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In the News (Mon 16 Nov 09)

  
 Show trial - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Show trials, which often take place under authoritarian régimes, albeit some-times in a democratic country, far more often than not have the purpose of eliminating or suppressing the political opponents of an organization, such as a current government or a church.
The term show trial describes a type of public trial in which the judicial authorities have already determined the guilt of the defendant: the actual trial has as its only goal to present the accusation and the verdict to the public as an impressive example and as a warning.
Show trials were a cornerstone of Joseph Stalin's regime.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Show_trial

  
 Maxi Trial - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Giovanni Falcone, one of the architects of the Maxi Trial.
The Maxi Trial was a criminal trial that took place in Sicily during the mid-1980s that saw hundreds of defendants on trial for a multitude of crimes relating to Mafia activities.
The trial's primary success, at its very outset, was in holding the Mafia as an organization into account for its activities rather than just its individual members for isolated crimes (this approach was personified in the USA via the RICO Act).
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Maxi_Trial   (1822 words)

  
 Nuremberg Trials - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The legal basis for the trial was established by the 'London Charter', issued on August 8, 1945, which restricted the trial to "trial and punishment of the major war criminals of the European Axis countries".
The trials were held in the German city of Nuremberg from 1945 to 1949 at the Nuremberg Palace of Justice.
The trials were conducted under their own rules of evidence ; the indictments were created ex post facto and were not based on any nation's law; the tu quoque defense was removed; and the entire spirit of the assembly was " victor's justice ".
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuremberg_Trials   (1822 words)

  
 Trial court - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not all cases are heard in trial courts; some cases may begin in inferior limited jurisdiction bodies such as the case of the jurisdiction of an administrative body that has been created by statute to make some kind of binding determination under the law and were simplified procedural practices may apply similar to arbitration.
The trial court is the court where the record of the presentation of evidence is created and must be maintained or transmitted to the appellate court.
In the trial court evidence is taken and determinations are made called findings of fact based on the evidence under the rules of evidence of the court following the applicable procedural law; the court also makes findings of law based upon the applicable law.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trial_court   (356 words)

  
 Witch trial - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
One particular case that is often cited as an early witch trial is the death of Hypatia in 415 CE.
The first medieval trials against witches date to the 13th century with the institution of the Inquisition, but they were a side issue, as the Church was concentrating on the persecution of heresy, and witchcraft, alleged or real, was treated as any other sort of heresy.
Supporters of the idea that the mob thought of her as a witch point to the fact that the method of her death, being gouged to death with jagged potsherds is similar to the sentence the Emperor Constantine declared for workers of black magic.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Witch_trial   (2925 words)

  
 Scopes Trial - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
It was not until the 1960s that the Scopes trial began to be mentioned in the history textbooks of American high schools and colleges, usually as an example of the conflict between fundamentalists and modernists, and often in sections that also talked about the rise of the Ku Klux Klan in the South.
Mencken's trial reports were heavily slanted against the prosecution and the jury which was "unanimously hot for Genesis." He mocked the town's inhabitants as "yokels" and "morons".
On the seventh day of the trial, Clarence Darrow took the unorthodox step of calling William Jennings Bryan, counsel for the prosecution, to the stand as a witness in an effort to demonstrate that belief in the historicity of the Bible and its many accounts of miracles was unreasonable.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scopes_Trial   (3820 words)

  
 Mock trial - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mock trial is also the name of an extracurricular program in which students participate in contrived or fake trials to learn new skills and compete with each other.
A mock trial (sometimes synonymous with moot court, although the activities are often different) is a contrived or imitation trial.
Some of the premiere invitationals include the Yale University Invitational, the University of Virginia Great American Mock Trial Invitational, the University of Iowa Cornshucker, the Rhodes College Blues City Challenge, the UCLA Invitational, and the Columbia University Big Apple Invitational Tournament and the University of Arizona Desert Classic.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mock_trial   (1108 words)

  
 Trial balance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Trial balance is prepared in each financial period as a summary of the closing of the previous ledger.
So the trial balance is also a tool to detect any errors which may have occurred during the double-entry system of the ledger.
In bookkeeping, the trial balance is a worksheet wherein all the balances of each ledger are entered in two columns, namely debit and credit.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trial_balance   (173 words)

  
 Erhard Milch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In 1933, Milch took up a position as State Secretary of the newly-formed Reichsluftfahrtministerium ("Reich's Aviation Ministry" - RLM), answering directly to Hermann Göring.
Milch’s career before the rise of the Third Reich reflects the turbulent state of the emerging airline industry.
A biography, highly sympathetic to Milch, The Rise and Fall of the Luftwaffe: The Life of Field Marshall Erhard Milch was published by David Irving in 1973.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Erhard_Milch   (173 words)

  
 Clinical trial - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The major difference between clinical trials and epidemiological studies is that, in clinical trials, the investigators manipulate the administration of a new intervention and measure the effect of that manipulation, whereas epidemiological studies only observe associations (correlations) between the treatments experienced by participants and their health status or diseases.
Trials may be designed to assess the safety and efficacy of an experimental therapy, to assess whether the new intervention is better than standard therapy, or to compare the efficacy of two standard or marketed interventions.
The most commonly performed clinical trials evaluate new drugs, medical devices, biologics, or other interventions to patients in strictly scientifically controlled settings, and are required for Food and Drug Administration approval of new therapies.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Clinical_trial   (1488 words)

  
 [No title]
An Armed Populace: The Right to Bear Arms
home.pacbell.net /landauer   (1488 words)

  
 Scopes Trial - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
It was not until the 1960s that the Scopes trial began to be mentioned in the history textbooks of American high schools and colleges, usually as an example of the conflict between fundamentalists and modernists, and often in sections that also talked about the rise of the Ku Klux Klan in the South.
Scopes later admitted that, in reality, he was unsure of whether or not he had taught evolution, but the point was not contested at the trial (Scopes 1967:59-60).
It was Mencken who provided the trial with its most colorful labels such as the "Monkey trial" of "the infidel Scopes." It was also the first U.S. trial to be broadcast on national radio.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scopes_Trial   (3820 words)

  
 Speedy trial - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
statute (for example, in New York, the prosecution must be "ready for trial" within six months on all felonies except Murder, or the charges are dismissed by action of law, without regard to the merits of the case), or determined by a court under a substantive theory based on the
public trial..." This argument is typically made in cases in which a significant amount of time has lapsed between the date of the commission of the crime and the date of arrest.
Examples of such exceptions are periods of time in which the delay preceding the trial is due to the request of the defense, or if there is good cause shown for the delay.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Denial_of_a_speedy_trial   (3820 words)

  
 Milch Trial - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Chief of Counsel for the Prosecution was Telford Taylor, the Chief Trial Counsel was Clark Denny.
The Milch Trial (or officially, The United States of America vs. Erhard Milch) was the second of the twelve trials for war crimes the U.S. authorities held in their occupation zone in Germany in Nuremberg after the end of World War II.
In the Milch trial, former Field Marshal of the Luftwaffe Erhard Milch was accused of having committed war crimes and crimes against humanity.
www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Milch_Trial   (3820 words)

  
 Trial division - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Trial division is the simplest and easiest to understand of the integer factorization algorithms.
Trial division is guaranteed to find a factor of n, since it checks all possible prime factors of n.
In the worst case, trial division is a very inefficient algorithm.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trial_division   (311 words)

  
 Bench trial - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bench trials, however, are frequently more informal than jury trials and sometimes evidence is accepted de bene, or provisionally, subject to the possiblity of being struck in the future.
A bench trial in the U.S. is a trial before a judge in which the defendant has waived his/her right to a jury trial.
For example, the rules of evidence and methods of objection are the same in a bench trial as in a jury trial.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bench_trial   (169 words)

  
 Nuremberg Trials - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The legal basis for the trial was established by the 'London Charter', issued on August 8, 1945, which restricted the trial to "trial and punishment of the major war criminals of the European Axis countries".
The trials were conducted under their own rules of evidence; the indictments were created ex post facto and were not based on any nation's law; the tu quoque defense was removed; and the entire spirit of the assembly was "victor's justice".
The trials were held in the German city of Nuremberg from 1945 to 1949 at the Nuremberg Palace of Justice.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuremberg_trials   (1908 words)

  
 Einsatzgruppen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
At the conclusion of World War II, senior leaders of the Einsatzgruppen were put before United States occupation courts, variably charged with crimes against humanity, war crimes, and membership in the SS (which had been declared a criminal organization), in what became known as the Einsatzgruppen Trial of the Subsequent Nuremberg Trials.
The original mandate set by Heydrich for the four Einsatzgruppen sent into the Soviet Union as part of Operation Barbarossa was to secure the offices and papers of the Soviet state and Communist Party; liquidate all of the higher cadres of the Soviet state; and to instigate and encourage pogroms against all local Jewish populations.
The Einsatzgruppen kept track of many of their massacres, and one of the most famous of these officials records is the Jager Report, covering the operation of a Einsatzkommando 3 over five months in Lithuania.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Einsatzgruppen   (1580 words)

  
 Menahem Mendel Beilis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Menahem Mendel Beilis (Russian: Менахем Мендель Бейлис; 1874-1934) was a Ukrainian Jew wrongly accused of murder in a notorious trial, known as the Beilis trial.
The Beilis trial was followed worldwide and the anti-Semitic policies of the Russian Empire were severely criticized.
Beilis was represented by the most able counsels of the Moscow, St.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Menahem_Mendel_Beilis   (646 words)

  
 Trial - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In law, a trial is the presentation of information in a formal setting, usually a court, with the object of determining whether or not a person (or other legal entity such as a corporation) has broken a law.
In science, a trial is the result of a given run of a given experiment, with the usual object of testing a scientific hypothesis.
A trial version of a software package (or piece of trialware) is often produced by a software publisher to help users get a feel for it before deciding whether to buy the full version.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trial   (326 words)

  
 Witchcraft
Witchcraft as practiced by some Neopagans is, however, very similar to and supported by the findings of psychology.
If a man has laid a charge of witchcraft and has not justified it, he upon whom the witchcraft is laid shall go to the holy river; he shall plunge into the holy river and if the holy river overcome him, he who accused him shall take to himself his house.
Supposing that the belief in witchcraft were an idle superstition, it would be strange that the suggestion should nowhere be made that the evil of these practices only lay in the pretending to the possession of powers which did not really exist.
www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/w/wi/witchcraft.html   (326 words)

  
 Federal Court of Canada - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Decisions of the Trial Division could be appealed to the Appeal Division, and further appealed from the Appeal Division to the Supreme Court of Canada, after receiving leave, or permission, from the Supreme Court.
The Trial Division had jurisdiction to hear judicial review of decisions of federal boards and tribunals, including most immigration matters, as well as jurisdiction in admiralty, intellectual property, and disputes against the government (known as the Crown).
The Appeal Division had jurisdiction to hear appeals of decisions of the Trial Division, as well as to determine applications for judicial review of decisions made by specific boards and tribunals, set out in section 28 of the Federal Court Act.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Federal_Court_of_Canada   (789 words)

  
 Nuremberg Trials - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The legal basis for the trial was established by the 'London Charter', issued on August 8, 1945, which restricted the trial to "trial and punishment of the major war criminals of the European Axis countries".
The trials were held in the German city of Nuremberg from 1945 to 1949 at the Nuremberg Palace of Justice.
The trials were conducted under their own rules of evidence ; the indictments were created ex post facto and were not based on any nation's law; the tu quoque defense was removed; and the entire spirit of the assembly was " victor's justice ".
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuremberg_Trials   (789 words)

  
 "Jury Trial" Defined
Parties are entitled to a jury trial by the federal constitution in those types of cases, such as breach of contract, which existed in 1789, the effective date of the constitution.
In a jury trial, the jury is selected by the parties through a process called voir dire, where the judge or parties ask jurors questions in order to determine their biases and opinions.
The number of jurors is usually 12 in a criminal trial; the number varies from state to state in a civil trial.
www.lectlaw.com /def/j015.htm   (789 words)

  
 Trial article - Trial court jury trial Trial ordeal science experiment hypothesis - What-Means.com
In law, a trial is the presentation of information in a formal setting, usually a court, with the object of determining whether or not a person (or entity, such as a corporation) has broken a law.
In science, a trial is the result of a given run of a given experiment, with the usual object of testing a scientific hypothesis.
In probability mathematics, a trial is an action that results in one of a number of outcomes or elementary events.
www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Trial   (789 words)

  
 Bureau of Justice Statistics Civil Justice Statistics
Civil Trial Cases and Verdicts in Large Counties, 2001, 04/04.
Civil Trial Cases and Verdicts in Large Counties, 1996, 9/99.
The 1992 Civil Justice Survey of State Courts estimated that only 3% of 762,000 tort, contract and real property cases disposed of were resolved by jury (2%) or bench trial (1%).
www.ojp.usdoj.gov /bjs/civil.htm   (789 words)

  
 No. 02-0469
The trial court concluded that while Norma was equitably estopped from raising the issue of the child's paternity, estoppel did not bar Brendan from raising the issue of the child's paternity.
While the trial court may have used the incorrect vehicle in the law, the court clearly felt compelled by the evidence to declare that Randy, not Brendan, should be the child's father.
The trial court equitably estopped Norma from raising the issue of the child's paternity.
www.wisbar.org /res/capp/2002/02-0469.htm   (3349 words)

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