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Topic: New Forest coven

In the News (Thu 16 Feb 12)

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	Wicca
		The New Forest Coven claimed to be a traditional Wiccan coven where rituals and practices had been passed down since pre-Christian times.
		When the number of members in a coven exceeds thirteen, the common belief is that the coven should split, to continue the self-perpetuation process.
		Covens usually celebrate the Esbats alone, a practice which helps to reaffirm the bonds within a coven (Adler, 110).
	www.magma.ca /~yeti/wic.html (3807 words)

	Gardnerian Wicca
		He was initiated into the New Forest coven in England by "old Dorothy" Clutterbuck.
		Unable to directly reveal much of his coven's workings, he developed a system that was a synthesis of various elements from Masonic ritual, ceremonial magick, French Mediterranean Craft and the teachings of his coven.
		The existence of the earlier New Forest coven is unproven, and may not be particularly important.
	wizard_demon.tripod.com /gardner.htm (674 words)

	Part Two: Craft of the Wise? Pt 2
		My elders argued cogently that the New Forest rites were a hotch-potch of Traditional Craft practices, ceremonial magic, and a calculated attempt to incorporate concepts culled from Margaret Murray's books.
		Irrespective of whether an authentic witch coven operated behind the scenes in the Crotona Fellowship, or whether these Rosicrucians invented their own witchcraft rituals, the Fellowship is the most likely model for the supposed witch rites of the Woodcraft factions.
		John was told that the coven was "very old." He was initiated by having to crawl through the legs of the High Priestess, whose breasts were decorated with Celtic spirals.
	www.fortunecity.com /roswell/angelic/361/4.html (3386 words)

	Religious Movements Homepage: Wicca (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Around 1980 in North America, the members of groups who were initiated into a coven descended in a direct line from Gerald Gardner or Alex Sanders (founder of Alexandrian witchcraft) began using the term "pagan" to describe those who were not members of their covens.
		In his writing, the word Wica is used, but in practice, his coven members did not use the word outside of their initiatory rites, according to Robert, a member of the coven.
		The New Forest Coven claimed to be a traditional Wiccan coven where rituals and practices had been passed down since pre- Christian times.
	religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu /nrms/wicca.html (6247 words)

	NWC Article: Gerald Gardner, Old Words and the Old Laws
		Doreen Valiente, the coven's High Priestess, had felt that he was compromising both the security of the group and the integrity of his own teachings.
		Certainly the idea of one or a few people inventing a new religion seems "safer" to believe in than that witchcraft, mostly thought of as a fairy tale, was able to spring up alive and real in the middle of the twentieth century after centuries "underground".
		New members, prior to initiation, will read these rules and declare upon their honour that they will abide by them in letter and in spirit.
	www.newwiccanchurch.net /articles/ggowol.htm (9646 words)

	New Page 2
		The Gardnerian covens of today still adhere to the old time values of secrecy, and new initiates are pledged to take oaths upon initiation.
		Each Gardnerian Coven is autonomous and is headed by a High Priestess and High Priest, who can turn to their queen, (the High Priestess who trained her), for counsel and advice.
		Covens are composed, as much as possible and where applicable, of male/female pairs for balance.
	www.coven-of-cythrawl.com /gardnerian.htm (722 words)

	Wicca: Not The Old Religion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		He also traced the roots of the New Forest coven back to pre-Christian times, and stated that a handwritten Book of Shadows was the source of their ancient rituals.
		No other member of the original "New Forest coven", from which Gardner claimed to have gotten his teachings, has ever come forth to confirm or deny his account, and as time goes on and people die, this becomes ever more unlikely.
		It is interesting to note that the New Forest Coven followed the model of witchcraft that Murray had described in her 1921 book, The Witch Cult in Europe.
	www.mythandmagick.net /oldreligion.html (958 words)

	Under a Silver Moon - Concepts of Wicca
		The coven had been in existence for decades, however it wasn't until 1951 that Britain repealed the last laws mandating that all witches be put to death.
		Covens work sky clad as a rule, and all eight sabbats are observed, as well as both the God and the Goddess being honored.
		There is also a rule where covens work sky clad, and they aim to have 'perfect couples' with equal numbers of males and females, paired, and the covens of Gardnerian are autonomous.
	www.jccomp.com /~spike/page2.html (2706 words)

	War Goddess.net - British Traditional Wicca, by Adam Pacio
		The religion is so named because Gardner allegedly revived the hereditary practices that he found among the witches of the New Forest Coven, located in the south of England.
		Covens are usually led by a woman of sufficient rank.
		The Maiden Coven operates under the authority of the 3* HP or HPS of the parent coven, until such a time as the 2* person leading the Maiden Coven has earned or can be elevated to 3*.
	www.wargoddess.net /essay/btw.php (1101 words)

	Summerland Grove - Pagan Traditions
		In the early 1950's, Gerald Gardner developed an initiatory tradition of Witchcraft based on teachings from Freemasonry, Aliester Crowley and the New Forest coven he was a member of.
		The covens are usually lead by both a High Priest and High Priestess, holding open rituals and each coven determines for themselves whether to work robed or skyclad.
		Decisions for the coven are made by the coven instead of just one or two people.
	www.summerland.org /trads.htm (296 words)

	A Brief History of Wicca
		In the late 1930s, Gardner tells us he was introduced to a group of people in New Forest, England, who practiced the old style of worship of the Goddess and God.
		Although their coven is the root of the majority the Gardnerian covens in the U.S. currently, there are two other Gardnerian lines in the US.
		She was rediscovered by many people, and new traditions and practices developed in profusion.
	www.ncf.ca /~cq081/qs/mel-hist.html (1408 words)

	Lesson 2, Gardnerian Wicca, Mountain Magic, Pow-Wow
		The first criticism is that the New Forest coven too neatly followed the model of witchcraft that Margaret Murray had described in her 1921 book, The Witch Cult in Europe.
		However, Doreen Valiente, who in the 1950s belonged to Gardner's coven (which was not the New Forest coven), located the birth and death certificates of Dorothy Clutterbuck in the early 1980s.
		She left an estate of 60,000 pounds, which made it _________________ for her to have owned the old large house near the New Forest where Gardner said he was initiated.
	northernway.org /school/onw/folk/les2.html (3148 words)

	Wiccan Study - The Old Craft Laws
		The text of the Book of Shadows was theoretically passed down from generation to generation within the New Forest Coven, which was the coven that introduced Gerald Gardner to Wicca.
		It is not known whether the New Forest Coven actually existed, as most covens are reclusive by nature.
		(45) Anyone living within the Covendom wishing to form a new Coven, to avoid strife, shall tell the Elders of his intention And on the instant void his dwelling and remove to the new Covendom.
	herbalmusings.com /old-craft-laws.htm (3688 words)

	Gardnerianism
		Their coven was passed on to Lady Theos and Phoenix in 1972 and to Lady Rhiannon in 1985.
		Judy notes that the existence of the earlier New Forest coven is unproven, and not particularly important.
		We have our different covens and our different practices, But the family feeling is very strong.
	members.tripod.com /EsotericTexts03/wicca.Gardnerianism.htm (1090 words)

	temp\public_html\wicca
		Covens range in number of members, but traditionally have a maximum of thirteen.
		With the altar and practitioner, if solitary, or High Priestess, in a coven, located in the center of the circle, the fifth element of spirit is present during the spellcasting.
		Covens usually celebrate the Esbats alone, a practice which helps to reaffirm the bonds within a coven.
	www.people.vcu.edu /~dbromley/wicca.htm (3132 words)

	What is Wicca? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Or, depending on the coven, minors are alowed in with parental consent.
		In 1939 Gerald Gardner was claimed to be initiated into the New Forest Coven by a woman named Mrs.
		They decide who gets initiated into the coven, meaning there is no such thing as a self initiated Wiccan, period.
	www.witches-tutorial.com /paths/wicca.html (328 words)

	Pagan Net NZ - Strength through Diversity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		In 1939 a man named Gerald Gardner came into contact with members of a witch coven in the New Forest area in Britain.
		Gardner was eventually initiated into this coven, and from this background, went on to publicise Witchcraft to the world.
		So in 1949, he published a fictionalised account of Witchcraft in his book, "High Magic's Aid", giving some of the hereditary information he received from his Witch contacts, because a fictional account was all they would give him permission to reveal as Witchcraft was at that stage still illegal in Britain.
	www.pagan.net.nz /gbg.html (509 words)

	gardner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Gardner claimed to have been initiated into the New Forest Coven by Dorothy Cluterbuck in September, 1939.
		That he was initiated into the New Forrest Coven by Dorothy Clutterbuck.
		The fabrications fall everywhere in between, but regardless, serve as one a lie that is one of the metaphysics of Wicca.
	www.geocities.com /brewingbacklash/gardner.html (1322 words)

	The Old Laws (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Gardner originally sent this set of Laws to his coveners in 1957 in response to a call from Doreen Valiente that he stop granting interviews in violation of the Law that one was not to speak of the Craft to outsiders.
		He passed them off as having been given to him by the Coven, yet it was the Coven he was presenting it to.
		Let each High Priestess govern her Coven with Justice and love with the help of the advice of the elders.
	sacred-pathways.com /OldLaws.html (2767 words)

	black star coven recruiting site --
		Wicca is a forest in the light of the silvery moon...
		Wilkinson then proceeded to tell King that he had himself become friendly with members of a coven operating in the New Forest area, and he thought that whilst it was possible that they derived their existence from Murray's "Witch Cult in Western Europe", he felt that they were rather older.
		This is also the main reason for Gerald's Law which states that the HPS will, "...gracefully retire in favour of a younger woman, should the coven so decide in council." Needless to say, Doreen was not impressed, and she and Ned left the coven under very acrimonious circumstances.
	www.freewebs.com /black_mage530/justcrap.htm (13693 words)

	[No title]
		Sybil was famous mostly in the 60s as an author and speaker..Sybil Leek was of the New Forest coven which is where Gerald Gardener came from originally They were both initiated by the same guy named George Pickersgill.
		Sybil was not even in the same coven, she was initiated into Horsa Coven which was in the New Forest region but was not the same as the New Forest Coven.
		George Pickingill was rumored to be the Magister of nine covens in the New Forest area.
	wicca.com /celtic/forums/view_topic.php?id=2136&forum_id=19 (1755 words)

	TWPT Talks with Anna Franklin
		My first coven was a Gardnerian group, run by a lovely woman called Julia Isobel Reed, and it was she who introduced me to our native Brythonic [British] Celtic deities.
		Coven members were hand picked from those who attended talks and meetings on occult subjects.
		Sara was an initiate of Horsa, the famous New Forest Coven that had initiated Gerald Gardner.
	www.twpt.com /annafranklin.htm (4333 words)

	valiente (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		In her teenage years, whilst living in the New Forest in Hampshire, Doreen began to experiment with simple magic.
		He claimed the material was taken directly from the New Forest Coven and was the remnants of the Old Religion, which had been passed down through the ages.
		In Doreen's book The Rebirth of Witchcraft, she explains that as the coven's High Priestess, she felt that by speaking to the press, Gardner was compromising the security of the group and the sincerity of his own teachings.
	www.ctwp.org /authors/valiente.htm (2423 words)

	Part Two: Craft of the Wise? Pt 1
		The forerunner of the wicca was the shaman in the oak forests of Northern Europe, who saw visions, interpreted the wishes of the Gods, and generally turned or bent the forces of Nature for communal benefit.
		I hope that our friends in the Craft will enjoy this new revelation, and that Druids will also welcome Gardner back into our fold again, as it is now clear that he was heavily involved in the revolutions in Druidry that were occurring at about the same time as the Craft was going public.
		It is inferred that Gerald Gardner's New Forest coven originated with the Woodcraft factions.
	www.fortunecity.com /roswell/angelic/361/3.html (4257 words)

	FireHeart Interviews Doreen Valiente (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		For one thing, a lot of the real traditional covens were family affairs, and people lived in the same village and didn't move very much, possibly for centuries.
		Instead of large covens like there used to be, there will be a lot more smaller groups, and they will do their own thing.
		One of them came up to a woman who was a Witch and said to her, "The first thing we want you to know is that God loves you," to which the Witch, being very polite, promptly replied, "Yes, I know she does." And the gentleman got very upset and accused her of being blasphemous.
	www.earthspirit.com /fireheart/fhdv1.html (3940 words)

	Wiccan History
		There was a Magical Group in the New Forest, but it didn't call itself a coven, but Gerald had notions that it was.
		There was a group calling itself 'The New Forest Coven', but it had very little in the way of written ritual.
		She never claimed any lineage back into the past, although she was the founder of 'The Horsa Coven' in the RIngwood/Burley area of the New Forest.
	www.wicca.utvinternet.com /history.htm (995 words)

	The Lotus Pond - Wicca - A History of Wicca
		The second group usually believe either Gerald Gardner created Wicca himself or that he used the New Forest coven as a base on which he built further rituals.
		I find it unlikely that if peasants in a poor rural areas where practicing Wicca, that they would be able to afford and hide such fancy tools, or make use of often complicated correspondences.
		I believe Gerald Gardner was familiar with ritual magic and societies like the Golden Dawn, and made use of their teachings and structure in creating, or perhaps modernizing, a small older faith which was practiced by the New Forest coven.
	lotuspond.silentblue.net /wicca/wiccahistory.html (851 words)

	Gerald Gardner and the Cauldron of Inspiration Review (The Cauldron: A Pagan Forum)
		The new book is a detailed look at Gerald B. Gardner and his contacts and interactions with various members of England's naturist, occult, and esoteric communities from the time of his retirement from the British Colonial Service in 1936 until his death.
		He goes on to outline one possible means whereby the New Forest Coven might have coalesced around her.
		Heselton's credit, in the portion of the book dealing with Gardner's relationship with Aleister Crowley he does manage to advance a plausible theory which resolves a number of the objections to the controversial "Charter," in which Crowley supposedly granted to Gardner the authority to re-establish the OTO in Britain.
	www.ecauldron.com /bkggatcoi.php (1033 words)

	Kinds of Witchcraft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Gardner told of having been initiated into a surviving Coven of Traditional Witches in the New Forest by "Old Dorothy" Clutterbuck in 1939; which makes Gardnerian Wicca a branch of Traditional Witchcraft.
		Some Brit Trad Witches (both Gardnerian and non-Gardnerian) hold that only the Initiatory Descendents of Gardner are "the Wicca", having inherited that name, and the Initiatory Lineage, directly from the Wicca of Old Dorothy's New Forest Coven.
		This argument that "Since Gardner created the word, nobody has the right to define it for anyone else" is contradictory indeed, since surely those who inherited the practices from the alleged creator have the right to define what they inherited.
	www.starkindler.org /witch.html (937 words)

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