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Topic: New Economic Policy

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	The New Economic Policy
		The essence of the New Economic Policy which he adopted soon afterwards was acceptance of a compromise with the peasantry.
		The Bolshevik theoretician Riazanov labeled the NEP "the peasant Brest," that is to say, a temporary truce was concluded with the peasant adversary, as with the German Empire at Brest-Litovsk.
		Nevertheless the economic motive was not the crucial one; as Lenin said, the question of the new tax was ''pre-eminently a political question, since it is essentially a question of the relation of the working class to the peasantry''.
	mars.wnec.edu /~grempel/courses/stalin/lectures/NEP.html (2409 words)

	New Economic Policy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The New Economic Policy (NEP; in Russian Новая экономическая политика - Novaya Ekonomicheskaiya Politika or НЭП) was officially decided in the course of the 10th Congress of the Russian Communist Party.
		To explain the NEP, Lenin had said "We are not civilized enough for socialism", referring to the fact that Russia was still a primarily agrarian nation, with a very small urban population and a weak industrial base, and thus it did not meet the economic criteria necessary for full socialism.
		The NEP was generally believed to be intended as an interim measure, and proved highly unpopular with the strong Marxists in the Bolshevik party because of its compromise with some capitalistic elements.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/New_Economic_Policy (852 words)

	Kids.net.au - Encyclopedia New Economic Policy - (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The New Economic Policy, or NEP was a system of economic reforms, partly capitalist in form, that Vladimir Lenin instituted in the Soviet Union in 1921.
		The policy of War communism[?] the direct conversion to a communist system had failed, and the NEP was introduced in 1921 as an emergency measure.
		The NEP was only ever intended as an interim measure, and proved highly unpopular with Marxist purists in the Bolshevik party because of its strongly capitalistic elements, they saw the NEP as a betrayal of communist principles, and wanted a planned economy instead.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/ne/New_Economic_Policy (267 words)

	Malaysian New Economic Policy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although the NEP was hailed in some quarters as having reduced the socioeconomic disparity between the Chinese minority and Malay majority, others accused it of having reduced non-Malays to the status of second-class citizens.
		The NEP's success — or lack of it — is a subject of heated debate; although the NEP targeted a 30% share of the economy for the Bumiputra (indigenous people, mostly the Malays), such a figure has never been reached according to official government statistics.
		The abstract policies and goals of the NEP were implemented by the Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth Malaysia Plans.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Malaysian_New_Economic_Policy (2370 words)

	::New Economic Policy::
		The New Economic Policy (NEP) was introduced to replace the failed policy of War Communism.
		In the first stages of NEP, theoretical restrictions were placed on a firm’s freedom to buy and sell but by 1922, these limits were dropped and profit-making became the main aim of those in industry.
		The NEP also needed a stable currency and this was difficult to achieve after such huge economic dislocation in such a short space of time.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /new_economic_policy1.htm (1370 words)

	New Economic Policy - Simple English Wikipedia
		New Economic Policy is the name for the new economy introduced by Lenin after the failed methods of War communism.
		These New Economic Policies were to revive the Russian economy.
		The New Economic Policies meant that Russia returned to a partly capitalism society.
	simple.wikipedia.org /wiki/New_Economic_Policy (132 words)

	AllRefer.com - New Economic Policy (Russian, Soviet, And CIS History) - Encyclopedia
		New Economic Policy (NEP), official economic reconstruction program of the USSR from 1921 to 1928.
		It replaced the economic policies of "war Communism" (1918–21), an emergency program established by Lenin during the civil war.
		However, the NEP policies proved inadequate for the expansionist aims of Stalin and were reversed (1928) by the first Five-Year Plan.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/N/NewEcono.html (349 words)

	The New Economic Policy
		Summary: The New Economic Policy began in 1921 as a means of helping the recovery of the war-devasted economy of the Soviet Union: it created a mixed economy, combining state control of large-scale industry with a limited measure of private enterprise.
		NEP thus resulted in a mixed monetary economy, in which state industry traded with individual peasant agriculture through a market which was partly in state hands, partly in private hands.
		On this view, judgement about the long-term economic viability of NEP depends on a political assessment of how far it was essential for the Soviet Union to establish powerful capital goods’ and armaments’ industries in the space of a few years.
	www.users.globalnet.co.uk /~semp/nep.htm (3401 words)

	ipedia.com: New Economic Policy Article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		NEP succeeded in creating an economic recovery after the devastating effects on the Russian economy of the First World War the Russian revolution and the Russian civil war.
		The NEP was generally believed to be intended as an interim measure, and proved highly unpopular with Marxist purists in the Bolshevik party because of its strongly capitalistic elements.
		On the other hand, Lenin has been quoted as saying: "NEP is for serious (real) and for a long time." Sometimes this has been used to claim that if only Lenin were to stay alive longer, NEP would have continued, the destructive collectivization would have been averted, and all would have been well.
	www.ipedia.com /new_economic_policy.html (406 words)

	New Economic Policy
		Economic policy of the USSR 1921–29 devised by the Soviet leader Vladimir Ilyich Lenin.
		The NEP was introduced in March 1921 after a series of peasant revolts and the Kronstadt uprising.
		The policy was ended in 1928 by Stalin's first five-year plan, which began the collectivization of agriculture.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0005525.html (222 words)

	New Economic Policy (Site not responding. Last check: )
		What the NEP basically encompassed was that there had to be a compromise with the peasants in Russia over the issue of agriculture, or there had to be a socialist revolution.
		The NEP was basically the former: a compromise with the peasants.
		The NEP stated that requisitioning of food and agricultural surpluses, a doctrine of War Communism, must be ended.
	www.pvhs.chico.k12.ca.us /~bsilva/projects/russia/lenin/nep.htm (504 words)

	Lenin's New Economic Policy (1921) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Lenin's N.E.P. The Bolshevik revolutionary takeover in October 1917 was followed by over two years of civil war in Russia between the new Communist regime (with its Red Army) and its enemies--the conservative military officers commanding the so-called White armies.
		The New Economic Policy (NEP) was the result, a small concession to the capitalist and free market instincts of peasant and petty bourgeois alike.
		The correct policy of the proletariat which is exercising its dictatorship in a small-peasant country is to obtain grain in exchange for the manufactured goods the peasant requires.
	web.jjay.cuny.edu /~jobrien/reference/ob40.html (653 words)

	For a New Economic Policy (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The economic policies of recent years at both national and European levels have failed to grasp the opportunities opened up by the positive developments of the late 1990s and are incapable of facing the challenge of the present slowdown.
		Monetary policy is simply not regarded as part of economic policy, and the policy of the ECB is completely left out of the picture, although it has an enormous impact on the European economy.
		New democratic movements, now active throughout the EU and beyond, are posing a direct political challenge to the hegemony of the deregulated, globalised US financial system.
	www.france.attac.org /i2849 (7713 words)

	The New Economic Policy And The Tasks Of The Political Education Departments
		Because our previous economic policy, if we cannot say counted on (in the situation then prevailing we did little counting in general), then to a certain degree assumed—we may say uncalculatingly assumed—that there would be a direct transition from the old Russian economy to state production and distribution on communist lines.
		It was expressed in the isolation of the higher administrators of our economic policy from the lower and their failure to produce that development of the productive forces which the Programme of our Party regards as vital and urgent.
		New Economic Policy demands this line of demarcation to be drawn with absolute sharpness and distinction.
	www.marxists.org /archive/lenin/works/1921/oct/17.htm (6028 words)

	UNRISD: Publications \| The New Economic Policy and Interethnic Relations in Malaysia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Malaysia’s New Economic Policy (NEP) was first announced in 1970 as the principal policy response to the post-election race riots of May 1969, which also resulted in a significant regime change.
		Although the new policies have put far greater emphasis on achieving rapid growth, industrialization and structural change, there is the widespread perception that public policy is still dominated by the NEP’s interethnic economic policies, especially wealth redistribution or “restructuring” targets.
		These policies are believed to be especially important in terms of influencing public policies affecting corporate wealth ownership as well as other areas, notably education and employment opportunities.
	www.unrisd.org /80256B3C005BCCF9/(httpPublications)/A20E9AD6E5BA919780256B6D0057896B?OpenDocument (738 words)

	E-Notes: For a New International Economic Policy - FPRI (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Policies that mask the true political and economic risk in any given economy only increase the likelihood of explosive outcomes.
		Ill-judged monetary policies are causing an unnecessary depreciation of the euro, to which the Europeans have responded by seeking trilateral exchange rate understandings with the United States and Japan.
		Bush administration policy statements appear to be grounded in a fierce commitment to free-market solutions, limited government, and a deep respect for national sovereignty.
	www.fpri.org /enotes/econ.20010615.munk.intpolicy.html (2830 words)

	Lenin The New Economic Policy
		This new system however tended to produce less of a marketable surplus than was required to provide for the needs of the urban population.
		The early stages of the development of this policy contemplated how the peasantry could be encouraged to produce more food for the towns and, in the later stages of planning, was extended towards encouraging economic exchange between town and country and to encouraging industrial production.
		A recovery of economic activity in both rural and urban areas and between country and town was thus facilitated.
	www.age-of-the-sage.org /history/new_economic_policy.html (1068 words)

	New Economic Policy -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		the economic policy of the government of the Soviet Union from 1921 to 1928, representing a temporary retreat from its previous policy of extreme centralization and doctrinaire socialism.
		The policy of War Communism, in effect since 1918, had by 1921 brought the national economy to the point of total breakdown.
		In the 19th century economics was the hobby of gentlemen of leisure and the vocation of a few academics; economists wrote about economic policy but were rarely consulted by legislators before decisions were made.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9055456 (923 words)

	Russia - The Era of the New Economic Policy
		The state scrapped its policy of grain requisitioning in favor of taxation, permitting peasants to dispose of their produce as they pleased.
		In the 1920s, as the new Soviet state temporarily retreated from the revolutionary path to socialism, the party also adopted a less ideological approach in its relations with the rest of the world.
		In many respects, the NEP period was a time of relative freedom and experimentation in the social and cultural life of the Soviet Union.
	countrystudies.us /russia/9.htm (1796 words)

	The New Economic Policy (NEP) (by L. Proyect)
		Prior to its revolution, the working-class remains backward and therefore, unlike the bourgeoisie, is unable to prepare itself in advance for ruling all of society.
		The NEP, which was originally a tactic to lift the USSR out of the doldrums of War Communism, was now seen by Bukharin as a central component to the development of socialism.
		In his "New Economics", he attempted to apply the method of "Capital" to the Soviet economy.
	www.columbia.edu /~lnp3/mydocs/economics/nep.htm (2351 words)

	The New Economic Policy
		The New Economic Policy (NEP), introduced by Lenin at the Tenth Party Congress in March 1921, represented a major departure from the party's previous approach to running the country.
		The linchpin of NEP was the introduction of a tax-in-kind, set at levels considerably below those of previous requisition quotas, which permitted peasants to dispose of their food surpluses on the open market.
		Referring to NEP as a retreat of the state to the "commanding heights of the economy" (large-scale industry, banking, foreign commerce), Lenin insisted that it had to be pursued "seriously and for a long time."
	www.soviethistory.org /index.php?action=L2&SubjectID=1921nep&Year=1921 (340 words)

	Assocham welcomes new economic policy
		The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry on Monday welcomed the United Progressive Alliance government's new economic policy as enunciated in the Presidential address, saying it would instil confidence and help stabilise the capital markets and hoped that the Budget would also be prepared on similar lines.
		Sanghi said for sustained seven to eight per cent economic growth, the government's promise of massive public investments in infrastructure, rural development, agriculture and industry, boost to FDI and selective privatisation among other things was crucial.
		"It is laudable that the economic agenda of the government explicitly mentions the need for and focuses on the key role played by capital markets in boosting the rate of investment in the economy," he said.
	www.rediff.com /money/2004/jun/07prez5.htm (252 words)

	Economic Policy
		Economic Policy is the leading review in Europe for policy analysis.
		Visit the NEW Economic Policy website, where you can access a free download of the lead article, as well as data/appendices from Issue 41.
		Four issues of Economic Policy are published each year by Blackwell Publishing, in association with the European Economic Association for the Centre for Economic Policy Research, the Center for Economic Studies (CES)University of Munich Département et Laboratoire d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée (DELTA), in collaboration with the Maison des Sciences de l'Homme.
	www.cepr.org /pubs/EP/ep.htm (224 words)

	Soviet Russia in the era of NEP (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Upon analyzing the period of NEP in the 1920's compared with the Perestroika period of the 1980's, I have found that Russia has been forced to repeat history and eventually collapse in the second round.
		The NEP period is usually described as the abolition of grain requisitioning and the freedom of private trade.
		Another challenge that erupted in the NEP era as well as in the era of Perestroika was the increasing threat that women posed to the male work force.
	members.aol.com /ThryWoman/SRNP.html (1947 words)

	RevolutionaryLeft.com -> New Economic Policy
		The introduction of the New Economic Policy (NEP) meant that the peasants were allowed to sell their grain on the market, in exchange for a tax to the state.
		But the NEP in effect served to strengthen the rich peasants (the kulaks) and NEPmen (capitalist speculators) to the detriment of the proletariat.
		Given the economic catastrophe, the extremely low cultural level of the masses, the atomisation of the proletariat, and the decay of the soviets - all consequences of the delay of the international revolution - how was the workers' state to be preserved?
	www.revolutionaryleft.com /index.php?showtopic=5893 (2050 words)

	New Economist: Economic policy (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Economic momentum on both sides of the Atlantic somewhat unexpectedly weakened in late 2005, but is now back in line, by and large, with..projections released three months ago.
		Last year's annual World Economic Forum meeting in Davos saw a blogging furore, when Rony Abovitz made a posting to the forum’s official site reporting that CNN’s chief news executive Eason Jordan told a panel discussion the US military was targeting journalists critical of the war in Iraq.
		In 2004 both authors were working at the Council of Economic Advisers as, respectively, chairman and chief of staff, and the outsourcing debate was in full swing.
	neweconomist.blogs.com /new_economist/economic_policy (13165 words)

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