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Topic: New Formalist

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	virtuaLit: Critical Approaches
		New historicists, like formalists and their critics, acknowledge the importance of the literary text, but they also analyze the text with an eye to history.
		In this respect, the new historicism is not "new"; the majority of critics between 1920 and 1950 focused on a work’s historical content and based their interpretations on the interplay between the text and historical contexts (such as the author’s life or intentions in writing the work).
		New historicists remind us that it is treacherous to reconstruct the past as it really was—rather than as we have been conditioned by our own place and time to believe that it was.
	bcs.bedfordstmartins.com /virtualit/poetry/critical_define/crit_newhist.html (665 words)

	Comparison of Critical Approaches
		For this reason and another more, Formalist critics, such as the New Critics, assume that a work of literature is a freestanding, self-contained object whose meaning can be found in the complex network of relations between its parts (allusions, images, rhythms, sounds, etc.).
		They reject the formalist view that a work of literary art is demonstrably unified from beginning to end, in one certain way, or that it is organized around a single center that ultimately can be identified.
		Formalists ultimately make sense of the ambiguities they find in a given text, arguing that every ambiguity serves a definite, meaningful, and demonstrable literary function.
	mural.uv.es /peruizma/comparison.htm (1298 words)

	Comparison of Critical Approaches
		Formalists find necessary to examine the relationships between a text's ideas and its form, between what a text says and the way it says it, taking into special account the use of language (Delahoyde - New Criticism).
		Formalists find a work complete in itself, written for its own sake, and unified by its form, which makes it a work of art (Connell - Formalism).
		Usually, the New Critics define their themes as oppositions: Life and death, good and evil, love and hate, harmony and strife, order and disorder, eternity and time, reality and appearance, truth and falsehood, emotion and reason, simplicity and complexity, nature and art.
	mural.uv.es /joalco/comparison.htm (1406 words)

	LitGloss - N
		New historicism An approach to literature that emphasizes the interaction between the historic context of the work and a modern reader's understanding and interpretation of the work.
		New historicists attempt to describe the culture of a period by reading many different kinds of texts and paying close attention to many different dimensions of a culture, including political, economic, social, and aesthetic concerns.
		New historicism acknowledges and then explores various versions of "history," sensitizing us to the fact that the history on which we choose to focus is colored by being reconstructed from our present circumstances.
	bcs.bedfordstmartins.com /litgloss/LitGlosscode/litgloss_n.html (669 words)

	Gadfly Online.
		One of the reasons I think New Formalism has become such an influential movement in American poetry is the number of extraordinarily talented writers who have chosen to experiment with rhyme, meter and narrative.
		New electronic media, like radio, television, CDs, tape recorders and even long‑distance phones, are shifting our responsibility not entirely, but meaningfully away from the visual culture of typography to the aural culture of the spoken word.
		The New Formalists are, ironically, the new avant‑garde, even though they borrow many techniques from the past.
	www.gadflyonline.com /archive/March98/archive-gioia.html (3001 words)

	Tired of the Soup du Jour? \| Nick Evans \| Variant 16 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Although Charlesworth recognises the new formalism as “pragmatic and often cynical…and conservatively reconciled to the commercial locus of the unique object”, he justifies the importance of the position it represents on the grounds that it is “one of the plurality of practices in which questions of form, experience and context may once again be negotiated.”
		But he maintains that the strategies adopted by the new formalists enable them to embrace idiosyncratic ways of working which could be seen as an “assertion of cultural separation or independence by the artist.” He places the blame for potential readings of his position as reactionary and market-oriented firmly in a historical court.
		Even if we forgive Charlesworth the absurd proposition that the new formalists are busy generating “practical accidents” in order to reveal the context of their works’ presentation, it is clear that the confines of gallery context have nevertheless become a precondition for the smooth running of the new formalist mechanics.
	www.variant.randomstate.org /16texts/Soup_du_Jour.html (3500 words)

	TEXT Vol 7 No 2 Letters to the Editors
		In his enthusiasm to locate my statement as part of a project that is modernist, formalist and New Critical, as opposed to his preferred position with post-theoretical New Humanities, Dawson has seen the name 'Eliot' and automatically read 'modernism'.
		This reading challenges the very conventional reading practices within which Dawson's argument insists on placing it, that is the New Critical 'anti-ideological' post World War II reading practices defined by John Docker in 'The Neocolonial Assumption in University Teaching of English' (Docker 1978) as universalist and reconciling of all differences.
		Dawson argues that the workshop is a formalist structure, and that its activities of teaching are formalist - thus equating formalism with an 'aesthetic' or non-social discourse.
	www.gu.edu.au /school/art/text/oct03/freimanletter.htm (1136 words)

	Mike Snider's Formal Blog
		One new poem a week, occasional rants and raves on how poetry works and how it doesn't, and links to news about poetry.
		Poetry Daily posts at least as much metrical verse (New Formalist or old) as langpo or utterances from the children of Ashberry.
		It's true that some of the New Formalists I've met are Republicans, and some are libertarians, and some may be to the right of Newt Gingrich.
	radio.weblogs.com /0113501/2003/01/27.html (472 words)

	T-AMLIT Vol 8 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Formalist criticism reminds us that poetry is a craft, even (in a sense) one of the "plastic arts": words can offer a positively "physiological" experience and are (again, in a sense) arranged by the poet according to "weight", "shape" and "color".
		New Criticism also has a noticeably evaluative quality (as opposed to the more or less descriptive quality of good formalist criticism), and features a philosophy of "organicism" that includes a concern for "form" but is by no means limited to it.
		A "New Critic" may be (and often is) both a "formalist" and a "close" reader, but neither "close reading" nor "formalism" is necessarily "New Criticism." I do not see why these three terms should be used interchangably when they can so readily (and usefully) be distinguished.
	www.georgetown.edu /tamlit/journal/jrnlvol8.html (3240 words)

	Art Journal: Critical perspectives on 'New Images of Man.' - sculpture exhibition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		However, a more fundamental reason for its bad critical reception was that at the time of formalist ascendancy, New Images of Man was a plea for the importance of an existential, or humanist, content in contemporary art.
		New Images of Man featured 104 paintings and sculptures by twenty-three artists, nearly half of whom were Europeans.
		That these forms are ravaged and distorted reflects the artists' struggling with the "demonic forces" of dehumanization in an age of anxiety.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0425/is_n4_v53/ai_16548162 (878 words)

	Essays
		Neovictorian/Cochlea isn't strictly a New Formalist publication, although there is plenty of poetry in form in the Winter 2000 issue.
		According to my new york friends, The New York Press is a weekly newsrag that generally tacks right of center on most things, and that's fine by us.
		Further, although in modern idiom, the images are nearly Wordsworthian in their simple grandeur, particular the last one in which we see snowflakes morph into seagulls rowing powerfully against the currents of the wind, each like a miniature crew-shell of one.
	edge-city.com /page2.htm (5370 words)

	New Criticism Explained (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		New Criticism was a highly influential school of Formalist criticism that flourished from the 40s to late 60s.
		New forms of mass literature and literacy, an increasingly consumerist society and the increasingly visible role of commerce, mass media, and advertising in people's lives.
		That the values New Critics celebrated were neither unchanging nor universal, but instead reflected their own, historically and experientially specific concerns, values and ambitions.
	www.sou.edu /English/Hedges/Sodashop/RCenter/Theory/Explaind/ncritexp.htm (524 words)

	A Study of Literary Theory and Its Application to Renaisance Texts
		In the early 1980’s, feminist criticism and New Historicism came head to head in several important Shakespeare conferences—1984 SAA annual meeting in Cambridge, Massachusetts; 1986 at the World Congress of the International Shakespeare Association in Berlin; and 1988 a conference in Boston.
		Bevington’s essay is a litmus strip for the condition of the relationship between New Historicist and feminist criticism in 1995.
		Literary studies in English are currently in a state of considerable flux, and new disciplinary approaches as well as interdisciplinary approaches are on the rise, including: deconstruction, cultural materialism, gender studies, and new historicism.
	www.louisville.edu /~jelear01/RenTheory.htm (9852 words)

	Collection Search Record
		In 1908-09, Brancusi sculpted two portraits of Baroness Renée Frachon, whose elongated oval face, thinly arched eyebrows, diminutive nose, and chignon hairstyle became the inspiration for the Hirshhorn's Sleeping Muse I. In this sculpture, Brancusi made the crucial transition from descriptive naturalism to abstract purity of form.
		Constantin Brancusi 1876-1957 (New York: Braziller, 1959), ill. p.
		New Born (Japan: Tankosha, 1995), no. 7, fig.
	hirshhorn.si.edu /collection/view.asp?ObjectNumber=66.610 (1418 words)

	New Norton's New Formalist - Eratosphere (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Alicia, the birthdate is not the cause for the exclusion of New Formalists.
		The new editor of the new edition, Jahan Ramazani, is a scholar of postcolonial literature and declares as one of his purposes the inclusion of non-American and non-English poets.
		In the book's introduction, the new edition introduces several key movement of the past 50-odd years and in the text includes representatives of all of them--except for New Formalism.
	www.ablemuse.com /erato/ubbhtml/Forum3/HTML/000330.html (1501 words)

	The Overlooked Master - How poetic history conspired against Richard Wilbur. By James Longenbach (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Because the energy of the New Formalist movement was mostly polemical, the movement passed as quickly as it came, making the emblematic Wilbur seem like a more haplessly revered figure than ever.
		The new Collected Poems adds five books written for children, the recent collection Mayflies, and a handful of new poems to the New and Collected Poems of 1987: The additions won't change what seasoned readers already know about Wilbur, and neither will they change what seasoned polemicists think they know.
		New Orleans was, of course, and will be again, a great city to eat in.
	slate.msn.com /id/2110115 (1155 words)

	Lit Criticism
		The underlying assumption is formalist criticism is that literature must be examined on its own terms as literature is a unique form of human knowledge.
		New Historicism holds that there is no complete and real "history." Rather there is only the version which is passed on, be it a narrative or our interpretation of the past.
		New Historians claim history is the story, (ideas, culture, and beliefs,) of the powerful, the rich, the privileged and the victorious who write the history books to reinforce the values of their culture.
	www.walkupsway.com /lit.htm (1667 words)

	Yve-Alain Bois - Whose formalism?
		Then I'll use his work to show that if "formalist criticism" currently has a bad name, it may be because it was not practiced well enough.
		Failing to notice that Pollock was attempting something formally new in these late works, one could not but fail to ask why and at which juncture he would have had to do so; one could not but fail to be a historian.
		Failing to address the interrogation raised by Picasso's papiers colles on the very nature of the sign and its function of communication, and wanting to make of them the equivalent of nineteenth-century history paintings, are sure ways of remaining blind to their historical specificity.
	www.egs.edu /faculty/bois/bois-whose-formalism.html (1837 words)

	Review by Catherine Daly
		Levitsky also writes and publishes experimental "New Narrative" prose, and some of her statements about her narrative practice are online at the San Francisco State University eZine Narrativity.
		Experimental new narrative can be said to have begun with Kathy Acker's novels and continued with fiction, poetry, and theatre works written by Carla Harryman.
		The formalist new narrative applies traditional theories and techniques of poetry; it develops narratives characterized by "closure" by utilizing rhetorical figures and sound patterns to emphasize and delineate plot points.
	www.poetserv.com /relativelinks/reviews1/daly.html (909 words)

	"New Formalist" vs. "Expansive" article by Caleb Murdock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		That term is both descriptive and accurate, in that our movement is both "new" (20-30 years old, although Richard Wilbur and many other poets never stopped writing metered verse) and "formalist".
		I received an e-mail from Wade Newman telling me that "New Formalist" is a subcategory of "Expansive", and that the two terms are not meant to be competitive (the Expansive category also includes metered narrative verse in addition to New Formalist verse, which is metered lyrical verse).
		Even if it is true that "New Formalist" and "Expansive" are not opposing terms, that doesn't change the fact that "Expansive" is a poorly conceived label for a poetry movement (for all the reasons given).
	www.poemtree.com /poems/Expansive.htm (527 words)

	The New Formalism in Texas, 8/3/2001 - The Texas Observer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		On the other hand, he praises the work of poet-critic Dana Gioia for being part of a movement known as the New Formalism that has rescued American poetry from "a gang of professors [who] hijacked" it and imposed in the place of rhyme their so-called free verse.
		Whether or not one agrees with Michael Lind that the New Formalism has saved American poetry from the clutches of free verse, there is no doubt that R.S. Gwynn is an accomplished writer in such forms as the heroic couplet, the sonnet, the ballad, the villanelle, and a number of others of his own invention.
		Doubt, fear, frustration and failure are constant themes in Gwynn's New Poems, and one piece that represents these dramatically is a three-sonnet sequence, "Body Bags," on schoolmates, two of whom died in Vietnam or afterwards by suicide.
	www.texasobserver.org /showArticle.asp?ArticleID=352 (1246 words)

	Genders OnLine Journal - American Formalist Aesthetics and the Gendered Body
		When one thinks of formalist criticism, the image of the body is probably not the first thing that springs to mind, other than perhaps the trope of the omniscient "floating eyeball" that signifies a powerfully detached, mastering gaze.
		During the sixties, a new emphasis was placed on the "purely optical" qualities of advanced modernist painting, along with the "lucid" and "non-tactile" effects of "disembodied" painterly fields.
		The most salient example of this is the retrospective exhibition of Stieglitz's photographs that was held at the Anderson Galleries in New York in February of 1921, a show that marked Stieglitz's comeback in the New York art world after the closing of 291 some four years earlier.
	www.genders.org /g35/g35_berelowitz.html (4737 words)

	Silliman's Blog: 01/01/2003 - 01/31/2003
		New Penguin Book of English Verse, a compendious tome edited by Paul Keegan, it seems to me that women are rarer than modernists in late 20C English poetry.
		New American Poetry who are still actively publishing new poetry on a regular basis.
		New Criterion, the one overtly rightwing cultural journal in
	ronsilliman.blogspot.com /2003_01_01_ronsilliman_archive.html (7459 words)

	Style
		Recent poetic movements in the U.S. include the New Formalists, the New Narrativists, Language Poets, and most recently, Slam Poetry contests and poetry on the Internet.
		A counter-revolution against open form or free verse, New Formalism revives and experiments with rhyme, meter, and form.
		Several of the poets we have been reading in this course are proponents of the New Formalist movement, which began in the early 1980s.
	www.uni.edu /~gotera/CraftOfPoetry/style.html (1377 words)

	Preface (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The trend is back to metered poetry, and the trend even has a name: New Formalism.
		New Formalist poetry is marked by the use of traditional poetic elements, such as meter and rhyme, but it uses natural diction rather than the stilted diction of some traditional poetry.
		This anthology is an attempt to popularize New Formalist poetry, as well as natural-sounding traditional poetry.
	www.poemtree.com /Preface.htm (663 words)

	[New-Poetry] Gioia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The main thing that drove me to their philosophy is the fact that I had plenty of poets shoved down my throat for years: Ashbery, The New York School, L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E poetry (whatever that means) and others.
		When I didn't understand a poet, when I couldn't see what he/she was trying to do, I was always told that the problem was mine as a reader, not the poet's problem.
		When I first started reading poets allied with this New Formalism, most notably Mark Jarman (whose cause I will always champion) and Robert McDowell, our own Sam Gwynn, and Gioia for that matter, I was struck by the clarity in their lines.
	ebbs.english.vt.edu /pipermail/new-poetry/2001-November/005214.html (305 words)

	The Daily Tar Heel - Professor shares poetry Thursday (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Jarman, the series’ 22nd reader, is one of America’s leading poets in the New Formalist movement, which gained recognition in the 1980s and seeks to renew respect for meter, rhyme and tradition.
		New Formalism was a pejorative term at a time when free verse was viewed by many as the only acceptable kind of poetry.
		Jarman and David Mason went on to edit the anthology “Rebel Angels: 25 Poets of the New Formalism” in 1996.
	www.dailytarheel.com /vnews/display.v/ART/2005/02/25/421f29e15833c (556 words)

	EP&M Online Critical Essay
		The New Narrative canon could then boast only a handful of successful poems, and the New Formalism lacked any defining anthologies providing a body of poems by which readers could judge its merits.
		This charge gave the false impression that New Formalism and New Narrative are solely their province (an assumption that is quickly deflated when one peruses the tables of contents of A Formal Feeling Comes and Rebel Angels).
		Aside from providing the present editor with the first platform from which he was allowed to sound off on the subject, the issue also included comments and poems by a number of poets whose names and voices appear in the pages that follow.
	www.n2hos.com /acm/cult0699.html (1753 words)

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