of the neutron star.
	www.nasa.gov /centers/goddard/news/topstory/2004/0908nsmatter.html (1290 words)

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