New Kingdom of Granada

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	Granada - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		From 1232 to 1492, Granada ( ArabicØºØ±ÙØ§Ø·Ø© Ä arnÄá¹ah) was the seat of the Nasrid dynasty that ruled the sultanate (until 1238) and kingdom from the mid 13th century to the 15th century, one of the longest-lasting Islamic dynasties in the history of al-Andalus.
		At the 2003 census, the population of the city of Granada proper was 237,663, and the population of the entire urban area was estimated to be 450,439, ranking as the 13th-largest urban area of the Spanish Kingdom.
		Granada is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the community of Andalusia, Spain.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Granada

	GRANADA - LoveToKnow Article on GRANADA
		GRANADA, the capital of the province, and formerly of the kingdom of Granada, in southern Spain; on the Madrid-GranadaAlgeciras railway.
		GRANADA, a maritime province of southern Spain, formed in 1833 of districts belonging to Andalusia, and coinciding with the central parts of the ancient kingdom of Granada.
		The kingdom of Granada, which outlasted all the other Moorish states in Spain, fell at last through dynastic rivalries and a harem intrigue.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /G/GR/GRANADA.htm

	WHKMLA : History of Granada
		The result of the War of Castile-Aragon against Granada was never in doubt; the Nasrid kingdom fell in 1492, the year in which Columbus sailed for the Indies.
		For the Emirate of Granada it was a period of peace and prosperity.
		In 1499 the Moorish population of Granada rose in rebellion.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/spain/granada.html

	AllRefer.com - Granada, city, Spain, Spain & Portugal (Spanish And Portuguese Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		With the surrender (Jan., 1492) of the city of Granada, the Moors lost their last hold in Spain, and the kingdom was united with Castile.
		In 1238 it became the seat of the kingdom of Granada, last refuge of the Moors whom the Christian reconquest had driven south; the kingdom occupied the present provinces of AlmerIa and MAlaga and parts of JaEn and CAdiz.
		However, the kingdom was weakened by continuous feuds among noble families, notably the Zegris and the Abencerages, and was conquered by Ferdinand II and Isabella I during the reign of Boabdil ( Muhammad XI).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/GranadSp.html

	Adventures of Moorish Spain: Granada
		Granada was the capital of the kingdom of the Nasrids.
		The united Christian kingdom took control over most of the coast, and by 1490 there was little left of the kingdom of Granada but Granada itself.
		Granada's final fall came over a period of 13 years, starting with th uniting of the kingdoms of Aragon and Castille.
	lexicorient.com /spain/granada.htm

	Brief History of Granada
		He established the kingdom of Granada, which extended from the mountains of Sierra Nevada to Gibraltar and which was originally made up of the province of Granada (where he set up his court), the provinces of Malaga and Almeria, and part of the provinces of Cordoba, Jaen, Sevilla, and Cadiz.
		Unfortunately, the kingdom was gradually undermined due to the internal disagreements between its rulers and the successive conquests of various parts of the kingdom by the Christian armies.
		Although the treaties signed by the Catholic Monarchs with Boabdil for the surrender of Granada stated that the different languages, religions and customs would be respected, after a few years it became clear that this was not happening in practice, and Cardinal Cisneros insisted that everyone, regardless of their religion, be baptised.
	www.granadamap.com /history.htm

	New Granada biography .ms
		New Granada was the name given to a group of colonial provinces in northern South America, corresponding mainly to modern Colombia.
		To establish civil government in New Granada, an Audiencia (a "court of hearing") was established at Santa Fé de Bogotá in 1548-1549, a body that combined executive and judicial authority, until a presidencia or governor was established in 1564, assuming executive powers.
		After Ecuador and Venezuela had established their independence,"the Republic of New Granada" lasted from 1831 to 1856, and "New Granada" was a usage that survived in conservative circles, such as among ecclesiastics.
	new-granada.biography.ms

	Toledo and Granada, Spain - Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger, Sheboygan, Wisconsin
		At the end of that period, when the Moors were deprived of most of their Spanish possessions, the city replaced Córdoba as the capital of the remaining Moorish territory, called the kingdom of Granada.
		Granada (city, Spain), city in southern Spain, capital of Granada Province, in Andalucía, at the foot of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, at the confluence of the Genil and Darro rivers.
		Granada was founded in the 8th century by the Moors near the site of an ancient Roman settlement.
	www.galenfrysinger.com /toledo.htm

	Granada
		As the seat of the Moorish kingdom of Granada, it was the final stronghold of the Moors in Spain, falling to the Roman Catholic monarchs Ferdinand II and Isabella I in January 1492.
		Granada province also contains the lead mines of the Sierra de Gador (the richest in the world during the 19th century), and the Marquesado de Zenete region is one of Spain's largest producers of iron ore.
		In the northeast of the city is the Albaicín quarter, which is the oldest section of Granada.
	www.btinternet.com /~iann.ward/page_44.htm

	ALHAMA DE GRANADA - LoveToKnow Article on ALHAMA DE GRANADA
		In the isth century Alhama, and the neighboring fortress of Loja (q.v.), were generally regarded as the keys of the kingdom of Granada, and their capture went far to insure the overthrow of the Moorish power.
		Subscriptions were received from all parts of Spain, and the present town was built at a little distance from its predecessor.
		Alhama was taken by the Spanish marquis of Cadiz in 1482; and its fall is celebrated in an ancient ballad, Ay de mi, Alhama, which Byron translated into English.
	19.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AL/ALHAMA_DE_GRANADA.htm

	Granada Euroconference
		Astronomical tradition in Granada was flourishing in the last nazarite Kingdom of Granada (XIII-XV centuries) from where famous astronomers, such as Azarkiel, are known.
		Granada lies at the feet of the Sierra Nevada, some 400 km south of Madrid, and 300 km east of Sevilla, in the Southern region of Spain called Andalucía.
		This is the epoch of the nazarite University of Granada, La Madraza, founded by Yusuf I. The University of Granada, founded by the emperor Charles V at the beginning of the XVI century, can be seen as the seed of a modern astronomical tradition.
	www.iaa.es /~euroconf/page1.html

	Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada by Washington Irving : Arthur's Classic Novels
		In the centre of the kingdom lay its capital, the beautiful city of Granada, sheltered, as it were, in the lap of the Sierra Nevada, or Snowy Mountains.
		So inflamed was he with zeal for the success of this enterprise that he would have penetrated into the kingdom of Granada with the handful of cavaliers who accompanied him, but they represented the rashness of such a journey through the mountainous defiles of a hostile country thickly beset with towns and castles.
		In a word, so beautiful was the earth, so pure the air, and so serene the sky of this delicious region that the Moors imagined the paradise of their Prophet to be situated in that part of the heaven which overhung the kingdom of Granada.
	arthursclassicnovels.com /arthurs/irving/chrcon10.html

	Pictures Spain
		Granada has magnificent old buildings and narrow streets, from a time when the city was under the rule of the Moorish kings.
		Granada is a city in the region of Andalusia, at the foot of the
		Pictures Spain, Europe Travel Guide and tourist attractions Granada has buildings and streets, city was under the rule of the Moorish kings.
	www.pictures-europe.com /pictures-spain.htm

	Chapter 7: The Mendoza Family in the Spanish Renaissance 1350-1550
		In fact, a period of internal peace did follow the conquest of Granada; but it was largely due to the coincidence that a number of the principal political figures of the kingdom died immediately after the conquest, from January through October 1492; and there was a period of readjustment while new leadership developed.
		But his efforts to maintain the peace and prosperity of the kingdom of Granada take on a heroic quality when they are viewed in the perspective of his involvement in the national political crises of the same period.
		Since Cenete was alcaide of Guadix, one of the strategic fortresses of the kingdom of Granada, Tendilla had to cooperate with him in the maintenance of public order, and especially in the policing of the highway between the cities of Guadix and Granada.
	libro.uca.edu /mendoza/msr7.htm

	Granada - Discover worldly, mystical Granada
		Modern Granada is both worldly and mystical - a vibrant melting pot of east and western cultures, with a large student population thanks to its university, and an eclectic contrast of Muslim and Spanish culture.
		WHY GO The city of Granada has one of the most dramatic locations in Spain, poised below the magnificent snowcapped peaks of the Sierra Nevada.
		It is the perfect setting for one of Europe's most stunning monuments - The Alhambra Palace, the romantic palace-fortress of the Nasrid Sultans, rulers of the last Spanish Muslim Kingdom.
	www.cntraveller.com /Guides/Spain/Granada

	Lycos Travel
		At the foot of the Sierra Nevada, between the courses of the Genil and the Darro, lies the capital of the old Kingdom of Granada, the last to be reconquered by the Catholic Monarchs in 1492.
		The Parador de Granada, situated in the Alhambra precinct, gives us the chance to stay the night in a convent that was ordered to be built by the Catholic Monarchs and to enjoy one of the best views of this historic-artistic site.
		Granada offers us many more important corners and buildings, but we cannot forget the Royal Hospital, today seat of the rectorate of the University of Granada and the Carthusian Monastery.
	www.lycos.co.uk /travel/spain/granada.html

	University of Granada - General Information
		Capital of the former Nazari Kingdom, Granada was the last city on the Iberian Peninsula to be conquered from the Muslims in 1492, an event which was to mark the formation of Spain.
		Before the conquest of Granada paved the way for the discovery of a new world, and with it the meeting of American and European cultures, the city had already been Iberian, Roman and later Jewish and Islamic.
		To speak of Granada is, therefore, to speak of an exceptional geography, midway between the warm sea and the high mountains: 60 minutes by car from the province of Granada's beaches, 75 minutes from Malaga, and 30 minutes from the Sierra Nevada ski resort (at a height of 3,400 metres).
	www.ugr.es /university.htm

	TUSPAIN - The Historic Alhambra, Granada
		During the next two centuries Granada was ruled by the Berber dynasty of the Almoravides and then Berber Almohades, until the first Nasrite king, Mohammed I, established a kingdom in 1241.
		It includes the superb palace of Granada´s Moorish kings, which was principally under the Nasrite rulers Yusuf I (1333-54) and Mohammed V (1354-91).
		It was the only surviving bastion of Islam in Spain until the last king of Granada had to relinquish the city to Ferdinand and Isabella at the treaty of Santa Fé in 1491.
	tuspain.com /alhambra.htm

	LOTE - Lords 1 - Tuetonic Kingdom of New Granada
		The end result was a three way division of the country: the Catholic (but Lencolar-friendly) Kingdom of Caquetio in the northwest, the Lencolar slave-led People's Republic of Zion in the north, and the rump Catholic slave-holding Kingdom of New Granada in the south.
		The political branch is known today as the Kingdom of New Granada and retains very close ties with the Papacy.
		New Granada: Mindful of the wishes of his Pope, Samuel continued to send armies tramping about the northern cane-growing provinces, intending to stamp out the last of the Zionists and their Lencolar heresy.
	www.snappydsl.com /rob/lords1/newgranada.html

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Spain
		From that time the Spanish Mussulmans were confined to the Kingdom of Granada, which had been founded by Mohammed Alhamar in 1238, and lasted until 1492, when Boabdil was conquered by Ferdinand and Isabella.
		The kingdom formed by the union of Aragón and Catalonia was the first to complete that portion of the Reconquest which the geographical conditions assigned to it; then it directed its strength eastward.
		While the Gothic kingdom was decaying through effeminacy and the discord produced by the elective system of monarchy, the fanatical sectaries of the Koran were advancing through North Africa.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14169b.htm

	New Granada
		The conqueror Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada[?] colonised a large area in the region, founding the city of Santa Fé de Bogotá (currently Bogotá) and naming the region El nuevo reino de Granada, the new kingdom of Granada - after the kingdom of Granada which had existed in modern Spain.
		The remainder was now renamed the Republic of New Granada, which in 1886 changed to the republic of Colombia.
		A government was installed in the area in 1549, and in 1717 New Granada was made a viceroyalty.
	www.eurofreehost.com /ne/New_Granada.html.txt

	New Granada
		To further stabilize colonial government, New Granada was made a presidency (an administrative and political division headed by a governor) in 1564, and the audiencia was relegated to its proper judicial functions.
		Granada and Carlton were to form a single ITV company but suddenly it was all off.
		Granada reinforces its long standing relationship with Anker as part of the Bristol International Airport deal.
	www.infoplease.com /ce5/CE036985.html

	THE KINGDOM OF GRANADA 1325
		This horseman is equipped to fight a la jinete in a light cavalry style which, based upon North African tactics, was developed in Granada and was soon adopted by the Christians.
		Their costume was both more traditional and closer to that of North Africa than was the dress of the ordinary warrior.
		Crossbowmen who actually used their weapons from horseback are a rare phenomenon but were seen in Central Europe and above all in Granada during 14th and 15th centuries.
	www.shadesmtw.com /moorunits6.htm

	Information about Las Alpujarras, Granada Andalucia, Southern Spain
		Soon followed a royal decree expelling from the Kingdom of Granada all people of Arab descent, since the "new Christians", as the converts were called, were all suspected of being ¨crypto-Muslims¨ in secret...
		One of the many great travel books written about Spain is devoted to the Alpujarra - Gerald Brenan´s South From Granada, which recounts the adventures of a young Britisher who, after serving in World War I, walked through Andalucia in search of a cheap place to live and write.
		Soon after the Castillians took Granada in 1492, all the city´s Moors were forced to convert to Christianity.
	www.andalucia.com /villages/alpujarras.htm

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Castile and Aragon
		The united kingdom which came into existence by the marriage (1469) of Isabella, heiress of Castile, with Ferdinand the Catholic, King of Aragon.
		Sancho, who inherited the Kingdom of Castile, began encroaching upon the rights of his brothers, but was assassinated at the siege of Zamora, which he was trying to take from his sister Urraca, and was succeeded by Alfonso VI.
		Old Castile is in outline an irregular triangle, the western frontier bordering on the ancient Kingdom of Leon, the south-eastern boundary being the Sierras de Gredos, Guadarrama, and the Moncayo ( Mons Caunus), and the north-eastern, the river Ebro.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03410b.htm

	Irving, Harbert and Shillingsburg (1988) A chronicle of the conquest of Granada
		Irving, Harbert and Shillingsburg (1988) A chronicle of the conquest of Granada
	www.getcited.org /pub/102704035

	Avalanche Press
		The object of the game for the Spanish player is to conquer the Moorish kingdom — Granada herself and five other important Moorish sites.
		Granada: The Fall of Moslem Spain is a two-player game based on the 1481-1492 campaign between Ferdinand and Isabella of Aragon and Castille on one side (the "Spanish player") and Muhammed XII and later Muhammed XIII on the other (the "Moorish player").
		For over 700 years, Spanish Christians tried to exterminate the Arab kingdoms of southern Spain.
	www.avalanchepress.com /gameGranada.php

	Irving (1973) Chronicle of the conquest of Granada, from the mss. of Fray Antonio Agapida
		Irving (1973) Chronicle of the conquest of Granada, from the mss.
		Chronicle of the conquest of Granada, from the mss.
	www.getcited.org /pub/101407446

	Granada
		In 1481, Spain began the conquest of the Moslem kingdom of Granada in southern Spain.
		A review of Avalanche Press’: Granada: The Fall of Moslem Spain
		Avalanche Press offers the opportunity to relive this struggle in Granada: The Fall of Moslem Spain.
	www.angelfire.com /games3/randomwargamers/granada.html

	Abencerrages
		Abencerrages, was a family or faction that is said to have held a prominent position in the Moorish[?] kingdom of Granada in the 15th century.
		Nothing is known of the family with certainty; but the name is familiar from the interesting romance of Ginés Perez de Hita, Guerras civiles de Granada, which celebrates the feuds of the Abencerrages and the rival family of the Zegris, and the cruel treatment to which the former were subjected.
		The name appears to have been derived from the Yussuf ben-Serragh, the head of the tribe in the time of Mahommed VII[?], who did that sovereign good service in his struggles to retain the crown of which he was three times deprived.
	www.eurofreehost.com /ab/Abencerrages.html

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