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Topic: New York Heart Association Functional Classification

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	1994 Revisions to Classification of Functional Capacity and Objective Assessment of Patients With Diseases of the Heart
		The classification of patients according to cardiac functional capacity is only part of the information needed to plan the management of patients' activities.
		Functional capacity is an estimate of what the patient's heart will allow the patient to do and should not be influenced by the character of the structural lesions or an opinion as to treatment or prognosis.
		Symptoms of heart failure or the anginal syndrome may be present even at rest.
	www.americanheart.org /presenter.jhtml?identifier=1712 (826 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Cardiology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Cardiology is the branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the heart and blood vessels.
		The field is commonly divided in the branches of coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease and electrophysiology.
		Coronary heart disease (Ischaemic heart disease, Coronary artery disease)
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Cardiology (284 words)

	Heart Failure Tests
		Its radioactivity is short-lived and the dye is excreted in the urine.
		After the physical exam, blood and heart tests have been completed and a diagnosis of HF is confirmed, the physician usually will classify, or "rank," the patient's heart failure.
		Heart failure patients are placed in one of four categories, depending on how their condition affects the performance of normal physical activities.
	www.hrspatients.org /patients/heart_disorders/heart_failure/tests.asp (917 words)

	NursingCenter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In women with heart failure, functional status is assessed using the New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification Scale, a subjective measure of symptom-related distress during activity.
		Functional debilitation due to shortness of breath and fatigue, also referred to as symptom distress, is inversely related to quality of life.
		Perceived functional assessments—as measured by the Minnesota and NYHA functional scales—don’t consistently correlate with left ventricular ejection fraction, aren’t sensitive to changes or variations in functional class, and may be more strongly correlated to psychological constructs such as depression.
	www.nursingcenter.com /prodev/cearticleprint.asp?CE_ID=513878 (3253 words)

	Background on BiDil (isosorbide dinitrate hydralazine)
		Heart failure is a condition that develops slowly as the heart muscle weakens and results in the inability of the heart to keep an adequate supply of blood flowing through the body.
		Heart failure occurs when the heart has been damaged by a heart attack, long-term high blood pressure, an abnormality of the heart valves, coronary artery disease, and/or an infection such as endocarditis or myocarditis.
		The four function classes of the NYHA are Class I and II, which are mild stages of the disease, Class III is moderate and Class IV is severe heart failure in which the person is unable to carry out any physical activity without extreme discomfort.
	www.nitromed.com /bildil/DOCS/heartfailure.html (402 words)

	GCR: Heart Failure Disease Specific Site
		As recommended by the AHCPR Guidelines for heart failure, all patients who complain of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (awakening from sleep with shortness of breath), or new-onset dyspnea on exertion should undergo evaluation for heart failure unless history and physical examination clearly indicate a noncardiac cause for their symptoms, such as severe pulmonary disease.
		Heart failure is often referred to as mild, moderate, or severe.
		One of the mechanisms for drug-induced heart failure is inhibition of myocardial contractility which is caused by the negative inotropic agents.
	www.gcrweb.com /HeartDSS/evalu.htm (1186 words)

	Pulmonary Hypertension Association
		In addition, a functional classification (see Table) patterned after the New York Heart Association Functional Classification for heart disease was developed to allow comparisons of patients with respect to the clinical severity of the disease process.
		The association between liver disease and pulmonary hyper-tension appears to be related to portal hypertension, and not to liver disease itself.8 Why portal hypertension leads to pulmonary hypertension has never been fully understood.
		There has been no association made between the viral load or the type of antivi-ral therapy and the severity of the pulmonary hypertension.9 As antiviral therapy against HIV improves over time, it will be of interest to note whether or not the coexisting pulmonary hypertension resolves with treatment.
	www.phassociation.org /Medical/Advances_in_PH/spring_2002/PH_Classification.asp (1200 words)

	Home Intravenous Dobutamine Therapy for Severe Congestive Heart Failure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The disease is associated with a six-year mortality rate of 65% in women and nearly 80% in men.
		Congestive heart failure is a result of impairment in myocardial muscle function that interferes with adequate cardiac output.
		Congestive heart failure patients develop a renewed interest in living as they are more able to participate in routine daily activities that were previously limited by the severity of their disease.
	www.uspharmacist.com /oldformat.asp?url=newlook/files/Feat/aug99home.cfm&pub_id=8&article_id=409 (7247 words)

	Managing Heart Failure in Patients with Pulmonary Disease
		It is meant to complement, not replace, the widely used New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification, which categorizes HF patients by the severity of their symptoms.
		The NYHA functional classification essentially categorizes HF patients who are in Stage C or Stage D. The new staging system presented by the guidelines “is basically meant to highlight the fact that there are preclinical stages of heart failure during which prevention is extremely important,” Dr. Hunt noted.
		Patients who are often hospitalized for HF and who cannot be safely discharged from the hopital; patients in the hospital awaiting heart trasplantation; patients at home receiving continuous intravenous support for symptom relief or being supported with a mechanical circulatory assist device; patients in a hospice setting for the management of HF.
	www.pulmonaryreviews.com /feb02/heart.html (1130 words)

	Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Functional Outcome After 10 Years (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Eight patients (20.5%) with organ damage were unable to perform everyday activities important to their quality of life (functionally impaired).
		Causes of functional impairment were cognitive dysfunction (n = 3), cardiovascular disease (New York Heart Association Functional Classification Class IV) (n = 2), aphasia (n = 1), expressive aphasia (n = 1), and locked-in syndrome (n = 1).
		Functional prognosis is poor in an important minority of primary APS patients with > 10 years of disease.
	www.jrheum.com /abstracts/abstracts00/2817.html (224 words)

	Bayer Receives FDA Clearance for Automated BNP Assay, A Blood Test to Aid in the Diagnosis of Heart Failure
		The most commonly used classification system for staging the severity of heart failure is the New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification.
		Prevalence of heart failure is expected to continue to rise, due to the aging population and increase in acute coronary syndrome survival.
		Issuers of news releases and not PR Newswire are solely responsible for the accuracy of the content.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/06-25-2003/0001971941&EDATE= (893 words)

	Two commonly prescribed diabetes drugs may cause heart failure and fluid buildup
		Congestive heart failure, which affects 3 million Americans, is an imbalance in pump function in which the heart fails to maintain adequate circulation of blood.
		The most severe manifestation of congestive heart failure is pulmonary edema, or fluid in the lungs.
		The New York Heart Association functional classification for patients with heart failure is used to characterize patients' limitation from left ventricular failure.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-09/uots-tcp090503.php (615 words)

	Clinical Study: 03-H-0282, Characterization of Cardiac Function in Patients with Hereditary Hemochromatosis Who Are New ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		This study will examine the effect of iron buildup in the hearts of patients with hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), a genetic disease that causes the body to accumulate excess amounts of iron.
		Generally, early treatment with phlebotomy (periodic removal of a unit of blood), and in some cases chelation (using a drug to remove iron from the body) slows down organ damage in HH patients.
		A small probe is held against the chest to allow a technician to take pictures of the heart and assess its function.
	clinicalstudies.info.nih.gov /cgi/detail.cgi?A_2003-H-0282.html (1288 words)

	FDA green light for Bayer's new heart failure test
		Heart failure is a serious condition, which may not be treated because symptoms are non-specific and this makes diagnosis of disease quite difficult.
		The New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification is the commonest system for assessing the severity of heart failure.
		According to American Heart Association data, nearly 5 million Americans suffer with HF, while 550,000 cases are diagnosed each year.
	www.advancesinlifescience.com /news_132.htm (383 words)

	eMedicine - Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Edema : Article by Shamai Grossman, MD, MS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		valvular heart disease, hypertension, peripheral edema, jugular venous distention, tachycardia, coronary artery disease, congenital heart disease, myocarditis, infectious endocarditis, pulmonary embolus, hyperthyroidism
		The New York Heart Association's functional classification of CHF is one of the most useful.
		The most common cause of heart failure is coronary artery disease, which is secondary to loss of left ventricular muscle, ongoing ischemia, or decreased diastolic ventricular compliance.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic108.htm (5884 words)

	New Modalities to Combat Heart Failure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The classification that differentiates between systolic and diastolic dysfunction requires the determination of the patient’s ejection fraction (EF) by echocardiography or the Bio-Z device.
		The data suggests that ADM is increased in patients with moderate to severe heart failure, that volume expansion and an activated sympathetic nervous system may be associated with the increase, and that plasma adrenomedullin levels change in response to the pathophysiologic changes of heart failure.
		The increased ADM in heart failure may be involved in the defense mechanism against further elevation in peripheral vascular resistance.
	www.acofp.org /member_publications/0204_1.html (5104 words)

	Clinical Trial: Cardiac Function in Patients With Hereditary Hemochromatosis
		Exercise stress echocardiography: The participant exercises on a stationary bike while heart function is measured with an echocardiogram, EKG, and blood pressure cuff.
		Hemochromatosis in its advanced stages is associated with severe cardiac complications including congestive heart failure, premature coronary artery disease, and cardiac arrhythmias.
		Interestingly, a report also indicates that functional abnormalities of the heart can be seen in predominantly asymptomatic HH patient group.
	www.clinicaltrials.gov /ct/show/NCT00068159 (1607 words)

	Appraisal Consultation Document: Implantable cardioverter defibrillators for arrhythmias (review of existing guidance ...
		Risk stratification may involve the use of EP studies, signal averaged ECGs and heart rate variability, although the evidence base for these is often not strong.
		Additionally, the experts estimated that mortality associated with the procedure was in the region of 1 in 3000.
		If EP testing has not been routinely available, only Holter monitoring or left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure classification information may be available for these patients, which would mean that unless the patients have been referred elsewhere for EP testing, they would not be eligible for an ICD.
	www.nice.org.uk /page.aspx?o=259000 (6051 words)

	New York Heart Association Functional Classif... - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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		The fossil turns out to be a new species, but it won't be identified as such for nearly 40 years.
		New bone growth after the loss of his teeth suggests that he was cared for by others, the oldest evidence yet found of care for the sick in fossil hominids.
	www.strangescience.net /timeline.htm (11662 words)

	Imaginis - Heart Disease - Diagnosing Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
		Chest x-ray: A chest x-ray images the heart and surrounding thoracic anatomy, shows heart size and shape and reveals whether the heart is misshapen or enlarged due to disease.
		Echocardiography may also be used to study congenital heart defects such as a septal defect (a hole in the wall that separates the two chambers of the heart).
		Angiography can also image the beating heart in real time and may be useful in evaluating the function of the heart chambers.
	www.imaginis.com /heart-disease/chf_diag.asp?mode=1 (886 words)

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		New fossil discoveries have only strengthened the creationist position, which is why it is understandable that evolutionist books no longer carry this type of human fossil chart.
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	nature.ac.uk /browse/570.html (7284 words)

	Primary Care Clinical Practice Guidelines 7
		Heart 1999 Apr;81:335 editorial New British recommendations for prevention of coronary heart disease in clinical practice
		American Heart Association - Scientific Statements on a variety of topics pertaining to cardiovascular disease and stroke.
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	members.aol.com /pricarecpg/guide7.html (2309 words)

	(2004) Two Prescribed Diabetes Drugs May Cause Congestive Heart Failure
		Two diabetes medications taken by more than 6 million Americans may lead to serious side effects, including the onset of congestive heart failure and pulmonary edema, according to researchers at UT Southwestern.
		The researchers report that the oral drugs pioglitazone and rosiglita-zone can cause or exacerbate heart failure and pulmonary edema and should be avoided in patients with left ventricular dysfunction (impaired pumping ability of the heart) or chronic renal insufficiency.
		Both medications — among a class of drugs known as thiazoli-dinediones — are used for the treatment of non-insulin dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus, said Dr. Abhimanyu Garg, chief of nutrition and metabolic diseases at UT Southwestern, chief of the diabetes clinic at the VA North Texas Health Care System, and the study's senior author.
	www8.utsouthwestern.edu /utsw/cda/dept27717/files/167954.html (618 words)

	New York Heart Association Classification for Congestive Heart Failure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		New York Heart Association Classification for Congestive Heart Failure
		New York Heart Association (NYHA) Classification for Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
		A functional and therapeutic classification for prescription of physical activity for cardiac patients.
	www.mywhatever.com /cifwriter/content/41/pe1265.html (161 words)

	Information Research Weblog
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	Cardiac Dysfunction in the Trastuzumab Clinical Trials Experience -- Seidman et al. 20 (5): 1215 -- Journal of Clinical ...
		for the diagnosis, and the New York Heart Association functional
		in embryonic lethality in mice and is associated with profound
		Hirota H, Chen J, Betz UA, et al: Loss of a gp130 cardiac muscle cell survival pathway is a critical event in the onset of heart failure during biomechanical stress.
	www.jco.org /cgi/content/full/20/5/1215 (4965 words)

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