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Topic: Ngawang Namgyal

In the News (Thu 16 Feb 12)

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	Ngawang Sandrol Biography
		Ngawang Sangdrol was amongst a number of female prisoners who refused to tidy their beds or clean their cells, apparently in protest against the Panchen Lama re-education campaign being conducted in the prison.
		Ngawang was reportedly sentenced on 31 July 1996, and in the months preceding the trial was fed only one plain dumpling or bun per day and was manifesting signs of severe malnourishment.
		Ngawang is scheduled to be released in 2010 at the age of 33.
	www.greystaples.com /amnesty/ngawangb.htm (679 words)

	Bhutan - HISTORY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The theocratic government was founded by an expatriate Drukpa monk, Ngawang Namgyal, who arrived in Bhutan in 1616 seeking freedom from the domination of the Gelugpa subsect led by the Dalai Lama (Ocean Lama) in Lhasa.
		Ngawang Namgyal's regime was bound by a legal code called the Tsa Yig, which described the spiritual and civil regime and provided laws for government administration and for social and moral conduct.
		During the period of Ngawang Namgyal's supposed retreat, appointments of officials were issued in his name, and food was left in front of his locked door.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/bhutan/HISTORY.html (5026 words)

	Ngawang Namgyal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		His grandfather was driven out of Tibet by the rival Gelugpa sect under the control of the Dalai Lama, and chose to settle in the Paro valley in western Bhutan, the valley having a close association with his persecuted branch of Tibetan Buddhism, the Kagyupa.
		He was proud to have the Jesuits as guests of his court and was reluctant to grant them permission to leave and offered to support their proselytizing efforts with manpower and church-building funds, (but they pressed on to Tibet in search of the apostate church said to be isolated in the heart of central Asia).
		In 1634, in the Battle of Five Lamas Ngawang Namgyal prevailed over the Tibetan and Bhutanese forces allied against him and was the first to unite Bhutan into a single country.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shabdrung_Ngawang_Namgyal (459 words)

	Snow Lion Publications: Snow Lion Newsletter: Ngawang Sangdrol Released (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Ngawang Sangdrol was released today from Drapchi Prison in Lhasa (Tibet Autonomous Region Prison Number One) nine years before the completion of her sentence.
		Ngawang Sangdrol (lay name: Rigchog), born in Lhasa in 1977 and a nun of Garu nunnery, first became involved in political activities when she was only 11 years old, participating in pro-independence demonstrations in Lhasa in 1987-88.
		Ngawang Sangdrol also refused to stand up when a prison officer entered her cell, and shouted "Free Tibet" when she and other women were made to stand in the rain as a punishment for refusing to keep their cells clean.
	www.snowlionpub.com /pages/N60_4.php (833 words)

	31 July 1997 - Human Rights Updates - TCHRD
		Namgyal Tashi's son has also spent time in prison for independence activities and his daughter, a nun, continues to serve her staggering 18 year prison term.
		Namgyal Tashi subsequently began to distribute the Tibetan national flag and the leaflets throughout the region of Lhasa.
		Ngawang Choedon, 42 years old, is the eldest of the children; Rinzin Dolker is 35; Tenzin Sherab is 32; Tenzin Choephel is 28; Jampal Tenzin is 25; Ngawang Sangdrol is 20 and Pema Tseten is 17.
	www.tchrd.org /hrupdate/1997/hr19970731.html (2739 words)

	Tibet: Ngawang Sangdrols Urteil verlängert
		Ngawang Sangdrol und einige andere politische Gefangene wurden besonders schwer mißhandelt, was schließen läßt, daß sie vielleicht als Anführerin der Demonstration erachtet wurde.
		Namgyal Tashis Bruder Lobsang Lhundrub, der um dieselbe Zeit verhaftet wurde, ist nun wegen der in der Gefangenschaft erfahrenden Mißhandlungen an einen Rollstuhl gefesselt.
		Namgyal Tashi verbrachte wegen seiner Beteiligung an dem Aufstand von 1959 die besten Jahre seines Lebens in Gefangenschaft, hauptsächlich in den laogai, oder " Lagern zur Reform durch Arbeit".
	www.igfm-muenchen.de /tibet/tin/NewsUpdate99and2000/Ngawang%20Sangdrol.html (1502 words)

	Ngawang Sangdrol's sentence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Although she was only 15 years of age, Ngawang was sentenced to three years and was incarcerated in Lhasa's notorious Drapchi prison.
		On 8th October 1993, her sentence was extended by 6 years due to her involvement in recording a tape of patriotic songs with a group of 13 fellow inmates five months ago.
		After Namgyal Tashi was released, he met his daughter Ngawang Sangdrol for the last time on 20th August 2001 and died exactly after a month on 20th September.
	www.greystaples.com /amnesty/ngawangn.htm (586 words)

	A Nun's Prison Sentence extended to 21 years Ngawang Sangdrol's prison sentence extended for the third time
		According to a reliable source from Tibet, Ngawang Sangdrol's sentence was increased by four years due to her participation in the May 1 and 4, 1998 prisoner protests at Drapchi Prison.
		Her father, Namgyal Tashi and brother Tenzin Sherab, were arrested on June 12, 1991 by the Lhasa city PSB after ransacking their house and confiscating pictures of the Dalai Lama and political leaflets.
		Ngawang Sangdrol is now due to be released in the year 2013 at the age of 36.
	www.tibet.com /Humanrights/tchrd-4.html (819 words)

	Australia Tibet Council: News: Ngawang Sangdrol has been released from Prison (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Ngawang Sangdrol has been the focus of many campaigns by Tibet Support Groups globally because of the severity of her sentence and fears for her health.
		Ngawang Sangdrol, one of Tibet's most prominent political prisoners and the longest serving female political prisoner detained by Beijing, was released from prison today (16/10/02).
		Both Sangdrol and her late father, Namgyal Tashi, served overlapping terms from 1992 to 1999 in Drapchi prison, notorious for harsh treatment of prisoners, for separate demonstrations.
	www.atc.org.au /news/news/20021018_nsreleased.html (631 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Ngawang Namgyal
		In addition to unifying the country for the first time in the 1630s, he also sought to create a distinctly Bhutanese cultural identity apart from the Tibetan culture from which it was derived.
		His grandfather was driven out of Tibet in a political conflict and chose to settle in the Paro valley in western Bhutan, the valley having a close association with his branch of Tibetan Buddhism.
		In the Battle of Five Lamas Ngawang Namgyal prevailed over the Bhutanese and Tibetan forces allied against him and thus united Bhutan as a country for the first time in 1634.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Ngawang_Namgyal (389 words)

	History of Bhutan
		Soon Ngawang Namgyal ensured support from families of his own sect and went on to build a series of Dzong (monastery castle) throughout the country.
		During the rule of Ngawang Namgyal there were several unsuccessful invasion attempts from Tibet by the King of Tibet as well as Mongol leaders.
		Death of Ngawang Namgyal lead to chaos in the country, although a new Shabdung was choosen, the power of the central authority was vastly diluted.
	www.himalayan-adventure.com /bhutan/history.htm (581 words)

	The Dzogchen Lineage of Nyoshul Khenpo
		Khenchen Ngawang Palzang was the greatest disciple and chodak of Nyoshul Lungtok Tenpai Nyima.
		Khenpo Ngawang Palzang said that this had indeed been the authentic absolute nature, but that he still had to go through all the practices to stabilize his realization and make it unshakable.
		Khen Rinpoche was a long-time disciple of H.H. Dudjom Rinpoche, Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, and Kangyur Rinpoche, and a close vajra brother of Jatral Rinpoche Sangye Dorje.
	www.dzogchen.org /library/bios/dzogchen-lineage.htm (10043 words)

	Windows on Asia
		In the 17 th century, a Drukpa monk, Ngawang Namgyal, fleeing the domination of the Gelugpa sect led by the Dalai Lama in Tibet, founded a theocratic government in Bhutan.
		Ngawang’s legal code provided laws for both social and moral conduct and was based on the Buddhist dharma (teachings).
		The last person recognized as the bodily reincarnation of Ngawang died in the mid-eighteenth century, but the speech and mind incarnations were recognized into the early 20 th century.
	www.isp.msu.edu /asianstudies/wbwoa/southasia/Bhutan/history.html (3081 words)

	MSN Encarta - Printer-friendly - Bhutan
		In 1616 the theocratic government of Bhutan was founded by a Drukpa monk, Ngawang Namgyal.
		After a series of victories over rival subsect leaders, Ngawang Namgyal became the leader of Bhutan.
		During Ngawang Namgyal’s rule, the administration of Bhutan developed a dual system of government including two leaders: a spiritual leader entitled dharma raja and a civil government leader entitled deb raja.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /text_761568123___7/Bhutan.html (683 words)

	Ngwang Chojor's Main Page
		Venerable Ngawang Chojor started his career when he was thirteen.
		Ngawang was born in Tibet and lived in the capital city of Lhasa.
		He entered the Namgyal Monastery in Lhasa, the personal monastery of the Dalai Lama, the political and religious leader of Tibet.
	www.arts.state.wi.us /static/folkdir/chojor1.htm (313 words)

	Bumthang (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It was built in 1646 by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, the first spiritual and temporal ruler of Bhutan; the Dzong continues its age-old function as the seat of the district administration, district court and the monastic body.
		When Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal was scouting for a place to build a dzong at this strategic place, he came across a boy building sand castles by the river.
		It was built in 1740 by Lama Ngawang Loday for benefit of the people in the valley who wished to travel to Boudhnath but could not go and for the fact that the people of the valley were very devoted Buddhist.
	www.nirvanaexpeditions.com /programs/discover.htm (3719 words)

	Tibetan female political prisoner Ngawang Sangdrol's prison term is 23 years.
		Tibetan female political prisoner Ngawang Sangdrol's prison term is 23 years.
		Eventhough it was attended by some press persons, they still continue with stating Ngawang Sangdrol's prison term as 21 years.
		We appeal to all the members of the Tibet Support groups and other friends to state Ngawang Sangdrol's prison term as 23 years as per the corrections made by the research team of our organization.
	www.ticino-tibet.ch /articoli/ngawang.htm (610 words)

	Etho Metho Tours and Treks
		Druk Choeding : Built in 1525, this town temple was built by Ngawang Chhogyel, one of the prince-abbots of Ralung in Tibet and an ancestor of the Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal.
		The capital of Bhutan, and the centre of government, religion and commerce, it is a unique city with an unusual mixture of modern development alongside ancient traditions.
		Punakha Dzong : Built strategically at the Junction of Pho Chu and Mo Chu rivers in 1637 by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal to serve as the religious and administrative centre of the region.
	www.ethometho.com /visiting/places.htm (2545 words)

	Tibet: Ngawang Sangdrols Vater gestorben
		Namgyal Tashi, ein für seine Entschlossenheit und seinen starken Willen bekannter Mann, verbrachte einen Großteil seines Lebens in Gefängnissen und Umerziehungs-Arbeitslagern, zuletzt war er von 1991 bis 1999 acht Jahre lang wegen politischer Aktivitäten in Drapchi eingesperrt.
		Namgyal Tashi wurde 1935 in der Gemeinde Chideshol in Kreis Gongkar (chin.
		Ngawang Sangdrol wurde erneut im Juni 1992 verhaftet, als sie versuchte zusammen mit einer anderen Nonne und drei Mönchen in Lhasa zu demonstrieren, und zu drei Jahren verurteilt.
	www.igfm-muenchen.de /tibet/tin/NewsUpdate2001/Nachruf%20Tashi%20Namgyal.html (575 words)

	Kuensel-About Bhutan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Perhaps the most dynamic era in Bhutanese history came in the 17th century with the arrival, in 1616, of Ngawang Namgyal, the great leader of the Drukpa school of Mahayana Buddhism.
		Over the next 30 years Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal unified the country and established the foundations for national governance and the Bhutanese identity.
		After the rule of 54 Desis and 60 Je Khenpos, the Trongsa Penlop, Jigmi Namgyal, emerged as a strong leader and was succeded, in 1881, by his dynamic son, Ugen Wangchuk.
	www.kuenselonline.com /aboutbhutan/shabdrung.html (381 words)

	Readers' Comments - www.phayul.com
		Ngawang Namgyal has very clearly expressed how British Raj had played double standard political roles with Tibet and China in order to gain her trade monopoly in Tibet.
		Ngawang Namgyal presented his research artical very consistantly and accurately in the writing style of old British Raj english.
		Ngawang Namgyal's intention might be good but as one writer claimed his style of writing is awkward, causing a lot of headaches for the readers.
	www.phayul.com /news/discuss/view.aspx?id=7997 (1490 words)

	Drukpa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A prominent disciple of Tsanga Gyara was Phajo Drugom Shigpo (1208 - 1276) who went on to convert the valleys of western Bhutan to Drukpa Buddhism in 1222.
		In the 1600s Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, the founder of Bhutan, unified the country and established Drukpa as the preeminent Buddhist school from Haa all the way to Trongsa.
		Inside Bhutan the sect is led by the Je Khenpo (a title of office, not a tulku lineage), who is the chief abbot of the Central Monk Body.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Drukpa.html (369 words)

	The Fifth Drukpa - The Gyalwang Drukpa's website
		Pema Karpo's other reincarnation, Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal (1594-1651; Shabdrung in Tibetan means "at whose feet we submit"), was born into the royal Gya family.
		Following the prophecy of Pema Karpo, Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal left for western Bhutan, where the Drukpa Kargyud School had already been established, and founded the Cheri Monastery in 1619 in Thimphu valley.
		As the temporal and spiritual ruler of Bhutan, Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal unified Bhutan for the first time in its history.
	www.drukpa.org /eng/biographies/reincarnations/drukpa05.htm (367 words)

	The gateway town to the south of Bhutan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Rinpung Dzong: meaning "fortress of the heap of Jewels", this dzong was built in 1646 by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal.
		The capital of Bhutan, and the center of government, religion and commerce, it is unique city, with an unusual mixture of modern development alongside ancient tradition.
		Tashichhodzong: built in 1641 by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal and reconstructed in 1961, by the Late King, His Majesty, King Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, Tashichhodzong (fortress of the glorious religion) houses the main secretariat building, throne room of His Majesty the King of Bhutan.
	www.indiavacationexperts.com /Bhutan_Placesofvisit.htm (2711 words)

	Brief History of Bhutan: Bhutannewsonline.com
		Nawang Namgyal‘s arrival, numerous clans ruled in different valleys of Bhutan, having internecine war and quarrel among themselves and with Tibet.
		Nawang Namgyal is considered as the most important era in the history of Bhutan.
		Over the next thirty years, he conquered and unified the country under his central leadership, which otherwise was fragmented into petty principalities, ruled over by the tribal feudal chiefs.
	www.bhutannewsonline.com /history.html (494 words)

	Trip to Bhutan.com ::: Tour Guides (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Built in 1646 by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, the first spiritual and temporal ruler of Bhutan, the Dzong houses the monastic body of Paro, the office of the Dzongda (district administrative head) and Thrimpon (judge) of Paro district.
		This Dzong, with a delightful village nestling at its foot, was built in 1646 by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal to commemorate his victory over the Tibetan invaders.
		Built in 1525, this town temple was formed by Ngawang Chhogyel, one of the prince-abbots of Ralung in Tibet and an ancestor of the Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal.
	triptobhutan.com /tourist_destinations.htm (4175 words)

	Bhutan-Bhutan travel, Bhutan tours, Bhutan trekking, Bhutan Tour Operators, Bhutan Travel Agency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This ruin Dzong (Fortress) was built in 1646 by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal to commemorate his victory over the Tibetan invaders led by Mongolian warlord, Gushri Khan.
		Druk Choeding built in 1525 by Ngawang Chhogyel, one of the prince-abbots of Ralung in Tibet and an ancestor of the Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal.
		Khamsum Yuelley Namgyal, a three-storey chorten built by Her Majesty the Queen Ashi Tshering Yangdon in 1999 for the protection of the country, stands on a beautiful hillock called Ngezergang, and is about 6 miles from Punakha.
	www.bhutanadventure.com /destinations.htm (4642 words)

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