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	Newcomen steam engine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Newcomen engines were used throughout England and Europe to pump water out of mines starting in the early 18th century, and were the basis for James Watt's later improved versions.
		Newcomen's engine consisted of a boiler A, in which the steam was generated, and a cylinder B, in which a piston moved.
		In the Watt steam engine the cold water was held in a second container, attached to the steam cylinder via a pipe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Newcomen_engine (1113 words)

	Newcomen steam engine
		When the valve V was opened, the steam pushed up the piston P. At the top of the stroke, the valve V was closed, the valve V' was opened, and a jet of cold water from the tank C was injected into the cylinder, thus condensing the steam and reducing the pressure under the piston.
		Near the close of its career the atmospheric engine was much improved in its mechanical details by John Smeaton, who built many large engines of this type about the year 1770, just after the great step which was to make Newcomen's engine obsolete had been taken by James Watt.
		Compared with Savery's engine, Newcomen’s had (as a pumping engine) the great advantage that the intensity of pressure in the pumps was not in any way limited by the pressure of the steam.
	pedia.newsfilter.co.uk /wikipedia/n/ne/newcomen_steam_engine.html (523 words)

	steam engine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Thomas Newcomen's steam engine, invented in 1712, was the first practical steam engine and was used to power pumps in the tin mines of Cornwall and the coal mines of northern England.
		James Watt's steam engines, dating from 1769, were an improvement on that of Thomas Newcomen in that they had a separate condenser and permitted steam to be admitted alternately on either side of the piston.
		The first successful steam engine was built in 1712 by English inventor Thomas Newcomen at Dudley, West Midlands; it was developed further by Scottish instrument maker James Watt from 1769 and by English mining engineer Richard Trevithick, whose high-pressure steam engine of 1802 led to the development of the steam locomotive.
	tiscali-b2b.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0026134.html (587 words)

	Steam engine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Steam engine powered automobiles continued to compete with other motive systems into the early decades of the 20th century.
		However steam engines are less favored for automobiles, which are generally powered by internal combustion engines, because steam requires at least thirty seconds (in a flash boiler) or so to develop pressure.
		Most notably, without the use of a steam engine nuclear energy could not be harnessed for useful work, as a nuclear reactor does not directly generate either mechanical work or electrical energy - the reactor itself simply heats water.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/s/st/steam_engine.html (836 words)

	Steam_engine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A steam engine is a heat engine that makes use of the thermal energy that exists in steam, converting it to mechanical work.
		Land-based steam engines could exhaust much of their steam and be refilled from a fresh water tower, but at sea this was not possible.
		In practice, a steam engine exhausting the steam to atmosphere will have an efficiency (including the boiler) of 5% but with the addition of a condenser the efficiency is greatly improved to 25% or better.
	www.freecaviar.com /search.php?title=Steam_engine (2692 words)

	Newcomen steam engine -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Newcomen's engine consisted of a (Sealed vessel where water is converted to steam) boiler A, in which the steam was generated, and a (A surface generated by rotating a parallel line around a fixed line) cylinder B, in which a (Mechanical device that has a plunging or thrusting motion) piston moved.
		When the (Control consisting of a mechanical device for controlling the flow of a fluid) valve V was opened, the steam was pulled into the cylinder by the piston P, which was attached to weights via the rocking arm at the top.
		By 1725 the engine was in common use in (Click link for more info and facts about collieries) collieries, and it held its place without material change for about three-quarters of a century.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/n/ne/newcomen_steam_engine.htm (1105 words)

	Steam engines and pumping (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		However it was not until the invention of the steam engine that efficient pumps became available to deal with the water ingress to deep mines.
		The engine was described by it's inventor as a "fire" engine and not a "steam" engine.
		There were limitations to the Newcomen engine The areas of concern, which we see nowadays, were fires and their shape, the pressure which the boilers could stand, the inefficiency of the single stroke engine, the inefficiency of cooling and the excessive coal consumption.
	www.rhosybolbach.freeserve.co.uk /steam.htm (2279 words)

	Steam Engines of the Eighteenth Century - Thomas Newcomen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Thomas Newcomen who was born in 1663/4 at Dartmouth England was the inventor of the world’s first commercial steam engine.
		Many people give the credit for the invention of the steam engine to James Watt, but Thomas Newcomen set to work his first engine to drain the flood water from a coal mine in 1712, which was twenty four years before James Watt was born.
		This engine was powered by the pressure of the earth’s atmosphere pushing down onto the upper side of the piston, which was within a vertically positioned cylinder.
	www.btinternet.com /~historical.engines/newcomen.htm (311 words)

	steam engine on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Steam is admitted through one inlet valve, forcing the piston to move to the other end of the cylinder.
		A compounded steam engine has several cylinders, which the steam passes through successively until, leaving the last cylinder, it is condensed into water and returned to the boiler.
		The steam engine from the USS Monitor, a Civil War ship is salvaged by crews from the Navy and NOAA about 16 miles off the coast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/s1/steameng.asp (1003 words)

	Newcomen Steam Engine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		From the perspective of the 21st century the steam engine invented by Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729) of Darmouth seems pathetically primitive, particularly after its replacement with the steam engine of James Watt.
		The Savery steam engine could not be improved to solve the problem of water pumping.
		Newcomen was a merchant, an iron monger who dealt in metal parts and bulk iron.
	www.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/newcomen5.htm (594 words)

	BBC - History - Thomas Newcomen (1663 - 1729)
		Contemporary engines worked by using condensed steam to make a vacuum, but whereas Thomas Savery's pump had just used the vacuum to pull the water up, Newcomen created his vacuum inside a cylinder and used it to pull down a piston.
		The engines were rugged and reliable and worked day and night, but were less than one per cent efficient, used a lot of coal, and consequently were first installed in coalmines.
		In 1714 Newcomen engines were extremely expensive, costing around £1 000, but nevertheless were phenomenally successful and were manufactured for more than a hundred years.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/historic_figures/newcomen_thomas.shtml (395 words)

	Thomas Newcomen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Newcomen was not born in Stoke-on-Trent but his steam engine was installed in John Turners potworks in 1775.
		Newcomen attempted to produce a reliable steam engine, and in 1705 he devised an engine with another English inventor, John Calley, also known as John Cawley.
		Watt's engine, patented in 1769, greatly increased the economy of the Newcomen machine by avoiding the loss of steam that occurred in alternate heating and cooling of the engine cylinder.
	www.thepotteries.org /biographies/newcomen.htm (177 words)

	Articles - James Watt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		He realised that the Newcomen steam engine was wasting nearly three quarters of the steam energy in heating the piston and chamber.
		Further refinements (insulation of the steam cylinder, the double-acting engine, a counter, an indicator, and a throttle valve) made the steam engine his life's work.
		Watt was opposed to the use of high pressure steam, and is held by some to have held back the technical development of the steam engine by other engineers, until his patents expired in 1800.
	www.worldhammock.com /articles/James_Watt (806 words)

	The Pre-natal History of the Steam Engine - excerpt from the Newcomen Society's Transactions
		The paper entitled "The Pre-natal History of the Steam Engine" by Dr Joseph Needham is published in Transactions of the Newcomen Society, 1962-63 Vol 35.
		In this paper the author proposes that many of the vital components of Newcomen's steam engine were anticipated by others, very many centuries earlier, and in quite different parts of the world.
		The author concludes: "If Newcomen's work is taken as the turning point, the hidden pre-natal history of the reciprocating steam-engine played a remarkably large part in its 'post-natal' history.
	www.newcomen.com /excerpts/prenatal.htm (379 words)

	Inventor James Watt Biography
		Watt determined the properties of steam, especially the relation of its density to its temperature and pressure, and designed a separate condensing chamber for the steam engine that prevented enormous losses of steam in the cylinder and enhanced the vacuum conditions.
		The misconception that Watt was the actual inventor of the steam engine arose from the fundamental nature of his contributions to its development.
		It follows the development of reciprocating steam engines, from their earliest forms to the beginning of the twentieth century when they were replaced by steam turbines.
	www.ideafinder.com /history/inventors/watt.htm (1330 words)

	Thomas Newcomen's Steam Engine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Newcomen Steam engine is one of the most interesting pieces of technology developed during the 1700's.
		This engine is called "atmospheric engines" because the steam was under only slight pressure.
		Steam is first admitted from the boiler to the cylinder.
	departments.weber.edu /physics/carroll/Xhonors/Newcomen.htm (131 words)

	ipedia.com: Steam engine Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Steam engines were used in pumps, locomotive trains and steam...
		Further improvements in efficiency came with the use of pressurized steam, but with this came much danger and many disasters due to exploding boilers and machinery.
		This construction is typical of early maritime installations for boats and the boilers of steam locomotives.
	www.ipedia.com /steam_engine.html (1080 words)

	The Newcomen steam engine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Thomas Newcomen was a famous engineer from Dartmouth.
		He built a steam engine to pump water from the Cornish tin mines.
		His engines were also used in the 18th century to increase the supply of drinking water.
	www.dcs.exeter.ac.uk /water/newcomen.htm (37 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Steam Engines Work"
		Steam engines were the first engine type to see widespread use.
		They were first invented by Thomas Newcomen in 1705, and James Watt (who we remember each time we talk about "60-watt light bulbs" and the such) made big improvements to steam engines in 1769.
		Steam engines powered all early locomotives, steam boats and factories, and therefore acted as the foundation of the Industrial Revolution.
	www.howstuffworks.com /steam.htm (75 words)

	A Stroke of Genius: Watt Creates His New Steam Engine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		During the repair however, Watt found many areas of the engine's design that he believed could be improved upon, specifically the amount of energy it wasted.
		Under the Newcomen design, a jet of cold water was used to condense the steam in the engine.
		Watt began inventing a design for his engine, developing a separate condensing chamber where the water would not be able to cool off other parts of the engine.
	helios.acomp.usf.edu /~gabecker/condenser.html (299 words)

	James Watt -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The truth is that Watt did not invent the steam engine; however, he made major improvements on the inefficient steam engine of his time.
		James Watt, for example, could devise a rotary steam engine only because there was a long series of inventions before it, including the crank, gear, wheel, lathe, thermometer, strong cast iron, a knowledge of heat, evaporation, and condensation, and a method of measuring the...
		The steam engine developed by James Watt in the 1760s was a low-pressure type that was inadequate for really heavy work.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9076296 (699 words)

	Steam engines - from the Newcomen Society's Transactions
		A Proposal to erect an Atmospheric Steam Engine in Sweden in 1725
		The Introduction of the Newcomen Engine from 1700 to 1733
		Steam and The City: The Committee of the Proprietors of the Invention for Raising Water by Fire, 1715 - 1735
	www.newcomen.com /transactions/steam.htm (733 words)

	Steam Engines Plans newcomen steam engine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		When you are on the lookout for top-quality information relating to newcomen steam engine, it will be hard extricating the best information from ill-equiped newcomen steam engine proposals and directions so it's astute to know how to qualify the information you are given.
		An interesting tip to pursue when you are presented with information and advice about a newcomen steam engine article is to research who is behind the website.
		This may reveal the operators newcomen steam engine authorizations The fastest way to determine who owns the newcomen steam engine website is to look on the 'contact' page or 'about this site' information.
	www.steam-engines-plans.info /newcomen-steam-engine.htm (230 words)

	Literary Encyclopedia: Watt's Steam Engine patented (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In 1764 he was asked to repair a working model of the Newcomen steam engine (invented 1704) and it dawned on him that the engine was made very inefficient by its cooling of the main cylinder in order to create the necessary vacuum to pull the piston up again after the down-stroke.
		Watt’s improvements made the steam engine into a viable source of power for industries that had until then relied on water power, notably corn mills, malt mills and cotton mills.
		Watt’s improvements to the steam engine were to prove crucial to the development of steam locomotives by George Stephenson and others in the 1810s and 1820s.
	www.litencyc.com /php/stopics.php?rec=true&UID=1184 (452 words)

	Sussex Steam for Model Steam Engine Kits. Beam, Mill and Newcomen Steam Engines.
		This kit is for a working model of the famous Newcomen atmospheric steam engine which was the first engine to be used commercially to pump water from mines.
		The engines power came from the weight of the pump rods raising the piston to the top of its stroke, the cylinder being filled with steam and then water sprayed into the cylinder to condense the steam to cause a vacuum.
		It is not an accurate scale model of the original engine but serves to demonstrate the main features of an early Newcomen automatic engine with a water pump.
	home.fastnet.co.uk /jw/Newcomen.html (387 words)

	The Steam Engine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The way this engine was currently designed, a jet of cold water was used to condense the steam in the engine.
		Another problem with this engine was the heating of the cylinder which was solved easily by spraying a coolant inside it.
		He added a separate condensing chamber in which the steam could be condensed without cooling the rest of the engine.
	helios.acomp.usf.edu /~jlprice2/page2.html (391 words)

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