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	Nicholas Hawksmoor - Great Buildings Online
		Nicholas Hawksmoor was born in Nottinghamshire, England in 1661.
		Hawksmoor never visited Italy, but he researched the works of Antiquity, the Renaissance and the English Middle Ages.
		Although Hawksmoor actually designed few buildings, he acted as a capable colleague to the great architects of his time by providing them with a mastery and knowledge of the works and theories of past architects.
	www.greatbuildings.com /architects/Nicholas_Hawksmoor.html (240 words)

	Nicholas Hawksmoor (1661 - 1736) - British Architects - Resources - West Country Fires
		Nicholas Hawksmoor is famed for his role as the architectural assistant to Sir Christopher Wren and Sir John Vanbrugh rather than his individual achievements.
		Hawksmoor was an avid studier of architectural movements and was particularly interested in the Renaissance movement and Antiquity.
		Nicholas Hawksmoor is responsible for the two distinctive towers that are an extension of the lower Gothic section, at the western end of the Abbey.
	www.westcountryfires.co.uk /fireplaces_info/nicholas_hawksmoor.asp (0 words)

	Barbelith: Art: Hawksmoor
		Hawksmoor himself is largely unknowable; he left few letters, and all we know of his character is what can be drawn from his career: he was a genuine professional in an age of gentlemen amateurs, very highly regarded by his contemporaries, who was disappointed of the high offices which he expected and which he deserved.
		Hawksmoor was the author of many extraordinary designs for colleges and for urban planning, which featured immense oval chapels, public fora, colonnades, sweeping wings, and everywhere the giant columnar orders and strange architectural elements isolated on pedestals.
		The massive, recessed belfry stages weigh down upon the long body on the church, and are surmounted by perverse steeples which seem to lean away from the passerby, by strange pyramid-like structures, by classicised octagonal lanterns (both enclosed and open to the air), and by antiquarian attics.
	www.barbelith.com /cgi-bin/articles/00000054.shtml (0 words)

	nicholas hawksmoor
		Nicholas Hawksmoor was an architect who never found the fame of his employers and mentors Vanbrugh and Wren.
		Arousing mistrust and suspicion among his peers for a style that suggested ‘licentiousness’, ‘ornamental masquerade’, even a suspicion of ‘paganism’ in his executions, Hawksmoor was going out of fashion even before his death in 1736.
		Born to a Nottinghamshire farming family in 1661, Nicholas Hawksmoor became fascinated by architecture early.
	www.eastlondonhistory.com /hawksmoor.htm (0 words)

	Nicholas Hawksmoor Summary
		Hawksmoor was employed by Sir John Vanbrugh at Castle Howard, Yorkshire, from 1699 on and at Blenheim Palace from 1705, taking entire charge of the work there after Vanbrugh's final rupture with Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough, until its completion in 1725.
		Hawksmoor was of lowly station in life, dourly reserved and self-effacing, and somewhat embittered by his failure to achieve worldly success.
		Hawksmoor was characterized by Howard Colvin as "more assured in his command of the classical vocabulary than the untrained Vanbrugh, more imaginative in his vision than the intellectual Wren." From about 1684 to about 1700 Hawksmoor worked with his teacher, Christopher Wren, on projects including Chelsea Hospital, St.
	www.bookrags.com /Nicholas_Hawksmoor (993 words)

	The Friends of Christ Church Spitalfields \| Hawksmoor
		Nicholas Hawksmoor was born at East Drayton, Nottinghamshire, probably in 1661 (or, according to some authorities, 1666).
		In the 1710s, Hawksmoor became associated with work for the Universities of both Oxford and Cambridge, and as well as designs for individual buildings he made proposals for re-planning quite large parts of the centres of both cities.
		In the final fifteen years of his life Hawksmoor was responsible for the rebuilding of All Souls College, Oxford where he developed his own version of a gothic style; completing work at Blenheim and, succeeding Wren as Surveyor to Westminster Abbey, re-casing its west towers.
	www.christchurchspitalfields.org /v2/hawksmoor/hawksmoor.shtml (613 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Nicholas Hawksmoor (probably 1661 - 25 March 1736) was a British architect born to a humble family in Nottinghamshire.
		Hawksmoor was characterized by Howard Colvin as "more assured in his command of the classical vocabulary than the untrained Vanbrugh, more imaginative in his vision than the intellectual Wren." From about 1684 to about 1700 Hawksmoor worked with his teacher, Christopher Wren, on projects including Chelsea Hospital, St.
		Hawksmoor is the subject of a poem by Iain Sinclair called 'Nicholas Hawksmoor: His Churches' which appeared in Sinclair's collection of poems Lud Heat (1975).
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Nicholas_Hawksmoor (892 words)

	Hawksmoor: postscript
		Peter Ackroyd's Hawksmoor is a macabre seventeenth-century disciple of Satan, who sacrifices a human life for each church he builds – the sacred ground is desecrated, or consecrated again, in the spirit of the devil, by murdering an innocent human being and committing the body to the foundations of the church.
		Hawksmoor, the twentieth-century inspector of Scotland Yard, is confronted with a series of murders he cannot solve.
		The real seventeenth-century Hawksmoor was far from a disciple of Satan – Ackroyd made that up – but the suggestion that his churches, and the place they stand on, have a deeper meaning could have been drawn from reality.
	www.xs4all.nl /~josdb/hawkpost.html (617 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Nicholas Hawksmoor (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Nicholas Hawksmoor (1661-1736) was Britain's greatest baroque architect.
		During that time, Hawksmoor was named Clerk of the Works at Kensington Palace (1689) and Deputy Surveyor of Works at Greenwich (1705).
		Hawksmoor conceived the idea of a round library for the Radcliffe Camera but did not design that building himself.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/ni/Nicholas_Hawksmoor (229 words)

	Nicholas Hawksmoor - LoveToKnow 1911
		NICHOLAS HAWKSMOOR (1661-1736), English architect, of Nottinghamshire birth, became a pupil of Sir Christopher Wren at the age of eighteen, and his name is intimately associated with those of Wren and Sir J. Vanbrugh in the English architecture of his time.
		Hawksmoor appears, however, to have been responsible for the early Gothic designs of the two towers of All Souls' (Oxford) north quadrangle, and the library and other features at Queen's College (Oxford).
		At the close of Queen Anne's reign he had a principal part in the scheme for building fifty new churches in London, and himself designed five or six of them, including St Mary Woolnoth (1716-1719) and St George's, Bloomsbury (1720-1730).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Nicholas_Hawksmoor (211 words)

	Nicholas Hawksmoor - Encyclopedia.com
		Hawksmoor, Nicholas 1661-1736, English architect involved in the development of most of the great buildings of the English baroque.
		Under the act of 1711, Hawksmoor was appointed one of the architects to design 50 churches in London.
		Hawksmoor heaven: a forgotten masterpiece lies neglected in the heart of London.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Hawksmoo.html (629 words)

	Nicholas Hawksmoor - MedPort-Lexikon
		Nicholas Hawksmoor (* 1661, &dagger; 1736) war ein englischer Architekt des Barock.
		Nicholas Hawksmoor wurde als Sohn einer Bauernsfamilie in Nottinghamshire geboren.
		1702 machte sich Hawksmoor als Architekt selbstständig und kombinierte in seinen Arbeiten klassische Elemente des Barock, Ideen seines Lehrmeisters Vanbrugh und Vorgaben aus der römischen Antike sowie der Gotik.
	www.medport.de /lexikon/index.php/Nicholas_Hawksmoor (324 words)

	[Nicholas Hawksmoor]
		Nicholas Hawksmoor was one of Britain's greatest architects and the most underrated of them all.
		Yet Hawksmoor was diffident in the extreme, a man who seemed, at the least, unwilling to blow his own trumpet.
		Chrisopher Wren was on the Commission and Hawksmoor was one of the surveyors.
	shibuya.cool.ne.jp /beze/maze/Hawksmoor.html (928 words)

	Hawksmoor's Mausoleum and Obelisk, Castle Howard
		Nicholas Hawksmoor was a key figure in the design of the spectacular Castle Howard, even if the commissioned architect was in fact Sir John Vanbrugh.
		Nicholas Hawksmoor designed by himself the Mausoleum and Obelisk on the grounds -- while in other works he acted as an indispensible advisor for Vanbrugh.
		Hawksmoor had to use all of his considerable knowledge in arguing against the prevailing architectural pedants to get the mausoleum built as he wished it to be.
	www.darkshire.net /~jhkim/rpg/ripper/hawksmoor/howard.html (725 words)

	Nicholas Hawksmoor: Rebuilding Ancient Wonders. (Monumental Faith).(Book Review) (book review) - Encyclopedia.com
		Like Soane, Hawksmoor was rediscovered in the twentieth century when the starkness and originality of both architects exercised a special appeal.
		Hart's enthralling study now claims that Hawksmoor gave permanent monumental form in many styles to the fundamental beliefs of his time: Christianity, Monarchy, Trade, Reason, Liberty, and Freemasonry, against a background of expanding scientific and geographic horizons in which attempts were made to reconcile faith with modern science.
		Admiring the masonry construction of the mediaeval cathedrals as a patriotic national style, Hawksmoor emulated this in his Gothic work at Westminster Abbey and All Souls' College, and indeed in his predilection for blocks of masonry in his Classical buildings.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1G1-97232999.html (273 words)

	Londonist: Londonist Stalks…Nicholas Hawksmoor (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Much of Hawksmoor’s work is now lost: the nave was gutted during the second world war, and the original spire has been encased in a later structure.
		Hawksmoor’s church almost suffered the same fate as the Wren predecessor in the early 1900s, when it was due to be dismantled to make way for Bank Tube station.
		Hawksmoor also made contributions to several other London churches, most notably the obelisk-topped St Luke's LSO building near Old Street.
	www.londonist.com /archives/2006/04/londonist_stalk_9.php (1008 words)

	Hawksmoor - Research the news about Hawksmoor - from HighBeam Research
		Hawksmoor the hero; His London churches have inspired novelists and poets, but only now has a new book done the 18th century architect justice.
		Return to splendour For years Hawksmoor's Christ Church in Spitalfields was neglected - but saved from redevelopment by the poverty of the area.
		The Modern English Visionary: Peter Ackroyd's Hawksmoor and Angela Carter's The Passion of New Eve.
	www.highbeam.com /search.aspx?q=Hawksmoor,&ref_id=ency_botnm (1221 words)

	hawksmoor.html (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hawksmoor and Vanbrugh were more than mere disciples of Wren; they in fact "freely and inventively develop his vigorous, expansive, Anglicanized-baroque style, with great insistence upon movement, drama, and display" (The Eighteenth Century: The Intellectual and Cultural Context of English Literature 1700-1789).
		Hawksmoor's Roman Mausoleum (1729-38) on the grounds of Castle Howard is considered to be one of his finest achievements.
		Apart from the Roman Mausoleum, the best Hawksmoor architecture is represented in his London churches build under Queen Anne's Act of 1711.
	www.faculty.de.gcsu.edu /~rviau/ids/Artworks/hawksmoor.html (168 words)

	Nicholas Hawksmoor
		Many of Hawksmoor's churches have had a violent history surronding them (Jack the Ripper in Spitalfields) and today the churches seem to attract more than their share of down and outs supping cans of Tennents super.
		Hawksmoor's only church technically within the City of London (built 1716-1724) Built above and the smallest of his six London churches.
		Chrisopher Wren was on the Commission and Hawksmoor was one of the surveyors.
	www.users.globalnet.co.uk /~mhd/nh.htm (677 words)

	hy1028-hawksmoor
		Hawksmoor never visited Italy, but he researched the works of Antiquity, the Renaissance and the English Middle Ages.
		Although Hawksmoor actually designed few buildings, he acted as a capable colleague to the great architects of his time by providing them with a mastery and knowledge of the works and theories of past architects.
		Christ Church is one of the fifty new churches, commissioned by the Act of Parliament of 1711 to be built on open sites in outlying areas of the City of London, which were experiencing rapid growth.
	users.bathspa.ac.uk /hy1028/hy1028-hawksmoor.htm (404 words)

	ThothWeb - Nicholas Hawksmoor: The 'devil's architect' (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It has taken nearly 250 years for Nicholas Hawksmoor to emerge from the shadows of his more famous collaborators, Christopher Wren and John Vanbrugh, and despite his ascent up the league of great British architects, there is still something of the night about him.
		Peter Ackroyd built on this myth a decade later with his murder thriller Hawksmoor; and more recently, graphic novelist Alan Moore threw his pointy hat into the ring with the encyclopaedic From Hell, in which Hawksmoor, the Ripper, freemasonry and the monarchy were conflated into a grand Victorian conspiracy.
		Hawksmoor modelled the pyramid itself on descriptions of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of the seven wonders of the world.
	www.thothweb.com /article-3931--0-0.html (1792 words)

	Nicholas Hawksmoor
		Along the way Hawksmoor acquired a number of posts which speak to his developing skill; in 1689 he was named Clerk of the Works at Kensington Palace, and in 1705 Deputy Surveyor of Works at Greenwich.
		On the ecclesiastical front, Hawksmoor was responsible for 6 new churches in London, built to serve the expanding London suburbs.
		It is perhaps unfortunate that Nicholas Hawksmoor had such a famous master, for he deserves to be remembered for his own abilities as one of the finest British architects of any era.
	www.britainexpress.com /History/hawksmoor.htm (541 words)

	Sacred Architecture Journal \| Hawksmoor's London Churches
		Hawksmoor was an apprentice of Sir Christopher Wren and learned from him a love of history.
		That Hawksmoor, himself a commissioner, was familiar with these writings is evidenced by the marginalia in certain of his plans and elevations.
		And, writes Du Prey, “Hawksmoor’s interpretation of history as a continuum may not be all that garbled.” He describes how the architect “as smoothly as he could...
	www.sacredarchitecture.org /pubs/saj/books/hawksmoor.php (764 words)

	Nicholas Hawksmoor - Definition, explanation
		Hawksmoor was characterized by Howard Colvin as "more assured in his command of the classical vocabulary than the untrained Vanbrugh, more imaginative in his vision than the intellectual Wren." From about 1684 to about 1700 Hawksmoor worked with his teacher, Christopher Wren, on projects including Chelsea Hospital, St.
		In 1718, when Wren was superseded by the new, amateur Surveyor, William Benson, Hawksmoor was deprived of his double post to provide places for Benson's brother, a bitter blow.
		Perhaps fortunately, it was not completed as he intended, for the symmetrical unexecuted flanking wings and entrance colonnade were very much in the style of John Vanbrugh; whereas the house as it stands is pure innovative Hawksmoor at his finest.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/n/ni/nicholas_hawksmoor.php (807 words)

	Nicholas Hawksmoor, London, Architect
		Nicholas Hawksmoor is regarded by most people as being one of England's greatest architects alongside Sir Christopher Wren and Sir John Vanbrugh.
		Hawksmoor's style was more robust and stark than Wren's delicate and ornate tradition.
		Nicholas Hawksmoor was in my view a very bold and talented figure and deserves to be better known amongst non-architects.
	www.e-architect.co.uk /architects/nicholas_hawksmoor.htm (145 words)

	Nicholas Hawksmoor
		He took part in much of the work done by Wren and Vanbrugh, and it is difficult often to assign among them the credit for the designs of various features.
		Hawksmoor appears, however, to have been responsible for the early Gothic designs of the two towers of All Souls' (Oxford) north quadrangle, and the library and other features at Queen's College (Oxford).
		At the close of Queen Anne's reign he had a principal part in the scheme for building fifty new churches in London, and himself designed five or six of them, including St. Mary Woolnoth (1716-19) and St. George's, Bloomsbury (1720-30).
	www.nndb.com /people/195/000101889 (209 words)

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