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Topic: Nguni

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	Livestock Breeds Project - Nguni Cattle
		Nguni cattle are a sub-type of the African Sanga cattle associated with the pastrolist cattle culture of the Negro/Bantu people of Africa.
		The ancestors of the present day Nguni of South Africa were brought into the country by the southward migration of the Khoi people from the central lakes area of Africa.
		Nguni cattle are less prone to dystocia, this being ascribed to their sloping rumps, small uterus and low birth mass.
	www.ansi.okstate.edu /breeds/cattle/nguni/index.htm (446 words)

	nguni (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Nguni is an artificial term, which suggests an ethnic unit, which it is not.
		A further, similarly artificial partitioning differentiated between the northern Nguni, consisting of Zulu and Swazi, and the southern Nguni among which are the Xhosa, Thembu, Mfengu, Mpondo and the Mpondomise.
		The Nguni lived during its zenith in the southeast region of South Africa, between the internal plateau and the Indian Ocean.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Nguni.html (470 words)

	Nguni cattle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Nguni cattle breed is endemic from the South of Africa.
		The Nguni cattle ancestors were brought by the Xhosa, Zulu and Swazi people, during their migration to South between 600 and 700 AD.
		King Shaka of the Zulus understood this cultural and economic importance and seized the control of the Nguni herds on his dominions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nguni_cattle (254 words)

	CATTLE BREEDS -- NGUNI
		Nguni cattle are a sub-type of the African Sanga cattle associated with the pastrolist cattle culture of the Negro/Bantu people of Africa.
		The ancestors of the present day Nguni of South Africa were brought into the country by the southward migration of the Khoi people from the central lakes area of Africa.
		Nguni cattle are less prone to dystocia, this being ascribed to their sloping rumps, small uterus and low birth mass.
	www.embryoplus.com /cattle_nguni.html (429 words)

	The Nguni: A Case Study - Jenny Bester, L.E. Matjuda, J.M. Rust and H.J. Fourie
		The Nguni is now seen as a source of genetic material well suited to the management style and needs of the emergent fl farmer who requires a relatively low-maintenance and relatively high-output animal.
		The barrel of the Nguni is of good length and strength, the rump is inclined to droop towards the tail and the rear quarter is light.
		This resulted from the perception that the Nguni was inferior compared with the larger exotics, despite the fact that it was a low-maintenance breed ideally suited to the low-input farm systems of the communal farmer.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/006/Y3970E/y3970e04.htm (5373 words)

	Nguni - Wikipedia
		Unter dem Begriff Nguni werden verschiedene Ethnien der Bantu zusammengefasst.
		Die Nguni lebten während ihres Zenits in der Südöstlichen Region von Südafrika, zwischen dem inneren Plateau und dem indischen Ozean.
		Jahrhundert unterschieden sich die Südlichen Nguni kulturell kaum von den Nördlichen Nguni.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nguni (497 words)

	South Africa - Nguni
		The Zulu and the Swazi are among the Northern Nguni.
		Before the nineteenth century, the dominant Nguni settlement pattern was that of dispersed households, as opposed to villages.
		Nguni political organization generally consisted of small chiefdoms, sometimes only a few hundred people loyal to a person chosen by descent, achievement, or a combination of factors.
	countrystudies.us /south-africa/46.htm (2944 words)

	Nguni (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Nguni is a group of languages spoken in southern Africa including isiZulu, isiXhosa, Swati, and Ndebele.
		Up to 1800, the southern Nguni culturally hardly differed from the northern Nguni.
		The Xhosa formed the probably most well-known Tribe of the southern Nguni.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Nguni.html (453 words)

	Nguni cattle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Nguni cattle breed is endemicfrom the South of Africa.
		This cattle isknown by its fertility and resistance to diseases, being the favourite breed amongst milk and meat producers of South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Angola.
		The Nguni cattle ancestors were brought by the Xhosa, Zulu and Swazi people, during their migration to South between 600 and 700 AD.Since then, these animals have played an important social and economic role in the development of these societies.
	www.therfcc.org /nguni-cattle-76609.html (236 words)

	groom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In Nguni marriages there are two other very important dimensions to the building of relations between the family of the bride and the family of the bridegroom.
		The main difference between Nguni and Sotho marriage patterns is that whereas in Nguni society the rule of clan exogamy leads to spouses marrying in groups to which they are strangers, in Sotho society people who have known one another for most of their lives often marry.
		The implication of this pattern of choice is that the relations between a bride and her in-laws is less formal and less subject to the strict avoidance behaviour characteristic of Nguni marriages.
	www.africanbride.co.za /aa_groom.htm (3207 words)

	South Africa - Nguni
		The Nguni peoples are classified into three large subgroups, the Northern Nguni, the Southern Nguni, and the Ndebele.
		The Xhosa are the largest Southern Nguni society, but the neighboring Thembu and Mpondo are also well known Southern Nguni societies, often described as subgroups of the Xhosa.
		Four of South Africa's official languages are Nguni languages; isiZulu, isiXhosa, siSwati, and isiNdebele are spoken primarily by the Zulu, the Xhosa, the Swazi, and the Ndebele peoples, respectively.
	www.countrystudies.us /south-africa/46.htm (2944 words)

	CentralPets.com - Nguni Page (Printer Friendly Version)
		The Nguni Cattle in closer contact with humans are used as draft animals and are renowned for their sweet, docile personalities.
		Nguni type cattle living in the Kavanga region have recently been recognized as a separate type of cow than standard Nguni.
		Nguni Cattle are not susceptible to dystocia thanks to the small birth mass of their calves, their good pelvic conformation and their small uteruses.
	centralpets.com /php/PrintFriendly.php?AnimalNumber=5272 (540 words)

	Nguni - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Nguni (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The main Nguni peoples are the Zulu, Swazi, Pondo, Xhosa, and Matabele.
		The Nguni once lived in what is now the South African province of Natal, but dispersed about the time of the rise to power of the Zulu king Chaka and the Swazi king Sobhuza I in the first decades of the 19th century.
		Some Nguni groups emigrated from southern Africa to Malawi and Tanzania, conquering other peoples as they went and forming their own empires.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Nguni (140 words)

	ISLAMIC CULTURE AMONGST THE NGUNI (XHOSA & ZULU) PEOPLES
		The Nguni belief system is intertwined with their rich culture and it is quite common to witness how their culture pervades the religious rituals for all institutions such as birth, marriage and death.
		Whilst the Nguni peoples were absorbing the beliefs of their `new' tradition they also became acquainted with the usage of certain oft-quoted Arabic phrases.
		However, since there is no big difference between Islam and the Nguni culture as far as the mourning period is concerned they normally also observe rules as prescribed by their African tradition.
	www.uga.edu /islam/islam_nguni.html (3223 words)

	Zululand: History of the Zulu Nation
		The relative sophistication of the Iron Age ushered in a time of plenty for the Nguni and their neighbouring races, with the resulting population explosion of both people and livestock leading inevitably to the quest for new land.
		Those Nguni who forged on soon discovered the country of their dreams - fertile land, mighty rivers, tributaries and streams, nutritious pastures, relief from the merciless tropical heat of their migration and, more importantly perhaps, an absence of the livestock- debilitating tsetse-fly endemic further north.
		Following the tradition of Nguni heirs, Zulu used part of his inherited cattle herd as dowry for marriage - to this day it remains customary for the bride's father to receive cattle as compensation for the loss of his daughter's labour within the household.
	zululand.kzn.org.za /zululand/about (1554 words)

	9 Zulu and Shaka
		- the Nguni peoples migrated from the north and west; Gluckman in his chapter says it was in the middle of the 15th C (i.e., just before the Portuguese circumnavigated southern Africa), but it seems likely that it was significantly earlier (the estimates were based on oral traditions).
		The Xhosa, the southern wing of this linguistic group, was ensconced in the Transkei in the 16th C and were moving/expanding about 200 miles or so over a century; thus, the pace of the migration was almost certainly slower than was previously thought.
		The Great Wife was often the daughter of a neighbouring chief and her dowry was usually paid with contributions from the whole people as ‘she was the mother of the nation’.
	husky1.stmarys.ca /~wmills/course316/9Zulu_Shaka.html (11559 words)

	Nguni (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Nguni is an artificial term which suggests ethnic unit which it is not.
		A similarly artificial partitioning differentiated between the northern consisting of Zulu and Swazi and the southern Nguni among which the Xhosa Thembu Mfengu Mpondo and the Mpondomise.
		As is the case the Zulu the Xhosa had clans or whereby the respective king had large power had the right to mobilize the entire for a war.
	www.freeglossary.com /Nguni (528 words)

	The Zulu Nation of South Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Xhosa, Pondo and Thembu of the Eastern Cape, (formerly Transkei) are major representatives of the South Nguni, while the Zulu, the Swazi of Swaziland and the Ndbele (in the present provinces of Gauteng and Mpumalanga) are of the Northern Nguni.
		The Nguni are believed by Bryant and Krige to have been one of three large African migrant groups whose tradition of horticulture and cattle breeding combine the major cultural attributes of West, Central and North East Africa, from where they are held to have moved along separate routes to Southern Africa.
		The final Nguni migration populated the heart of KwaZulu-Natal where the small and unimportant Zulu clan was later to succeed the Ndwandwe and Mthetwa empires respectively in the north-west and north-east.
	minotaur.marques.co.za /clients/zulu/indexorg.htm (421 words)

	[No title]
		In general the Nguni, Xhosa, Zulu and Swazi, and Tsonga lived in individual homesteads or, in the case of the Zulu, military towns based on regimental organizations.
		Among the Nguni there was little contact with relatives on the mother's side while among the Sotho such contact was common.
		Among the Nguni, especially groups associated with the Zulu, marriage ceremonies and subsequent practice emphasised the differences between lineage groups.
	www.ucalgary.ca /~nurelweb/papers/irving/ELPHINK.htm (8508 words)

	Star - Beauty is nguni skin deep (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Nguni cattle shaped in brightly beaded wire and accompanied by expressive Ardmore ceramic works were a major highlight of the South Africa Antique Dealers Association exhibition late last year at Wanderers, in Johannesburg.
		The Abundant Herds: A Celebration of the Nguni Cattle of the Zulu People, in itself a collectors' item, was sparked off by the research for a doctoral thesis on the Nguni cattle and its cultural significance, by Marguerite Poland.
		A novelist, her fascination with the Nguni was triggered by the poetic and complex naming practice of the skin colour.
	thestar.co.za /index.php?fArticleId=2451852&fSectionId=495&fSetId=505 (895 words)

	Zulu \| Nguni People, Tribe \| South Africa... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The eastern portion of southern Africa, the area known as KwaZulu-Natal, was settled at the beginning of the 17th century by the clans who would collectively become known as the Nguni people and, individually, as the Zulu, Xhosa, Pondo and Swazi people.
		The area was already inhabited but these people became little more than phantoms and, according to the Zulu people, all that was left of them was their voices, which could be heard echoing in the mountains.
		Nguni’s followers split up into several family groups and clans and settled down, each in his own valley.
	newsletter.krugerpark.co.za /africa_zulu.html (527 words)

	Zululand EcoAdventures - Adventure Racing. Nguni Eco-Challenge.
		Results of Nguni 150 km Adventure Challenge held on 12-13th March 2005.
		Their Nguni cattle were primarily draft animals and an integral part of their society.
		These colourful cattle were small, hardy, heat tolerant, disease resistant, had a low mortality rate, had good temperaments, were excellent foragers, lived long productive lives and had been shaped by natural selection in the African environment for thousands of years.
	www.eshowe.com /article/articlestatic/48/1/11 (997 words)

	A Cultural Profile of the Xhosa of Tanzania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		They are descended from a clan of the Nguni.
		The Xhosa culture (and Nguni culture as a whole) has borrowed from the Khoisan culture and language and the two peoples lived symbotically and even intermarried.
		The Nguni languages are unique among the Bantu languages in the use of click sounds as consonants.
	www.geocities.com /orvillejenkins/profiles/xhosa.html (1167 words)

	Heaven's Herds: Nguni Cattle, Nguni People - Cornerhouse
		This beautifully crafted film is a celebration of the lives, traditions and struggles of the Nguni people in the context of post-apartheid South Africa, explained through their various relationships with Nguni cattle.
		Stunning images of the landscapes, people and herds of the Transkei are combined with stories of a range of compelling Nguni characters, all held together by the poetic narration of sculptor and poet Professor Pitika Ntuli.
		Forbidden from breeding the Nguni cattle under colonial rule, this engaging film shows how ingrained the animal is in the culture.
	www.cornerhouse.org /film/info.aspx?ID=2064&page=0 (181 words)

	Mogwana Dance Troupe
		There are four major groupings into which present-day Bantu-speaking populations are divided, Nguni, Sotho, Tsonga and Venda, can be squarely located in four major geographical and ecological regions.
		The Sotho and Venda are associated with western central plateau and lowveld, and the Nguni and Tsonga with the eastern area between the Drakensberg escarpment and the Indian Ocean.
		Even the clicks in Nguni (especially in Xhosa) are fairly superficial substitutions of Khoi consonants for normal Bantu ones, although a number of terms, especially those to do with divining and ritual, were taken over by the Xhosa-speakers from San.
	www.geocities.com /mogwana_artistes/culture.html (492 words)

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