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Topic: New Zealand Electricity Market

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	Moving To New Zealand
		New Zealand is a country which people tend to ignore, with some even believing that it is part of Australia!
		The New Zealand culture is a combination of a number of foreign influences including, English, Scottish, Irish, American, Australian and the original Maori tribes.
		The overall population of New Zealand is heavily influenced by European descendants, with British and Irish connections by far and away the strongest.
	www.expatforum.com /articles/moving/moving-to-new-zealand.html (1025 words)

	New Zealand Info - Bored Net - Boredom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		New Zealand is somewhat isolated in the ocean and consists of two main islands (prosaically known as the North Island and the South Island) and numerous smaller islands.
		New Zealand is a Constitutional Monarchy with a parliamentary democracy Under the New Zealand Royal Titles Act 1953 Queen Elizabeth II, is Queen of New Zealand, and is represented as head of state by the Governor General, Dame Silvia Cartwright.
		New Zealand's most popular sports are rugby (primarily rugby union but also rugby league), soccer, (the most popular sport amongst children), cricket, and netball (the sport with the most players); golf, tennis, rowing and a variety of water sports, particularly sailing.
	www.borednet.com /e/n/encyclopedia/n/ne/new_zealand.html (2611 words)

	New Zealand
		The New Zealand cabinet is led by the Prime Minister of New Zealand, currently (April 2003) Helen Clark of the centre-left Labour party, which governs in coalition with the further-left Progressive Coalition[?] party, and with support from the centre-right United Future[?].
		New Zealand's most popular sports are rugby (primarily rugby union but also rugby league), football (the most popular sport amongst children), cricket, and netball (the sport with the most players); golf, tennis, rowing and a variety of water sports[?], particularly sailing.
		New Zealand is world-famous among glider pilots for hosting the 1995 Gliding World Cup at Omarama in North Otago near the centre of the South Island.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ao/Aotearoa.html (1458 words)

	Electricity Commission - Indicators of retail market activity in the New Zealand electricity market
		The Electricity Commission (Commission) should give high priority to ensuring relevant information is made available to market participants and to the public at large on matters relating to the electricity sector."
		In accordance with this aspect of the GPS, the Commission’s primary objective (for the purpose of this paper) is to ensure that relevant information regarding activity in the New Zealand electricity retail market is available to the Commission, market participants, and the general public.
		The information collected may be used to develop the Commission's policies in relation to retail market activity.
	www.electricitycommission.govt.nz /consultation/dashboard/view (422 words)

	Energy Profile for New Zealand
		The potential for wind as an energy resource in New Zealand is extremely high because of the mountainous terrain and because it is surrounded by bodies of water.
		Electricity is the main source of energy for households, with 69% of residential energy used in 1998.
		Electricity is the most-used energy source for the industrial sector (32%), followed by coal (20%), natural gas (16%), biomass (15%), liquid fuels (9%), and geothermal (8%).
	www.bu.edu /cees/classes/binna/304/energy_profiles/New_Zealand.htm (4199 words)

	New Zealand Electricity Market - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The wholesale market for electricity is administered by M-co on behalf of the market regulator, the Electricity Commission.
		Distribution of electricity from the grid exit points to the end consumers' premises is the responsibility of 28 distributors who have monopoly control of the lines services on their networks.
		The final chapter of the Electricity Governance Rules, on transmission, was gazetted on April 28 to become effective on 28 May 2004.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/New_Zealand_Electricity_Market (1697 words)

	New Zealand - Gurupedia
		New Zealand's most common name in the indigenous Māori language is Aotearoa which is popularly taken to mean Land of the Long White Cloud although it more closely translates as Long Cloud Piercer.
		New Zealand has a High Court (until 1980 known as the Supreme Court) and a Court of Appeal (formerly part of the Supreme Court), as well as subordinate courts.
		Europeans are often collectively known in New Zealand as Pakeha although many reject this term as applying only to those with no solid link to a European identity, the remainder preferring to be known as New Zealand European, European, or their relevant ethnicities.
	www.gurupedia.com /n/ne/new_zealand.htm (2739 words)

	Part Two: 1994 to 2001 \| Chronology of New Zealand Electricity Reform \| Electricity Industry
		New Zealand's largest electricity generator - state-owned enterprise ECNZ - was split into three competing state-owned generators.
		The market would have worked better if the reforms specified in the Government Policy Statement (see section 54) had been fully implemented (such as improved information disclosure, demand-side participation in the market, and mechanisms to invest in the grid to relieve transmission constraints).
		New Zealand is facing the need to build new generation capacity in the next few years to meet rising demand.
	www.med.govt.nz /templates/MultipageDocumentPage____6479.aspx (2646 words)

	Pricing in Wholesale Electricity Markets - Working Paper - The Treasury
		Electricity prices for residential consumers in New Zealand rose 20%, adjusted for inflation, between 1996 and 2004 (Ministry of Economic Development 2005).1 Given these price increases, it is not surprising that the New Zealand electricity market has come under increased scrutiny.
		All major competitive electricity markets, including New Zealand’s, are designed according to the principle that, in order to achieve an efficient allocation of resources, the market price should be determined by the marginal cost of production.
		When wholesale markets are competitive, the gap between market price and marginal cost that is enjoyed by some generators typically represents “scarcity rents”, which compensate for fixed costs, and possibly also short-term “economic profits”.
	www.treasury.govt.nz /workingpapers/2005/pp05-03.asp (364 words)

	Kidd - WHOLESALE ELECTRICITY MARKET CONGRESS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A set of interim market rules was designed and authorised by the commerce commission, in time to allow scheduling of two generators, ECNZ and contact, for the first time in New Zealand history.
		Finally the market is able to begin to respond to signals that have been hidden in the 'fl box' of the monopoly supplier.
		The Government's policy, which market participants took as the starting point for designing the market, is to ensure the continuing availability of energy services at the lowest cost to the economy as a whole, consistent with sustainable development.
	www.executive.govt.nz /93-96/minister/kidd/dks060696.htm (2053 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Asia-Pacific \| Country profiles \| Country profile: New Zealand
		New Zealand, a wealthy Pacific nation, is dominated by two cultural groups: New Zealanders of European descent, and the minority Maori, whose Polynesian ancestors arrived on the islands around 1,000 years ago.
		A significant amount of New Zealand's electricity is generated by hydropower sources and the country has a range of renewable energy sources at its disposal.
		New Zealand has a single-chamber parliament, the House of Representatives, which is elected for a three-year term.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1136253.stm (928 words)

	NZ electricity market body appoints operators (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Electricity Commission, set up by the New Zealand government to manage the generation and retail side of the market, said it had re-signed the market's current providers because the tight timetable to get the market ready by March 1 left it with little alternative.
		New Zealand share market operator NZX in November 2003 put in a bid to run the market, which it said it could do more cheaply with better technology than the incumbent, M-co. A contestable process open to all comers would have taken six to nine months, the Commission said.
		In 2003, the country faced the prospect of electricity shortages for the second year in three because of low hydro lake levels, a shortage of natural gas supplies and increased demand.
	www.electricityforum.com /news/dec03/nzpower.html (361 words)

	Electricity Market Design & Creation In Asia Pacific - New Zealand
		The development of the market by the industry and other concerned parties was a process sanctioned by the government, which decided the structure and size of participating companies.
		This is in contrast with many other electricity markets around the world where industry costs and workforces are contracting rapidly, yet those of the monopoly regulatory departments are growing rapidly.
		NZEM is administered on behalf of its participants by the Marketplace Company (M-co), which also conducts the pricing and clearing functions.
	www.worldenergy.org /wec-geis/publications/reports/emd/status/newzealand/objectives.asp (1485 words)

	Electricity Restructuring Research: Recent work by Pablo Spiller
		We find that the penetration of direct access in New Zealand responded quite clearly to economic incentives: companies that had unbalanced rates, that had high direct costs, that had high utilization rates, that had low load factors and low frequency of system interruptions had, on average, much higher rates of direct access penetration.
		Various proposals to restructure electric power transmission systems for an open and competitive market rely on concepts such as nodal prices, congestion revenues, transmission rights, etc. Implicit assertions are made concerning the regulation of transmission access, properties of economic dispatch, and the operation of competitive power markets.
		We assert that new methods to deal with transmission ownership compensation and expansion are needed if the move towards a competitive wholesale electricity market is not to be bogged down in a regulatory quagmire.
	faculty.haas.berkeley.edu /spiller/eleabs.htm (1058 words)

	EMRG selection of energy-related conference papers - Management - University of Canterbury (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Decisions in each of these markets are not mutually exclusive, and in the case of imperfectly competitive scenarios generating companies can use their market power to influence spot and contract prices.
		A model of oligopolistic market equilibrium is presented where the relationship between physical and financial markets is based on the impact spot prices and the variance of spot prices have on contract demand.
		In Proceedings of the 33rd ORSNZ Conference, University of Auckland (New Zealand), August 1998, 147-156.
	www.mang.canterbury.ac.nz /research/emrg/conferencepapers.shtml (1959 words)

	Scoop: New regulations gazetted
		If electricity suppliers choose to pass on the cost of the new levies to consumers, it is expected to add approximately $8 to a typical household annual power bill in the 2005/06 financial year.
		Among its new duties, the commission is responsible for procuring reserve energy to ensure adequate security of electricity supply during dry periods.
		Prior to the commission being established in late 2003, the costs for running the electricity markets were incurred by the industry under self-regulation.
	www.scoop.co.nz /stories/PA0503/S00515.htm (662 words)

	Published Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Hawaiian Electric Co.(HECO) is executing a strategic plan to embrace new technologies and processes to meet their customers' growing needs by investing in a new dispatch office, a new energy management system(EMS), an outage management system(OMS) and a customer information system(CIS).
		This article evaluates New Zealand electricity customer switching from market opening, the events which contributed to the record highs, and the consolidation which led to the market stabilization.
		Market participants in Victoria will require more efficient and adaptable meter data management systems to cope with the scalability requirements of capturing and processing large volumes of usage data.
	www.peace.com /newsroom/publications.html (729 words)

	Electricity \| Energy and Resources \| Ministry of Economic Development
		We have a lead role within government on the regulatory regime for the sector, ensuring that government policies are implemented, monitoring the performance of the Electricity Commission and ownership responsibilities for the Whirinaki electricity reserve generation plant.
		The electricity industry is covered by generic and specific legislation and regulations, which are reviewed from time to time.
		Electricity topics which are no longer current can be found in the archive section.
	www.med.govt.nz /ers/electric.html (194 words)

	Sharing Oracle 9iAS Experiences !!!
		The New Zealand Electricity Market (NZEM), which settles over one billion dollars annually, is one such proven example.
		NZEM is a voluntary multi-lateral trading contract where most of the New Zealand wholesale electricity gets traded.
		COMIT underpins the operation of New Zealand's wholesale electricity market providing the 'gateway' to the market for participants.
	www.revealnet.com /newsletter-v4/0603_B.htm (2942 words)

	CNN.com - NZ's cold snap chills AGL shares - June 21, 2001
		These included abnormally high wholesale electricity prices, problems in the hedge, spot and retail electricity markets, the unplanned sale of a retail business and the need to restructure existing electricity generation contracts.
		The key to Natural Gas's woes seems to be its failure to hedge against unexpectedly high wholesale electricity prices in New Zealand which were brought about by a severe cold snap beginning around the end of May this year.
		Martin said Natural Gas was seeking an investigation by the Independent Market Surveillance Committee of the New Zealand Electricity Market (NZEM) into the operation of the electricity market.
	edition.cnn.com /2001/WORLD/asiapcf/auspac/06/21/Aust.AGL.biz (322 words)

	WMO Newsletter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In New Zealand, the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research of New Zealand (NIWA) has been working with the electricity industry to supply customized climate and hydrology information that supports better business outcomes and security of supply.
		The use of climate forecasts is steadily increasing in New Zealand’s lightly regulated, market driven electricity industry.
		The New Zealand electricity industry supplies a very widely dispersed set of consumers and the national grid has no interconnection with other national grids to fall back on.
	www.wmo.ch /meteoworld/archive/en/august2005/newzealand.htm (337 words)

	Electricity Sector
		The New Zealand electricity industry has been subject to major reform, moving away from a structure characterised by fragmented and localised distribution and retail entities (and a dominant state owned electricity generator) to a structure of fewer network companies with competitive generation and retailing markets.
		The priority of the Electricity Commission is to ensure the effective operation of the electricity market, and in particular to ensure security of supply and reserve generation, prioritisation of transmission grid investment, and hedge market and demand-side participation.
		In New Zealand, PricewaterhouseCoopers is the pre-eminent advisor to the electricity industry having undertaken major assignments for ECNZ, its successor companies (Genesis Power, Mighty River Power and Meridian Energy), Transpower, Contact Energy, Vector, Powerco, UnitedNetworks, TrustPower, WEL Networks (and numerous mid-size and community-owned electricity businesses).
	www.pwc.com /extweb/industry.nsf/docid/2620F576506CB8AD85256829007B6224 (615 words)

	Electricity Corporation of New Zealand - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Electricity Corporation of New Zealand Ltd (ECNZ) is a New Zealand State-Owned Enterprise formed on April 1, 1987 as a transition entity in the process of deregulating the New Zealand Electricity Market.
		In the 1980's, a government department – the New Zealand Electricity Department (NZED) controlled and operated almost all New Zealand electricity generation and operated the New Zealand electricity transmission grid.
		The first phase of deregulation saw the New Zealand Government corporatise the NZED and form the state-owned enterprise – ECNZ.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electricity_Corporation_of_New_Zealand (236 words)

	New Zealand Electricity Industry Links - Power Systems Group - Electrical and Computer Engineering - University of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Electricity Commission The Electricity Commission supervises New Zealand's electricity market.
		It provides oversight of the operation and governance of the electricity market in accordance with the rules and regulations under the Electricity Act 1992.
		© University of Canterbury - Christchurch, New Zealand
	www.elec.canterbury.ac.nz /research/powersystems/links/industry.shtml (207 words)

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