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	Nicolas François Appert - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Appert patented his invention and established a business to preserve a variety of food in sealed bottles.
		Appert's method was as follows: He would fill thick, large-mouthed glass bottles with edibles of every description, ranging from beef, fowl, eggs, milk, and prepared dishes (according to sources, his largest success for publicity purposes was an entire mutton).
		Appert's early attempts at food preservation by boiling involves cooking the food to a temperature far in excess of what is used in pasteurization (70 C), and can destroy some of the flavor of the preserved food.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nicolas_Francois_Appert (464 words)

	Mendel Chapter 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Nicolas Appert was a chef, confectioner and distiller in the town of Chalons-sur-Marne when the French Revolution broke out.
		The principle that Appert discovered was that food such as soups, fruits, jams or stews could be prevented from decomposing it they were first sealed inside a bottle or jar and then immersed in boiling water for several hours.
		Appert could never explain why his method worked - he never knew, but the success of his discovery could not be denied.
	www.brooklyn.cuny.edu /bc/ahp/MBG/MBG4/Appert.html (511 words)

	Appert, Nicholas
		Appert’s most famous invention was mind boggling for his time and took him possibly 15 years to perfect.
		Nicholas Appert experimented with various packaging techniques and eventually found that food wouldn’t go “bad” when sealed in an airtight container and soaked in hot water for a few hours.
		Nicholas Appert’s invention was tremendous; however, there is very little documentation on his personal and spiritual life.
	www.hyperhistory.net /apwh/bios/b2appert.htm (347 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> canning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The French Army began experimenting with issuing tinned foods to its soldiers, but the slow process of tinning foods and the even slower development stage prevented the army from shipping large amounts around the Empire, and the war ended before the process could be perfected.
		Unfortunately for Appert, the factory which he had built with his prize money was burned down in 1814 by Allied soldiers invading France.
		Based on Appert's methods of food preservation the packaging of food in sealed airtight tin-plated wrought-iron cans was first patented by an Englishman, Peter Durand, in 1810.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/canning (723 words)

	Can do: a look at canned foods - theage.com.au
		French confectioner, Nicholas Appert had been experimenting for about 15 years with packing food into glass bottles, sealed with corks and submerged in boiling water.
		Appert's preserving process had great potential for export shipping and keeping sailors healthy on long voyages, but there was one drawback - the high percentage of glass breakages.
		Appert had received payment from the French government for the book, but forfeited any opportunity to patent his method.
	www.theage.com.au /articles/2002/10/29/1035683404985.html?from=storyrhs (947 words)

	History of Canning
		The prize was won in 1809 by Nicholas Appert, a Parisian confectioner, whose method of "appertisation" was the forerunner of canning as we know it today.
		Appert placed fresh products (meat, vegetables) in wide-mouthed glass jars which were then heated in a boiling water bath.
		Appert could not understand why his method prevented spoilage, the understanding was to come some 55 years later through the studies of another Frenchman, Louis Pasteur.
	www.johnwest.co.za /Canning.html (234 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		As his soldiers resorted to foraging for food on their own, Napoleon famously noted that an army "travels on its stomach." Military prowess and colonial expansion required that a way of keeping food unspoiled over distance and time be discovered.
		A jack of all trades, Appert used his experience as a former candy maker, vintner, chef, brewer and pickle maker to perfect his technique.
		After experimenting for 15 years, Appert successfully preserved food by partially cooking it, sealing it in bottles with cork stoppers and immersing the bottles in boiling water.
	www.cancentral.com /brochure/invention.htm (525 words)

	Radio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The canning process was invented in France in 1795 by Nicholas Appert, for which he won a prize offered by Napoleon for a way to prevent military food supplies from spoiling.
		Appert canned meats and vegetables in jars sealed with pitch.
		A number of inventions and improvements followed, among the most important were the retort that was patented by Nicholas Apperts son, Raymond Chevalier Appert, in 1852.
	www.norconserv.no /NCAS-Engelsk/Canning/History.htm (170 words)

	History of the Pressure Cooker
		Malnutrition was rampant among the 18th century French armed forces and as Napoleon prepared for his Russian campaign, he needed a better means to provide food for his troops, so he offered a prize of twelve thousand francs to someone that could find a way to preserve food.
		The process was invented in France in 1795 by Nicholas Appert, a Parisian candy maker won the prize of 12,000 francs offered by Napoleon for a way to prevent military food supplies from spoiling.
		Appert, called his method "appertisation", and he was the forerunner of canning as we know it today.
	missvickie.com /library/history.html (1597 words)

	Mealtime.org :: History of Canning Process
		Nicholas Appert conceived the idea of preserving food in bottles, like wine.
		After 15 years of experimentation, he realized if food is sufficiently heated and sealed in an airtight container, it will not spoil.
		The basic principles of canning have not changed dramatically since Nicholas Appert and Peter Durand developed the process.
	www.mealtime.org /default.aspx?id=328 (895 words)

	[No title]
		Nicholas Appert, a Parisian who had worked as a candy maker, chef, brewer, pickle maker and vintner, had an idea: Why not pack food in bottles like wine?
		Appert demonstrated his theory to Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte by sending samples of preserved foods to his army.
		Appert's samples, including partridges, vegetables and gravy, were sent with soldiers to sea for more than four months.
	www.cancentral.com /canc/nontext/history.htm (2510 words)

	Nicolas Appert
		Nicolas Appert was a French cook and inventor who developed the method of preserving food that we call canning.
		Napoleon had offered a prize of 12,000 francs to anyone who could come up with a method for preserving food that could be used by armies while on campaign.
		Appert spent 14 years working on his method, and was given the award.
	www.foodreference.com /html/wnicolasappert.html (199 words)

	CassensIFTaward.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Robert G. Cassens, emeritus professor of meat and animal science at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, has received the Nicholas Appert Award from the Institute of Food Technologists.
		Cassens received IFT's highest honor for advancing the field of food science through his research on the use of nitrite as a meat-curing agent, and for his defense of the safety of cured meat.
		The Nicholas Appert Award is the most prestigious award given by the 28,000-member IFT.
	www.cals.wisc.edu /media/news/08_99/CassensIFTaward.html (381 words)

	Philadelphia Rare Books and Manuscripts: Medicine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Appert’s technique had a revolutionary effect on the food distribution industry, and served as the foundation for canning in tin.
		The present work made his discoveries available to the public for the first time, with an engraved plate depicting various devices utilized in the experiments.
		An anti-counterfeiting statement on the reverse of the half-title bears Appert’s signature.
	www.prbm.com /interest/medicine-a-e.shtml (2332 words)

	A Tin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In 1795 the Napoleon’s government was offering 12 000 franks everybody who would be finding an effective way of saving food, especially for needs of army and navy.
		After these countless numbers of experiments he made a conclusion: If the food is shut in an air – tight covering, the air from the inner side is driven out and if the vessel is enough heated, in this way the food could wear well.
		Appert tests [partridges, vegetables and sauce] were put in the sea: for four months and 10 days.
	www.quido.cz /objevy/konzerva.a.htm (633 words)

	The History of Canning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In the 1790's, Nicholas Appert conceived the idea of preserving food in bottles, like wine.
		In about 1806 Appert's principles were successfully trialed by the French Navy on a wide range of foods including meat, vegetables, fruit and even milk.
		In 1810, an Englishman, Peter Durand, took the process one step farther and developed a method of sealing food into unbreakable tin containers, which was perfected by Bryan Dorkin and John Hall, who set up the first commercial canning factory in England in 1813.
	www.martinmathew.co.uk /canning.htm (937 words)

	History of canned foods
		Nicolas Appert, an obscure candy-maker, brewer, and baker took up the challenge.
		He had a theory that if fresh foods were put in airtight containers and sufficient heat applied, they would keep.
		Appert packed his foods in bottles, corked them, and submerged them in boiling water.
	www.mirabilis.ca /archives/000942.html (185 words)

	The best recipes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A Frenchman named Nicholas Appert is credited with the discovery of canning when he sealed and heated food in glass bottles to help Napoleon feed his troops.
		For this ingenious work, Appert won a prize of 12,000 francs, as well as the gratitude of generations to follow.
		Since Appert first started his experiments, two distinct types of canning have been developed: heating, or processing, in boiling water; and processing under steam pressure.
	www.markjcooking.com /recipex.php/16068 (482 words)

	08-01-02 OSU FOOD PRESERVATION PIONEER RECEIVES NATIONAL AWARD
		Farkas received the 2002 Nicholas Appert Award, the institute's prize for "preeminence in - and contributions to - the field of food technologyfor consistent, essentially lifetime, contributions to food science and technology."
		For the 2002 Appert award, Farkas received a $5,000 honorarium and a bronze plaque from the institute's Chicago chapter.
		The Appert Award is named for Nicholas Francois Appert, a Frenchman who invented the hot-water-bath canning method in 1795 at the request of the government, which was seeking a new method for extending the life of field rations and keeping the army healthy.
	oregonstate.edu /dept/ncs/newsarch/2002/Aug02/food.htm (696 words)

	History of Canning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The process was invented in France in 1795 by Nicholas Appert, a chef who was determined to win the prize of 12,000 francs offered by Napoleon for a way to prevent military food supplies from spoiling.
		Appert canned meats and vegetables in jars sealed with pitch and by 1804 opened his first vacuum-packing plant.
		Canning companies are experimenting with cans of thinner metal to permit shorter processing and give the food better flavor and texture.
	www.delmonte.com /news/cans1/body.htm (377 words)

	history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In the Appert process, the food was cooked in open kettles and placed in glass jars which were sealed by corks wired in place.
		By the 14th century, bigger heating furnaces with greater draft were producing pig-iron.
		Then, in 1809, for Napoleon's army to "march on its stomach", Nicholas Appert responded to the Emperor's food-packaging competition by inventing a suitable container, though not particularly as portable, strong or environmentally friendly as its modern descendants.
	www.btinternet.com /~antrimgrammar/apeal/subwhy/appert.htm (279 words)

	Canning
		Canning was invented in 1809 by the French confectioner Nicholas Appert.
		The process proved moderately successful and was gradually put into practice in other European countries and in the United States.
		A number of inventions and improvements followed, and by the 1860's, the time to process food in a can reduced from six hours to 30 minutes.
	www.knowledgefun.com /book/c/ca/canning.html (259 words)

	ACSH > Health Issues >
		In the 18th century, boiling was used to preserve meat extracts (1765-Spallanzani) and vinegar (1782-Scheele).[i] One of the greatest advances in food technology, canning, resulted from the work of a French confectioner by the name of Nicholas Appert in 1804.
		Appert found that by heating food in a metal container, and sealing it off from air, the food could be kept in an edible condition for a very long time.
		Appert submitted his technology and won the prize in 1809.
	www.acsh.org /healthissues/newsID.595/healthissue_detail.asp (2449 words)

	Georgia FACES
		Beuchat receives Nicholas Appert Award from Institute of Food Technologists.
		University of Georgia food microbiologist Larry Beuchat has received the 2004 Nicholas Appert Award from the Institute of Food Technologists.
		University of Georgia Food Microbiologist Larry Beuchat has received the Nicholas Appert Award from the Institute of Food Technologists.
	georgiafaces.caes.uga.edu /storypage.cfm?storyid=2235 (617 words)

	Appert Nicholas - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Appert Nicholas - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Appert, Nicholas (1749-1841), French chef and inventor who developed the modern process of preserving food by sterilizing it in sealed containers (...
		Help with Spanish, French, German, and Italian homework.
	au.encarta.msn.com /Appert_Nicholas.html (47 words)

	historyofcanning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In 1795, Nicholas Appert invented the process of canning fruits and vegetables.
		Nicholas invented a method to can meats and vegetables in jars in order for the meats or vegetables not to spoil.
		Then the jars where sealed and cooked in very hot water to kill the germs and bacteria that cause food to spoil.
	www.haywardareahistory.org /historyofcanning (186 words)

	::: Tinplate Promotion Council - Education :::::::..
		Tinplate cans have been used for food packaging since 1810 when a Frenchman, Nicholas Appert, responded to Napoleon's challenge to invent a method of preserving food for the French army.
		Appert succeeded, won his award, and now, almost two hundred years later, the tinplate can is one of the world's most used, reliable and recycled forms of packaging.
		It still performs the same basic function, but today's tinplate is also stronger, convenient to carry, tamper-proof and environmentally sound.
	www.tpcindia.org /education.htm (1181 words)

	history of the can, tin/aluminum canning and double-seaming
		Nicholas Appert (of France) devises an idea of packing food into special "bottles", like wine.
		Now nicknamed "father of canning", he receives the 12,000 Frank prize from the French government after he invents the method of preserving food through sterilization.
		Nicholas Appert (of France) publishes "Book for all households" which is translated and published in NY.
	www.qbyv.com /history.htm (947 words)

	Changing the face of food processing. \| Business (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		As the Little Corporal and later emperor remarked, "an army travels on its stomach." Neither his soldiers nor their stomachs were doing so well in 1795 when a lack of sate food put his world conquest plans in jeopardy.
		But Parisian Nicholas Appert claimed a government reward when he came up with the technique of canning (or retorting, essentially, since he first used glass containers).
		Indeed, much of the world exploration of the late 18th and early 19th centuries may not have been possible without the subsequent advances in the presentation and packaging of food, headlined by names like Louis Pasteur and Englishman Peter Durand.
	www.allbusiness.com /periodicals/article/253448-1.html (624 words)

	APPERT, BENJAMIN NICOL... - Online Information article about APPERT, BENJAMIN NICOL...
		- Online Information article about APPERT, BENJAMIN NICOL...
		Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.
		End of Article: APPERT, BENJAMIN NICOLAS MARIE (1797-1847)
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /APO_ARN/APPERT_BENJAMIN_NICOLAS_MARIE_1.html (418 words)

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