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Topic: Newfoundland French

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Newfoundland and Labrador

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	Newfoundland - LoveToKnow 1911
		By the census of 1901 the total population of Newfoundland was 217,037, that of Labrador being 3947.
		In the meantime the chagrin of the French Foreign Office at the failure of the Ford-Pennell negotiations, and the hostile attitude taken up by the Newfoundlanders in what they deemed to be the conservation of their interests, induced M. de Freycinet to devise retaliatory measures.
		Nor were other opportunities soon wanting to the French to retort severely upon the Newfoundland authorities for their passage of the Bait Act, as well as to repair in large measure the injury which that act promised to inflict upon the French industry.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Newfoundland (9571 words)

	The French Treaty Shore: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage
		French fishermen returned to the Treaty Shore (and to St. Pierre and Miquelon) at the end of the war.
		French and British naval squadrons on the Shore received an increasing number of complaints from their nationals, and there were several rounds of negotiations involving France, Britain and Newfoundland which attempted in vain to find a diplomatic solution satisfactory to all parties.
		The route of the Newfoundland Railway was influenced by the Shore's existence, as was the decision to build the first newsprint mill at Grand Falls, and not on the west coast.
	www.heritage.nf.ca /exploration/french_shore.html (1169 words)

	French Shore
		Anglo-French rivalry in Newfoundland began in the 1500s, intensified in the 1600s over the establishment of fishing stations and colonies, and was ultimately decided by European wars.
		The Treaty of PARIS, 1783 altered the French Shore boundaries to the coast between Cape St John on the west side of Notre Dame Bay, around the Great Northern Peninsula, and southward along the entire west coast of Newfoundland to Cape Ray, northwest of CHANNEL-PORT AUX BASQUES.
		Between 1815 and 1904 the French Shore ceased to be a wholly Anglo-French issue as Newfoundland gained representative (1832) and responsible (1855) government and began to challenge France's claim to exclusive use of the shore.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&TCE_Version=A&ArticleId=A0003065&mState=1 (266 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The island of Newfoundland is separated from the Labrador Peninsula by the Strait of Belle Isle and from Cape Breton Island by the Cabot Strait.
		The inhabitants of Newfoundland speak a dialect of English known as Newfoundland English and a dialect of French known as Newfoundland French.
		Newfoundland had lost about one-quarter of its young men in WWI and it has been suggested that this loss of so many men, proportionally speaking, in the prime of their lives contributed to the economic collapse that was to ultimately influence confederation with Canada.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Newfoundland (3329 words)

	Snapshot, Canada: Newfoundland
		Newfoundland and Labrador (French, Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador, Irish: Talamh an Éisc, Latin: Terra Nova) was the tenth province to join the Canadian confederation.
		Newfoundland French is near extinction as is Newfoundland Irish.
		Newfoundland received a colonial assembly in 1832, which was and still is referred to as the House of Assembly, after a fight led by reformers William Carson, Patrick Morris and John Kent.
	www.sheppardsoftware.com /canadaweb/snapshot/Snapshot-Canada5.htm (847 words)

	Newfoundland and Labrador
		Newfoundland, the youngest of the Canadian provinces, joined Confederation at midnight on 31 March 1949.
		Tenth-century Viking explorers from Iceland and GREENLAND saw Labrador and settled briefly in the north part of the Island of Newfoundland.
		In the late 15th century the GRAND BANKS southeast of Newfoundland were known to BASQUE, French and Portuguese fishermen.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0005714 (365 words)

	French Presence in Newfoundland: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage
		Although it is conventional wisdom that Newfoundland was "England's oldest colony" (a claim based both on John Cabot's voyage in 1497 and Sir Humphrey Gilbert's claim in 1583), it is also a fact that from the very beginning, France was an important participant in the exploration and exploitation of Newfoundland.
		Yet by the middle of the next century, French settlement in Newfoundland had disappeared, the French fishermen were restricted to certain parts of the Newfoundland coast, and the English were firmly in control of the island.
		Though trade between the French and the inhabitants was forbidden by the provisions of the French Shore treaties, in fact French traders regularly provided locals with provisions and fishing gear in exchange for lumber and bait.
	www.heritage.nf.ca /exploration/f_presence.html (1158 words)

	NFLD History War
		The French colony of Plaisance was protected by fortifications and a garrison; their military history and social and economic impact are discussed in Jean-Pierre Proulx, "The Military History of Placentia: A Study of the French Fortifications" in his Placentia, Newfoundland (Ottawa: Parks Canada, 1979).
		The French raid on the fisheries in 1762 has received particular treatment, of which the article by Maj. Evan Fyers on "The Loss and Recapture of St. John's, Newfoundland in 1762," Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research XI (1932): 179-215 is an excellent narrative, though it offers little strategic analysis.
		Newfoundland was briefly threatened by a French expedition in 1796, an exceptional event that provides the backdrop to Ged Martin’s examination of "Newfoundland at the Time of the French Attack of 1796," Newfoundland Quarterly LXXI: 1 (Christmas 1974): 17-20.
	www.swgc.mun.ca /nfld_history/nfld_history_war.htm (3201 words)

	Newfoundland at Animal Gifts Galore
		Newfoundland (French: Terre-Neuve; Irish: Talamh an Ãisc; Latin: Terra Nova) is a large island off the northeast coast of North America, and the most populous part of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.
		Newfoundland is separated from the Labrador Peninsula by the Strait of Belle Isle and from Cape Breton Island by the Cabot Strait.
		Newfoundland has a dialect of English known as Newfoundland English, a dialect of French known as Newfoundland French and a dialect of Irish known as Newfoundland Irish.
	animalgiftsgalore.com /newfoundland.htm (487 words)

	Review of the Literature
		The educational enrolments are reflective of the demographic statistics since, according to the 1991 census, the 2,400 francophones in Newfoundland and Labrador represent only.O4% of the population of the province (Canada,1992).
		Some of the essential aims of the French school in Newfoundland are to: timulate and strengthen the learner's sense of cultural and linguistic identity as a francophone; serve as a cultural centre for the French Newfoundland community; reinforce the learner's sense of belonging to the immediate francophone community.
		One of the aims is to reinforce and strengthen the linguistic and cultural identity of francophones in Newfoundland.
	www.stemnet.nf.ca /~elmurphy/emurphy/minority.html (4149 words)

	Chapter 13 - La Francophonie, Environmental Scan: Access to Justice in Both Official Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Newfoundland and Labrador Provincial Court Act, 1991[105] establishes the Provincial Court of Newfoundland and Labrador.
		Francophones in Newfoundland and Labrador are concentrated in three principal centres: the Port au Port Peninsula, St. John's and its surrounding areas, and Labrador.
		As in British Columbia and the three territories, access to justice in French in Newfoundland and Labrador is in its embryonic stages, and the province is in compliance with the minimum requirements of the Supreme Court of Canada.
	canada.justice.gc.ca /en/ps/franc/enviro/chapter13.html (1645 words)

	French Language Information Portal @ FrenchBasics.com (French Basics) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		French (frencisc: [fʁɑ̃ˈsɛ]) is a Frankish spoken originally in live, French pronouns, and Germanic, and today by about 175 million people around the world as a 1.4 Regional varieties or fluent second language,
		African Union mandates the use of French in official government publications, public French slang outside of specific cases (though these dispositions are often ignored) and legal family; American must bear a translation of foreign words.
		Contrary to a common Dictionary both in the French grammar and Clusty AltaVista, France does not prohibit the use of foreign words in International Court of Justice nor in any other private publication, as that would violate the IHO right of Congrès de la Culture Francaise en Floride.
	www.frenchbasics.com (1363 words)

	FAQ English
		French is the mother tongue of at least one of the parents;
		The Core French program is offered from Grande 4 at 10% of the regular class time: it is a French second language course allowing young Anglophones to learn the basic elements of the French language.
		According to a 1996 study by Statistics Canada, 80% of pre-school age children eligible for French education in Newfoundland and Labrador come from exogamous couples, which are couples formed of spouses who come from different cultural and language groups.
	www.cdli.ca /csfp/faq_english.html (544 words)

	Port au Port Peninsula travel guide - Wikitravel
		While not officially on the peninsula, the larger community of Stephenville is often associated with the peninsula as part of the Port au Port area.
		Newfoundland French is distinct from other Canadian French dialects including Quebec French and Acadian French, and is generally found in the Port au Port Peninsula.
		Keep in mind that roads in Newfoundland and Labrador are among the worst in Canada, so you will frequently need to watch out for potholes and heaved pavement.
	wikitravel.org /en/Port_au_Port_Peninsula (761 words)

	Newfoundland Dog Breed
		An adult Newfoundland can be fed a normal diet, but this should be carefully monitored in terms of potions as excess weight gain to add to the risk of heart disease.
		The Newfoundland does not have a very long life expectancy compared to some other breeds, and the average lifespan of a healthy Newfoundland is around ten years or less.
		The original Newfoundlands were bred to hunt and guard, but they soon became popular with fishermen who found them very useful in and around water.
	www.kingdomofpets.com /dogobediencetraining/dogbreeds/newfoundland.php (1807 words)

	History of Newfoundland Cod Fishery.
		he Spanish, Portuguese and French, concentrated on fishing on the Banks off Newfoundland where fish could always be found; the catch was salted on board the ships and brought back to Europe to be dried and sold.
		Thereafter, the Newfoundland cod fishery was shared, seasonally every summer, by the English and French - with the latter concentrating on the Grand Banks, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and on Newfoundland's south coast.
		(In addition, the Scots, French and Micmacs established communities.) The fishing ships were gradually replaced by trading ships, which came to exchange goods for fish and, in order to maintain a supply of goods, warehouses and mercantile establishments were erected.
	www.stemnet.nf.ca /cod/history5.htm (649 words)

	Placentia Newfoundland
		In the early seventeenth century, France actively encouraged the settlement of Quebec, Newfoundland and the Maritimes.
		Governors were appointed and French settlements and fortifications were established in Quebec, Newfoundland, Acadia and Cape Breton.
		The French Governor of Newfoundland sent out small bands of French and Indian soldiers to pillage and destroy English settlements.
	www.infonet.st-johns.nf.ca /providers/green/placentia.html (563 words)

	The Mysterious
		The well protected harbour of Fleur De Lys, the most northerly community on Newfoundland's Baie Verte Peninsula, was first established as a French fishing station near the prolific grounds called Petite Nord.
		Fleur De Lys, as one of forty French fishing stations along Newfoundland's French shore, rose in prominence.
		Between 1800 and 1850, a growing need to protect the interests of the French fishery year round was met in the hiring of gardiens for Fleur de Lys.
	www.mysteriesofcanada.com /Newfoundland/springheel_jack.htm (1141 words)

	What's New at PANL - Provincial Archives of Newfoundland and Labrador
		It highlights the economic importance of Newfoundland’s French Shore to France, and views the French Shore in the context of Newfoundland's cultural transformation and the formation of a unique national identity in the 19th century.
		This exhibition will raise the profile of the importance of the French influence in Newfoundland and Labrador generally, and will be valuable in pointing tourists and residents alike to the cultural and natural features of the communities on the former French Shore, which will have their own activities and projects in 2004.
		In partnership with Société 2004 Society, the Association of Newfoundland and Labrador Archives, a traveling exhibit will be created as a version of the main exhibition.
	www.tcr.gov.nl.ca /panl/french_exhibit.html (404 words)

	French
		Variation in the spoken French of immersion students: To ne or not to ne, that is the sociolinguistic question.
		Thomas, G. The French Spoken on the Port-au-Port Peninsula of Newfoundland.
		Péronnet, L. “ The situation of French language in Acadia ” in Acadia of the Maritimes.
	www.unh.edu /linguistics/courses/790CS/CS_readings/French_readings.htm (2533 words)

	Atlantic Provinces travel guide - Wikitravel
		Historically, Acadia (in French Acadie) was the name given by the French to a territory in northeastern North America, including parts of eastern Quebec, the Atlantic Provinces of Canada and modern-day New England stretching as far south as Philadelphia.
		Acadian French (le français acadien) is a dialect of French spoken by the Acadians in the Canadian Maritimes provinces.
		Newfoundland Irish is a dialect of the Irish language specific to the island of Newfoundland and widely spoken until the mid-20th century.
	wikitravel.org /en/Atlantic_Provinces (1300 words)

	About the Retriever - History
		Supposedly, fisherman off the coast of Newfoundland wanted to scale down the large size of their Newfoundlands, but still wanted to keep the characteristics that made the dog so great- such as being a good retriever for anything that was needed, a dense, almost waterproof coat and a hard worker.
		The Dorset Eskimos, as the original settlers of Newfoundland, left no record of having dogs, as was the same as the Beothuck Indians, who were the next people to live in Newfoundland.
		The dog brought with the Devon men was probably the French St. Hubert's dog, which is thought of as the ancestor to the Labrador.
	www.huntingnet.com /staticpages/staticpage_detail.aspx?id=298 (920 words)

	STAR Project announcements
		These rights derived from the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), and during the course of the 19th century were the cause of serious disagreements between the governments of Britain, France and Newfoundland.
		Newfoundlanders had long resented the French presence on their coasts, and the entente was greeted in the colony with considerable enthusiasm.
		Melanie Martin at the Newfoundland Historical Society at (709) 722-3191, or e-mail at nhs@thezone.nete-mail
	www.star.ac.uk /Events/announce/144.html (735 words)

	Settlement of the French Shore issue in Newfoundland (1904) - Newfoundland Fisheries French Shore
		Mother-land and destroying the only objection suggested in Canada against Newfoundland entering Confederation at some future time, this diplomatic achievement of Lord Lansdowne's was most important to British interests in North America.
		Lyttelton, Secretary of State for the Colonies, advised the Governor of Newfoundland as to the Treaty and its terms and concluded as follows:
		He urged the holding of public meetings and the expression of popular satisfaction at the action and policy of His Majesty's Government.
	www2.marianopolis.edu /nfldhistory/1904FrenchShoreNewfoundland.htm (618 words)

	List of members
		* the written language in French - if the spoken language is part of everyone's daily life, the same is not true of the written language.
		Newfoundland as a place or Newfoundlanders as a people in the nineteenth
		* the French sedentary fishery to the northeast coast of Newfoundland, (le Petit Nord) particularly to the harbours between Englee and Fichot Island.
	www.mun.ca /gref/members.html (714 words)

	LP Recordings of Traditional Newfoundland Music
		Their conscious attempt to keep their style traditional is in part explained by the more conservative nature of the "expatriate" Newfoundlander who is more likely to want to hear songs that remind him of his outport days — i.e., songs that evoke nostalgia for the homeland — than would a continuous resident of the island.
		The Newfoundland Showband is more a blend of country and western and traditional Newfoundland music, with such songs as "Bed of Roses" and "I's the B'y" sharing the same LP.
		In the liner notes to his album, Pinsent says, "The sound of Newfoundland folk song deserves to be included in the master sound of folk songs everywhere." Pinsent's performing style, as heard on his album ROOTS, Arc ACS-5027, is consciously stereotypic of traditional Newfoundland singing.
	cjtm.icaap.org /content/2/v2art8.html (2573 words)

	The French Ancestors Route
		Red Island was used as a fishing station by the Basques in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and then by French fishermen from St. Pierre, Brittany and the Acadian communities in Nova Scotia until early this century.
		Mainland was settled by emigrants from France and runaways from the French navy who found their way to this and other tiny hamlets on the peninsula.
		Residents of Port au Port, which is located on the narrowest part of the isthmus, enjoy the luxury of being able to fish in both Port au Port Bay and St.
	www.explorenewfoundlandandlabrador.com /scenic-routes-western-region/the-french-ancestors-route.htm (921 words)

	Circumnavigate Newfoundland - G.A.P Adventures
		The warmth, wit and hospitality of her people, the soul stirring music and the rough beauty of her shores draw us here year after year, each time with new surprises and delights to greet us along the way.
		Characterized by tuckamore and evergreen forest, this geologically striking part of Newfoundland is rarely visited, making it one of the most pristine and unspoiled terrain anywhere.
		The Grand Codroy Estuary is one of Newfoundland’s finest estuarine wetlands with inter-tidal sandbars, mudflats and islands.
	www.gapadventures.com /tour/XVCNN (654 words)

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