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Topic: Newgate Prison

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	Timelines Genealogy Newgate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Newgate Prison, located in London, was probably the most notorious prison in all England.
		The prison itself was originally above the gate or in the gatehouse.
		It has been argued that Newgate was one of the original four, and conversely, that it was indeed a "new" gate, being the fifth to provide entry to the city.
	www.fred.net /jefalvey/newgate.html (367 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - Life Inside Newgate Prison, London, UK
		Because prisons were privately run, any time spent in prison had to be paid for by the prisoner; gaoler in those times was a lucrative position, and one that had to be paid for.
		Prisoners were also housed according to their ability to pay, ranging from a private cell with a cleaning woman and a visiting prostitute, to simply lying on the floor with no cover and barely any clothes.
		Gathered around their coffins, the prisoners would listen to a lengthy sermon on the Sunday before they were taken to the Tyburn tree, with the fee-paying public in the gallery.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A987861 (1584 words)

	ludgatecircus.com - Newgate
		Apparently the prison staff supplemented their wages by selling of spirits and candles, food and water, and from requiring the prisoners to pay fees for a variety of privileges such as being released from irons and being allowed near the fire.
		Newgate was described by Henry Fielding as a "prototype of hell".
		The prison was rebuilt in 1780-3 and the new structure admitted Lord George Gordon who was held responsible for the riots and who died there in 1793 as a result of gaol fever.
	www.ludgatecircus.com /newgate.htm (1083 words)

	Pentonville prison
		It had separate cells for 860 prisoners and proved satisfactory, (to the authorities at least), thus commencing a programme of prison building to deal with the rapid increase in prisoner numbers occasioned by the ending of capital punishment for many crimes and a steady reduction in the use of transportation.
		In the 1920's, to save the prisoner having to walk the 25 yards to the gallows, a new execution facility was provided within the prison, comprising a stack of 3 rooms in the middle of one of the wings.
		The prison engineer was responsible for training new recruits and after they had had their medical and interview with the governor, he took them straight to the execution chamber where he showed them round and explained the equipment.
	www.richard.clark32.btinternet.co.uk /penton.html (5198 words)

	Newgate Prison in London 1819
		This prison derives its name from the gate which, till within these few years, formed a part of it, and stood a little beyond the Sessions House in the Old Bailey.
		They have had difficulty in procuring a sufficiency of work, the prisoners are not so disposed to labour, flattering themselves with the prospect of speedy release; besides, they are necessarily engaged, in some degree, in preparations for their trial.
		The result of the observations of the ladies has been, that where the prisoners, from whatever cause, did no work, they derived little, if any moral advantage; where they did some work, they received some benefit; and where they were fully engaged, they were really and essentially improved.
	www.londonancestor.com /leighs/pri-newgate.htm (1656 words)

	Newgate Prison
		Newgate, which, with the Old Bailey, may be taken as the obstructive barrier between the two great arterial thoroughfares, ought to have been carted out of the public way half a century ago.Common-sense, at this time of day, might have suggested a "clean sweep" to give more elbow-room to the public.
		In 1857, when the interior of Newgate was reconstructed at an outlay of between £12,000 and £15,000, loud were the cries against either the expenditure of the money, or the continuance of the prison.
		Newgate has been a prison since the 13th century, and the time has come when it ought to be removed for the purpose of public convenience.
	www.institutions.org.uk /prisons/England/LDN/newgate_prison.htm (805 words)

	Red Newgate: Her Majesty's Prison Syrtis Lapis. A Colonial Prison for Space: 1889
		From 8:00 AM until 1:00 PM the prisoners are put to work, either cleaning part of the prison, or at make-work tasks such as digging a mountain of sand in one place, moving it to another place, and then being ordered to transport it to it original position.
		During this time, prisoners will be subjected to random personal searches (their cells having been searched during the morning labour period), they will be permitted to report to the Prison Doctor for medical attention, receive visits from family and friends (though such visits are strictly monitored), or other personal activities.
		His hard, bullying manner with the prisoners is looked upon as a positive trait by his superiors, and have resulted in his elevation to one of the three Watch Commander positions amongst the guards, though in truth Peach is simply a bully.
	www.heliograph.com /trmgs/trmgs4/rednewgate.shtml (2535 words)

	Victorian London - Prisons and Penal System - Prisons - Newgate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		On both sides of the gaol, is a small receiving-room, to which prisoners are conducted on their first reception, and whence they cannot be removed until they have been examined by the surgeon of the prison.
		Newgate is the common gaol for London and Westminster, and is under the jurisdiction of the Lord Mayor, Court of Aldermen, and Sheriffs.
		A prison appertaining to the city of London and county of Middlesex, formerly for felons and debtors; since 1815 (when Whitecross-street Prison was built) for felons only, and is now used as the gaol for the confinement of prisoners from the metropolitan counties, preparatory to their trial at the Central Criminal Court adjoining.
	www.victorianlondon.org /prisons/newgate.htm (6381 words)

	Evolution of NY's Prison System
		Prisoners were not even al1owed to communicate with their families, except through the prison chaplain.
		Prisoners were not in a state of grace with society, and their condition was made as graceless as possible, lest they forget their corrupt condition.
		As the prisoners moved, they were not permitted to hold heir heads up, as would befit free men, and their shameful pose with their heads turned to the right and their eyes cast to the floor kept them ever mindful of their low estate and the wickedness that had brought them there.
	www.correctionhistory.org /html/chronicl/state/html/nyprisons.html (2046 words)

	Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street -- The Crime Library - The Crime library
		Newgate Prison was a bleak, forbidding place on London's west side; its location is now the site of the Criminal Courts building, known as Old Bailey.
		The prison was rife with corruption, and only those convicts who had access to money could count on any humanitarian gestures on the part of their jailers.
		It was necessary for the orphan to find some means of support in the prison, for convicts were required to pay bribes to their guards for even the simplest necessities.
	www.crimelibrary.com /serial_killers/weird/todd/newgate_4.html (1053 words)

	Prisions
		The crimes were the focal point of interest, not the prison stay, in judging a man. The language and conditions of the prison were familiar to any pedestrian since the jails were not segregated from the public.
		Newgate Prison is one of the most infamous prisons of English history.
		The prison was built at Newgate in 1188 on the orders of Henry I, and was significantly enlarged in 1236.
	www.tudorplace.com.ar /Documents/Prisons.htm (869 words)

	Newgate Prison (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Though it was technically a local prison under the control of the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of London, it held a special position because it was not only the place of detention for all those awaiting trial at the neighboring court, but also a sort of holding pen for those awaiting execution.
		Newgate was notorious for its overcrowding, unhealthy environment (lack of air and water, and epidemics).
		It is because of these writings that Newgate Prison has become the most well-documented prison of eighteenth-century England, allowing modern scholars to understand the system of justice during the time.
	www.umich.edu /~ece/student_projects/bonifield/newgatepic.html (251 words)

	The victorian penal system.
		Many prisoners were driven to insanity because of the tasks they were compelled to carry out, and the endless solitude, alone in a cell, turning the ‘crank’ handle from morning till night.
		It was London’s main prison, and as well as housing debtors and criminals, it was the last port of call for all prisoners under sentence of death.
		In the general prison area, men sat idle in front of the fire, paced up and down, or stared out of the window wishing they were on the outside.
	barryoneoff.co.uk /html/prisons.html (1843 words)

	Newgate - Defined
		"Newgate" refers to Newgate Prison, with which the crimes are associated, while the word "calender," in this context, simply means a list or record.
		The attempts to stigmatize readers of trash journalism such as the Newgate Calendar stories as "low-brow" suggests that the critics might have felt anxiety that their own attraction to the writing exposed an inherent baseness in themselves.
		Some of the genres that are indebted to the works of The Newgate Calendar include the gothic, the sensation novel, stories in the Penny Dreadful magazines, detective fiction, and of course the Newgate novel.
	www.ryerson.ca /~denisoff/newgate-defined.html (663 words)

	Old Newgate Prison
		Newgate ceased operating as a prison in 1827 and re-opened as mine at that time.
		Old Newgate Prison is one of the leading tourist attractions in Connecticut.
		Newgate is owned and administered by the State of Connecticut.
	www.eastgranby.com /HistoricalSociety/newgateprison2.htm (174 words)

	Newgate Prison
		Hidden away behind Amen Corner is this old relic from Newgate Prison, part of the east wall that still survives today.
		Newgate Prison where many of the most notorious convicts of all time were publicly hung.
		In the first half of the 19th century Newgate Prison was London's chief prison and was where prisoners were held before execution.
	knowledgeoflondon.com /newgate.html (223 words)

	Newgate Prison
		The original prison at Newgate was built in 1188 but was rebuilt in 1770.
		Newgate obtained its name from being erected several hundred years after four original gates of the city and was the common goal for felons taken in the city of London.
		I have lately been twice to Newgate to see after the poor prisoners who had poor little infants without clothing, or with very little and I think if you saw how small a piece of bread they are each allowed a day you would be very sorry.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /LONnewgate.htm (450 words)

	Elizabeth Fry
		Although prison reform was her main concern she also campaigned for the homeless in London and improvements in the way patients were treated in mental asylums.
		I have lately been occupied in forming a school in Newgate for the children of the poor prisoners as well as the young criminals, which has brought much peace and satisfaction with it; but my mind has also been deeply affected in attending a poor woman who was executed this morning.
		Newgate Prison and myself are becoming quite a show, which is a very serious thing.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /REfry.htm (2609 words)

	Dickens' London Map
		Fleet Prison (Map: C-8) - The oldest of London's prisons, built in 1197 on the bank of the Fleet river.
		Newgate Prison (Map: C-9) - Notorious London prison originally built at the new gate in the Medieval city's wall.
		Hugh, Dennis, and Barnaby are imprisoned at Newgate in cells refitted after the prison was burned in the riots (Barnaby Rudge).
	charlesdickenspage.com /dickens_london_map.html (6289 words)

	Student Activity 4 for Great Expectations
		Ironically, it was a prison that so darkly greeted Pip when he first arrived in London and which loomed before him throughout his time as a gentleman.
		Elizabeth Fry is a woman who visited Newgate Prison with the intent to reform the prison system.
		Prisons over two Centuries will provide you with a nice history of prison reform from 1782-1972.
	www.sdcoe.k12.ca.us /score/expect/expectsg4.html (559 words)

	AmericanHeritage.com / stone walls do not a prison make
		At the time, the confinement of the prisoners was so essential to the welfare of the country that the guard was increased to twenty-four privates under a corporal, a sergeant, and a lieutenant.
		Several prisoners were severely gashed by their own comrades during the scuffle in the dark, but by midnight every convict able to travel was over the hill.
		In 1790 it was formally constituted the permanent state prison; new workshops for the convicts and a comfortable brick dormitory for the guards were added, and the half-acre yard was enclosed in a sturdy log palisade topped with spikes.
	www.americanheritage.com /articles/magazine/ah/1967/2/1967_2_40.shtml (5300 words)

	Newgate Narratives published by Pickering & Chatto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This body of Newgate literature has long been out of print but it was widely known by all classes of readers in its time and was the context for the crime literature of Dickens, Dostoevsky, Dumas, Hugo and Zola.
		Newgate Narratives will be essential to those studying Literature, Romantic and Victorian popular culture, Dickens Studies and the History of Criminology.
		These popular stage versions of best-selling chapbooks and Newgate novels were written by some of the most active and skilful dramatists of the age.
	www.pickeringchatto.com /newgate.htm (639 words)

	Literary Encyclopedia: Newgate Prison
		Newgate was completely destroyed by the Great Fire of 1666, and once more it was restored.
		It was not at that stage, however, so much a prison as a holding place for those awaiting trial at the Old Bailey, although a prisoner could remain waiting for years.
		The building was designed to hold about one hundred and fifty prisoners, but the actual population usually exceeded this figure by at least another hundred, all crammed together whether awaiting trial or already convicted.
	www.litencyc.com /php/stopics.php?rec=true&UID=772 (572 words)

	Journey from Newgate to Tyburn
		The prisoners were taken to the condemned room at Newgate prison to have their shackles removed and their hands tied, before being placed on the back of the horse-drawn cart that would take them on their final journey.
		Others were concentrating on the words being spoken by the Ordinary (or clergyman) of Newgate and were too scared to speak; they still had a vivid picture in their mind of his Sunday night sermon to them and the fl coffin that always stood next to him on those occasions.
		The prisoners, who were finally blindfolded, sometimes had a hood put over their head and had their arms tied behind their backs before they were strung up.
	www.oldbaileyonline.org /schools/journey.html (1355 words)

	The History of Sing Sing Prison -- by the Half Moon Press
		The first New York State prison was Newgate, built in Greenwich Village in 1797.
		According to the New York Express, April 13, 1841, "In 1823 the solitary system of imprisonment was abandoned at the Auburn prison, and was succeeded in 1824 by the present system of shutting up the convicts in separate cells by night, and compelling them to labor diligently during the day.
		With the turn of the twentieth century, prison reform made dramatic changes in the way prisoners were treated.
	www.hudsonriver.com /halfmoonpress/stories/0500sing.htm (1343 words)

	Scenes at the Gallows
		The streeet robbers under sentence of death in Newgate behave rudely in the cells, uttering the most dreadful oaths and imprecations that can be express’d, sometimes impiously singing the Psalms to ballad tunes, and at other times cursing the Keepers for not carrying them oftner to the Chapel.
		Yesterday a Court of Common-Council was held at Guildhall; when it was resolved, that, for the future, the place of Keeper of Newgate should be at the disposal of the L. Mayor and Court of Aldermen; and that to be held during pleasure; and in consideration of the fees due to the R. Hon.
		To strip a man in any prison for his garnish, is a capital offence; and 4 men received sentence of death at the Old Baily about 7 years since for a crime of this nature.
	www.infopt.demon.co.uk /grub/newgate.htm (689 words)

	Connecticut's Heritage Gateway
		There is a substantial literature on Connecticut's infamous Newgate Prison, the colony and state jail from 1773 to 1827, when the Wethersfield facility opened.
		That literature is often focused on the copper-mining aspects of the institution, and such pieces are listed in the "mining" section of this bibliography.
		Herbert H. White tells of the experiences of Tories and British prisoners held in Newgate in "British Prisoners-of-War in Hartford during the Revolution" Papers of the NHCHS 8(1914): 255-76.
	www.ctheritage.org /biography/topical_govsince1818/prisons.htm (376 words)

	BRIEF HISTORY DURING THE SNOW ERA
		The history of the Newgate Prison probably dates back to the 12th century or perhaps earlier.
		Persons were hanged outside Newgate Prison before enormous crowds, dangling from a scaffold erected in front of the Prison on Old Bailey Street near the corner of Newgate Street.
		The Newgate Prison is shown in 1859 as a fl rectangle in the upper right section of K 19, just to the east of Old Bailey Street.
	www.ph.ucla.edu /epi/snow/1859map/newgate_prison_a2.html (203 words)

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