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NewtonScript programming language

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	NewtonScript - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		NewtonScript is an prototype based programming language created to write programs for the Apple Newton.
		It is heavily influenced by the Self computer language, but extended to be more suited to the personal digital assistant's needs.
		Written primarily by Walter Smith, the language was a part of the Newton Toolkit, introduced along with the Newton on August 1993.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/NewtonScript (652 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		NewtonScript is based on principles first used in Smalltalk and LISP, and was also influenced by Self, a language developed at Stanford University.
		Figure 2-3 C code sample Note that assignments of references in NewtonScript are handled in the same manner as assignments of arrays and strings in C, since arrays and strings in C are pointers.
		The NewtonScript inheritance mechanism is described in Chapter 5, ÒInheritance and Lookup.Ó The parts of a function object are shown in Figure 4-1.
	www.duke.edu /~mgc2/newton/nspl.txt (17722 words)

	November 93 - Prototype-based OOLs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		NewtonScript is documented in The NewtonScript Programming Language, a publication of the Apple PIE Technical Publications Group, and available from Apple as part of the standard Newton development tools.
		NewtonScript is an interpreted object-oriented dynamic language based upon prototypes and delegation, but with some static-language features, and even some features of a class-based language (features derived from C++).
		NewtonScript is closely bound to the Newton View system, and there is a notion of containment that encompasses most of the frames that a developer commonly uses.
	www.mactech.com /articles/frameworks/7_6/Prototype-based_OOLs_Evins.html (4302 words)

	Essaydirect.com: The Newton Script Programming Language - Term Paper
		NewtonScript is as default compiled into byte code and executed by an interpreter, though compiling NewtonScript to native code is possible at a per-function granularity and recommended for performance-critical program parts.
		NewtonScript inherits the features of a full-blown language from SELF, and was specialized and simplified towards the Newton application development needs, for example by restricting inheritance and replacing the Smalltalk syntax by the more popular Pascal syntax.
		NewtonScript is not indended for programming Ariane rocket control software and a Newton application crash is the worst thing to face in case an error slips through the testing process.
	www.essaydirect.com /fulltext/ind/4039.html (5261 words)

	SELF and the Origins of NewtonScript (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Newton's view system evolved in parallel with NewtonScript, and the idea of combining container inheritance defined by the view hierarchy with refinement in the form of view templates was naturally reflected in the language as "double inheritance".
		The NewtonScript documentation avoids such a direct description of the calling mechanism because we find very few people are interested in such details, and in fact the demands of speed draw the implementation away from such a direct approach, but here you can see the elegance of the original concept.
		NewtonScript's Pascal-like (or, to give credit where due, Algol-like) syntax is easier to learn for many, with little loss of expressiveness and power.
	wsmith.best.vwh.net /Self-intro.html (839 words)

	The Encyclopedia of Computer Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		NewtonScript does have many features that will be familiar to you, but it has one important difference: NewtonScript is prototype-based, rather than class-based.
		Newtonandquot;s view system evolved in parallel with NewtonScript, and the idea of combining container inheritance defined by the view hierarchy with refinement in the form of view templates was naturally reflected in the language as andquot;double inheritanceandquot;.
		NewtonScript that will allow the programmer to selectively pay the space penalty for the parts of an application for which speed is critical.
	hopl.murdoch.edu.au /showlanguage.prx?exp=1278 (1767 words)

	Your first Newtonscript application
		Newtonscript is a high level, object-oriented proto-language that was developed by Apple for exclusive use as the backbone of the Newton OS.
		Essentially, all of the adjectives used in the previous sentence mean that Newtonscript is compact, fast, and incredibly powerful on a "limited" machine.
		Newtonscript programs rely heavily on protos, so heavily in fact that proto means both a noun and a verb to developers.
	home.satx.rr.com /dumbstart/tutorial/tutorial1.htm (2150 words)

	Newton FAQ: Part III - NewtonOS [5/9] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		NewtonScript applications are not actually applications -- they're better thought of as plug-ins to the NewtonScript interpreter.
		NewtonScript applications register callback functions to be called when certain events occur that are germane to that application.
		The Newton also maintains a small piece of NewtonScript memory for every unfrozen application, containing pointers to its name and icon, as well as small NewtonScript functions ("scripts") which get run when the application's card is removed or installed, or when the application is deleted.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/palmtops/newton/faq/nos (6709 words)

	NewtonScript programming language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It is heavily influenced by the Self computer language, but extended to be more suited to the personal digital assistant 's needs.
		The team had looked at Self and were very interested in it, but at the time Self was not yet ready for real-worlduse.
		Written primarily by Walter Smith, the language was a part ofthe Newton Toolkit, introduced along with the Newton on August 1993.
	www.therfcc.org /newtonscript-programming-language-131746.html (609 words)

	Newton Glossary: Version 1.0.3
		In NewtonScript the value of the constant is substituted wherever the constant is used in code.
		NewtonScript Heap - An area of RAM used by the system for dynamically allocated objects, including NewtonScript objects.
		Unlike traditional virtual memory mechanisms, the heaps (especially the NewtonScript heap) are generally not included into the virtual memory mechanism, although the Newton OS can apparently support it.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/palmtops/newton/glossary (14240 words)

	Io programming language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Io is a pure object-oriented programming language inspired by Smalltalk, Self, Lua, Lisp and NewtonScript.
		Io has a prototype-based object model similar to the ones in Self and NewtonScript, eliminating the distinction between types and classes.
		Like Smalltalk, everything is an object and there is dynamic typing.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Io_programming_language (227 words)

	[No title]
		This means that the kernel is able to run several processes at a time, and that switching between processes is done without any intervention from the processes.
		There is a mechanism in NewtonScript used for that which allows to use cooperative threads, i.e.
		I guess that NewtonScript native functions (those with a funcPtr) all start with an F and then comes the name of the function in NewtonScript.
	www.kallisys.com /files/newton/Bowels/Forks_in_NewtonScript.txt (1116 words)

	zope's acquisition inheritance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Inheritance NewtonScript uses an inheritance scheme which is derived from SELF.
		When this object is then actually put onto the screen, the system itself creates another object having the template as prototype, with some redefined slots to designate view boundaries for example.
		Assignment rules are a little different from the prototype inheritance rules, you can assign values to slots which reside in your chain of parents and grandparents as you can assign values to global variables in other languages without replicating these variables locally in the current frame.
	mail.python.org /pipermail/python-list/2001-July/051630.html (724 words)

	ntox
		A binary object and a byte array are assumed to have one-byte elements as opposed to a NewtonScript string with two-byte elements.
		It takes care of the conversion between NewtonScript objects and C structures by checking the provided parser frame for previously set state information and saving this information after a completed parsing process.
		It is important to know that ntox locks the passed string or binary oject on the NewtonScript heap for the duration of the parsing process (a byte array as the data to be parsed will not be locked).
	40hz.org /NTox (736 words)

	Mottek - Hacking the Newton: August 2003 Archives
		One of the challenges in the Bluetooth driver project and any other project involving the NewtonOS communications framework are the communication primitives which are exposed to the NewtonScript layer.
		The situation regarding the RFCOMM tool is quite similar: The TSerTool handles the upper layer input buffers which are visible to the NewtonScript layer.
		The biggest difficulty is to implement the logic which the NewtonScript glue layer expects from the comm tool layer...
	40hz.org /mottek-old/archives/2003_08.html (599 words)

	ZLib :: Documentation
		slot is a frame with the NewtonScript representation of some elements of the zstream structure.
		The NewtonScript (Unicode) string representation of the zstream msg field.
		If the 'zstreamf slot is present, then it's read and values there are set to the zstream structure before being passed to deflateInit.
	www.kallisys.com /newton/zlib/doc/zlib.html (1381 words)

	BYTE.com
		Currently, the only language available for programming the Newton is NewtonScript, and even the fast ARM chip gets bogged down interpreting t he byte codes that the NewtonScript compiler generates.
		NewtonScript has two data classes: scalars (i.e., symbols, integers, floating-point numbers, characters, and Booleans) and composites (i.e., strings, arrays, and frames).
		NewtonScript provides the glue with which these facilities are easily combined to form useful applications.
	www.byte.com /art/9403/sec10/art1.htm (2277 words)

	Steve Weyer's Newt FAQ
		NewtonScript code is compiled into bytecodes and interpreted on the Newton.
		Although NewtonScript is fast enough for most applications (especially on NOS 2.x), a RISC(native) compiler in NTK 1.5 can be used to dramatically speed up selected NewtonScript methods (though making them much larger in the process).
		Newt is appropriate if you want to learn about NewtonScript programming and Newton application development, if you would like to build and distribute small to moderate-sized applications, or if you want to do some portable prototyping or lack a NTK-capable system.
	newted.dyndns.org /users/weyer/newton/newtdev/newt-faq.htm (3094 words)

	Dumbstart's Daily Apple Newton: i have decided! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		I'm going to upload the latest version of my Newtonscript tutorial and the latest versions of quite a bit of my software (which I've been working to update off and on over the past few weeks).
		I'm going to extend a few hands out to the Newton community at large to put together some Newtonscript tutorials as well.
		I'd like to make a nice home to the development and extension of the Newton OS for years to come (until the year 2010 at least).
	dev.newtontalk.net /~jburks/2004/10/i-have-decided.html (274 words)

	Newt Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		NewtonScript (NS), Newton's built-in, object-oriented (o-o) language, shares ancestry with dynamic o-o languages like Smalltalk, Self, Common Lisp, and ObjectLogo.
		NewtonScript is the same language that is used by Apple's Newton ToolKit (NTK).
		For further information on NewtonScript syntax and view frame slots and methods, NTK from APDA includes manuals, and other books will be published.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /saweyer/newton/newtdev/intro.htm (1412 words)

	Newton Life Benchmark (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Any time the native environment needs to call a function that is only available in interpreted NewtonScript it loses a lot of time to a context switch that is required to move from native code to interpreted code.
		If you change the execution type to one of the "can't stop" settings and use a configuration that doesn't eventually change to a static state, then the only solution is to use the reset button on the Newton.
		The only common NewtonScript operation that isn't tested by the benchmark is the reading and writing of soup data.
	users.primushost.com /~jdb/life/lifeindex.html (1717 words)

	A Trifle Absurd » NewtonScript
		Interesting stuff–not just NewtonScript itself, but its environment, too, especially the persistent-object database system (the “soup”).
		NewtonScript is (intentionally) very similar to Self, except for its inheritance model.
		Walter Smith, one of the main developers of NewtonScript, has some articles and pointers to more Newton developer information.
	www.matthewmorgan.net /blog/archives/2005/01/31/newtonscript (133 words)

	About the NSWabaAPI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The basic class in the API is Ref, which represents pointers to NewtonScript objects.
		The NS class lets you access certain important objects in the NewtonScript environment, including your virtual machine's window and drawing area, and all the protos in the ROM.
		This symbol is defined in the NOS 2.1 platform file, and ordinarily in NewtonScript you can just state it.
	cs.gmu.edu /~sean/projects/newton/waba/docs/nswabaapi.html (601 words)

	: Class Ref
		A Ref is a pointer to an underlying NewtonScript object.
		Most of these have been left out because they're not too common, and the class is getting too big as it is. Perhaps at some point some will be added in with popular demand.
		If a NewtonScript exception is raised by this call, then the symbol form of the exception will be returned instead of the expected return value.
	cs.gmu.edu /~sean/projects/newton/waba/docs/classdocs/newton/Ref.html (1706 words)

	[No title]
		If you have any corrections, suggestions, or additions you would like to see, please send them to me at: trygve@apple.com This package may be freely distributed, but please make sure to include the Read Me file with it.
		My program and recommended hardware will get you some of the features of the new mp2000 in case you are waiting for the 2010 with more speech recognition like I am.
		I made a little program to make all the newton message pads be able to talk just a little (I may work out a crude phonetics newtonscript plugin later).
	ftp.sunet.se /pub/mac/info-mac/_Newton/_Development/00dev-abstracts.txt (1273 words)

	Newt's Cape: NewtonScript Syntax
		NewtonScript source for expressions and methods is processed normally as HTML before being compiled on your Newton.
		You need to do a few things differently because of HTML (delimiters) so that your embedded NewtonScript source is converted as you intended.
		Here is a process I use for testing new HTML documents that contain NewtonScript (NS); I use BBEdit Lite (BBEL) on Mac for simple text editing -- adapt this accordingly for your own editor/browser.
	newted.dyndns.org /users/weyer/newton/newtscape/docs/nssyn.htm (678 words)

	Proto-C (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It's a reference to the frame syntax I borrow from NewtonScript: a frame (analogous to an object, sort of) is usally depicted as a set of variables inside curly braces.
		NewtonScript is dead (sigh), and even if it wasn't, it's based on Pascal's syntax.
		A frame is what NewtonScript and Proto-C call a prototype.
	www.moselle.com /jsrs/protoc.html (445 words)

	[No title]
		Although NewtonScript is fast enough for most applications (especially on NOS 2.0), a RISC compiler in NTK 1.5 can be used to dramatically speed up selected NewtonScript methods (though making them much larger in the process).
		There are two formats for an application: Source You can transfer the source from the Notepad by emailing or beaming directly to another Newton, or by transferring the text to a desktop text file via Newton Connection Kit or Slurpee.
		Newt is appropriate if you want to learn about NewtonScript programming and Newton application development, if you would like to build and distribute small to moderate-sized applications, or if you want to do some portable prototyping or lack a Macintosh or money for development.
	www.enlight.ru /docs/newt/NEWT-FAQ.TXT (3532 words)

	Cyberguide Winter 96 Project Plan
		The intention of this incremental development is to both provide a space for the learning curve expected in order to understand the existing Cyberguide and NewtonScript as well as demo an intermediate working prototype during mid-quarter.
		Develop a utility in NewtonScript for storing points visited on a Cyberguide map in a data structure, and later viewing of said structure.
		Given Newton processor speed or inherent limitations in the NewtonScript language, there may be no efficient way of conducting a breadth-first search of applicable data points.
	www.cc.gatech.edu /fce/cyberguide/project_notebook/winter96/project_plan.html (3919 words)

	splorp . newton . glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A framed object that displays information (text, graphics, or both) and may contain controls that the user operates by tapping, as well as areas where the user can write and draw.
		A frame used in receiving endpoint data that defines how incoming data should be formatted; termination conditions that control when the input should be stopped; data filtering options; and callback methods.
		A series of NewtonScript pointers that indicate the location of various NewtonScript objects.
	www.splorp.com /newton/glossary (11047 words)

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