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	Nicholas II of Russia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nicholas was born in Saint Petersburg, the eldest son of Emperor Alexander III and Maria Fyodorovna (born Princess Dagmar of Denmark).
		Nicholas fell in love with Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine, a daughter of Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, the latter a daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.
		A portrait of Nicholas II Following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria by Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Serb nationalist association known as the Black Hand, in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914, Nicholas vacillated as to Russia's course.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia (3585 words)

	Nicholas II (pope) - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		NICHOLAS II., pope from December 1058 to July 1061, was a Burgundian named Gerard, who at the time of his election was bishop of Florence.
		Pope Nicholas, moreover, had offended the German bishops by what they regarded as arbitrary interference with their rights: he had refused to send the pallium of Archbishop Siegfried of Mainz; he had sent a sharp letter of admonition to Archbishop Anno of Cologne.
		The resulting opposition culminated in a synod of German bishops, perhaps early in 1061 (its date and place of meeting are unknown), at which the decrees of the pope, including the new electoral law, were annulled, while he himself was deposed and his name ordered to be expunged from the canon of the Mass.
	38.1911encyclopedia.org /N/NI/NICHOLAS_II_.htm (443 words)

	Pope Nicholas II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nicholas II (died July 19 or July 27, 1061), born Gérard de Bourgogne, Pope from 1059 to July 1061, was at the time of his election the Bishop of Florence.
		Nicholas II was set up by Hildebrand, with the support of the empress-regent Agnes of Poitou and of the powerful Godfrey III, Duke of Lower Lorraine, against antipope Benedict X (1058–59), the nominee of the Roman nobles.
		He was crowned as Pope Nicholas II at Rome after the expulsion of Benedict X, on January 24, 1059.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Nicholas_II (472 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Nicholas II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Nicholas II, né Gerard of Burgundy (died either July 19 or July 27, 1061), pope from December 1058 to July 1061, was at the time of his election Bishop of Florence.
		But Nicholas did not understand (since he had little input from the common people) how suspicious the common people were of his wife, both because she was German by birth and because of her affiliation with Rasputin, who was widely seen as a lecherous charlatan and a harmful influence on state policy.
		Nicholas, Alexandra, and their five children remained in the royal residence The Alexander Palace, with decreasing staff until they were moved to Tobolsk in Siberia in August 1917, an effort by the struggling Kerensky government to keep them safer than was possible in Tsarskoe Selo.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Nicholas-II (350 words)

	Nicholas II of Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Emperor Nicholas II Nicholas II Emperor and Autocrat of All (6 May 1868 to 4 July 1918 in the Julian Calendar or 18 May 1868 to 17 July 1918 in the Gregorian Calendar) was the last Emperor of Russia.
		Nicholas was generally as too soft by his hard demanding who not anticipating his own premature death nothing to prepare his son for the that would one day be his.
		Nicholas fell in love with Princess Alix Hesse and by Rhine a granddaughter of Queen Victoria but his father did not approve match hoping instead for a marriage with princess of the House of Orléans to Russia's newfound alliance with the French Republic.
	www.freeglossary.com /Nicholas_II_of_Russia (2341 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Nicholas II of Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Tsarevich Alexei (1904-1918) Tsesarevich Alexei Nikolaevich (Russian:) (July 30 (OS)/August 12 (NS), 1904 â€“ July 17, 1918), of the House of Romanov, was Tsesarevich of Russia and was the youngest child of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and Alexandra Fyodorovna.
		Nicholas II, Nicholas Alexandrovich Romanov, Russian: Nikolai II (May 6, 1868 - July 16, 1918) was the last Emperor of Russia and of the Romanov Dynasty.
		Nicholas abdicated in favour of his brother, who is sometimes referred to as Michael II but who did not reign.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Nicholas-II-of-Russia (1450 words)

	Alexander Palace Time Machine - Nicholas II
		Nicholas was intelligent enough to realise the probably of his assassination was quite high.
		Nicholas was a deeply religious and generally solitary person, who loved the faithful companionship of his dogs to the company of state ministers.
		Nicholas was a hard worker and diligent about state business, although his accomplishments where severely limited by his tendency to focus on detail rather than the big picture.
	www.alexanderpalace.org /palace/AlexPalaceNRbio.html (1561 words)

	First World War.com - Who's Who - Tsar Nicholas II
		Tsar Nicholas II (1868-1918) - Russia's last emperor - was born on 18 May 1868 in Tsarskoe Selo.
		Nicholas succeeded his father's throne, Alexander III, when the later died from liver disease on 20 October 1894.
		Nicholas II was persuaded to abdicate on 15 March 1917 under the recommendation of the Russian Army High Command.
	www.firstworldwar.com /bio/nicholasii.htm (857 words)

	Nicholas II
		In 1902 Nicholas II appointed the reactionary Vyacheslav Plehve as his Minister of the Interior.
		In September 1915, Nicholas II assumed supreme command of the Russian Army fighting on the Eastern Front.
		Nicholas and his family were moved to the remote Siberian city of Ekaterinburg where he was held captive by a group of Bolsheviks.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /FWWtsar.htm (3133 words)

	Photographs of Russian Tsar Nicholas II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Nicholas II reviewing the Life Guard Uhlan Regiment of His Majesty, the emperor wearing the uniform of the regiment, Peterhof, May 11, 1910, 5 3/8 x 8 1/4 in.
		Rare photograph of Nicholas II and empress Maria Feodorovna (his mother and Chief of the regiment) reviewing the Chevalier Guard Regiment of Her Majesty Empress Maria Feodorovna, circa 1910, cossacks of His Majesty's Own Convoy standing behind the emperor.
		Nicholas II and king of Saxony Friedrich-August III wearing the uniform of the Lief Guard Cuirassier regiment reviewing the guard of honour at the Tsarskoe Selo railway station on June 6, 1914.
	www.romanovrussia.com /NIImilPH.html (194 words)

	Russian Lacquer Box - Nicholas II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Nicholas II Alexandrovich (1868-1918), the last tsar of Russia, was the older son of emperor Alexander III and came to the throne after the death of his father in 1894.
		Nicholas II received a good home education and was a well-mannered man. He was modest and simple in personal life.
		In 1918, after the socialist revolution was underway, Nicholas II and his family were moved moved to the city of Ekaterinburg where on one July night, they were all executed by a Bolshevik firing squad in the basement of a house.
	www.lacquerbox.com /TSN2.HTM (763 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Nicholas II
		To this end Nicholas II held in the Lateran at Easter, 1059 a synod attended by one hundred and thirteen bishops and famous for its law concerning papal elections.
		At the end of June, 1059, Nicholas proceeded to Monte Cassino and thence to Melfi, the capital of Norman Apulia, where he held an important synod and concluded the famous alliance with the Normans (July-August, 1059).
		Duke Robert Guiscard was invested with the sovereignty of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily in case he should reconquer it from the Saracens; he bound himself, in return, to pay an annual tribute, to hold his lands as the pope's vassal, and to protect the Roman See, its possessions, and the freedom of papal elections.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11055a.htm (1457 words)

	NICHOLAS II
		Gerard was elected and enthroned as Nicholas II.
		The main blow struck for reform by Nicholas was the promulgation of new papal election decrees at a synod held at Rome in 1059.
		A German synod dared to condemn the decrees and declare Nicholas II deposed.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp153.htm (555 words)

	Nicholas II - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Nicholas II also attempted to restore a common life for cathedral clergy and to eliminate the abuse and alienation of ecclesiastical property.
		Nicholas II The Oxford Dictionary of Popes; 1/1/1996; J. 864 words
		The last Czar Nicholas II: the heir of Russia's once powerful Romanov dynasty fell victim to bad decisions, bad luck, and the tide of history.(World History)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/N/Nichls2.asp (218 words)

	Russian Tsar Nicholas II - Find it on Collectors-Best.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Nicholas II(6) Bernard Pares knew Nicholas II and Sergei Sazonov during the summer of 1914.
		Nicholas IINICHOLAS II (NIKOLAI ALEXANDROVICH) 1868-1918 EMPEROR OF ALL RUSSIA 1894-1917 Nicholas II, the last Russian Emperor, was the eldest son of Alexander III and was born on May 6, 1868.
		Tsar Nicholas II of RussiaTsar Nicholas II Nicholas Alexandrovich Romanov was born May 18, 1868 (NS) to Tsar Alexander III and Empress Marie Fedorovna of Russia.
	www.collectors-best.com /russian/ii-nicholas-tsar/l20p4006.html (496 words)

	Nicholas II - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Nicholas II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Portrait of the daughters of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, taken c.
		The last tsar of Russia, Nicholas II, pictured in July 1917.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Nicholas%20II (309 words)

	The Last Tsar: The Life and Death of Nicholas II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Most interesting of all is the love story between Nicholas and his former mistress, Mathilde Kschessinka, who years later would meet a woman claiming to be the daughter of the Tsar (Anna Anderson) and she would recognize her as his daughter because of the Emperors look.
		Alix to Nicholas, during the war: "we were occupied all morning---during an operation a soldier died...the girls were brave---they...had never seen a death." (Nov 25, 1914).
		Nicholas, I think, appreciated this ironic smile of fate." The author also states that the murder of the tsar and his family in Ekaterinburg "had been decided upon from the very start" (ie., upon arrival there); and that some Bolsheviks attempted to manufacture an incident that would justify their elimination.
	www.sportsreading.com /The_Last_Tsar__The_Life_and_Death_of_Nicholas_II_0385469624.html (1147 words)

	MANNERHEIM - Military Career - Nicholas II
		Nicholas succeeded his father Alexander III to the throne in November 1894.
		Nicholas and his spouse Alexandra were crowned in Moscow on 25 May, 1896, and Mannerheim participated in the celebration in the ranks of the Body Guard.
		Mannerheim regarded Nicholas II as a weak and irresolute ruler.
	www.mannerheim.fi /05_s_ura/e_nikol2.htm (161 words)

	Cultural Catholic - Pope Nicholas II
		Pope Nicholas II was a reform prelate and set controls for the election and conduct of popes by assembling a synod of 113 bishops on April 13, 1059 whose first order of business was to declare the election of Pope Benedict X unconstitutional.
		The papal electoral decree was issued in Pope Nicholas II’s bull, In nominee Domini on April 13,1059 and was renewed in 1061.
		Pope Nicholas II died in Florence on July 27, 1061, and was buried in the Cathedral of Santa Reparata now the Duomo.
	www.culturalcatholic.com /PopeNicholasII.htm (385 words)

	Nicholas II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Nicholas II Nicholas II, the last Russian Emperor, was the eldest son of Alexander III and was born on May 6, 1868.
		According to contemporaries, Nicholas was gentle and approachable.
		In foreign policy, Nicholas II took steps to stabilize the international situation, initiating two peace congresses at The Hague.
	www2.sptimes.com /Treasures/TC.2.3.19.html (364 words)

	First World War.com - Primary Documents - Tsar Nicholas II's Abdication Proclamation, 2 March 1917
		The Russian Tsar, Nicholas II, signed his enforced abdication (in favour of Grand Duke Mikhail, who effectively declined power) on 15 March 1917 (2 March in the Julian calendar) at 3.05 p.m.
		We direct Our brother to conduct the affairs of state in full and inviolable union with the representatives of the people in the legislative bodies on those principles which will be established by them, and on which He will take an inviolable oath.
		NICHOLAS II A "British warm" was a heavy issue greatcoat for officers.
	www.firstworldwar.com /source/nicholasiiabdication.htm (344 words)

	Expenses of Nicholas II - Alexander Palace Time Machine
		Imperial vendors usually had a long tradition of supplying the court and Nicholas was often saddled with suppliers with little regard to his own personal tastes or desires.
		However, Nicholas had very conservative - almost passive - tastes which resulted from years of upbringing in the Romanov tradition of accepting whatever food or suit of clothes was laid before you.
		In 1903 barber Maulle served Nicholas II and was paid 795 r.
	www.alexanderpalace.org /palace/nexpenses.html (1769 words)

	God's Anointed Sufferer Tsar-Martyr Nicholas II
		The battle against Tsar Nicholas II was clearly bound up with the battle against God and faith.
		He was very much the "servant of the Gospel": he was required to live by it and rule by it in order to be worthy of the blessings of God upon himself, his family, and his nation.
		In Orthodox teaching, Tsar Nicholas was the last representative of lawful Christian authority in the world, the last one to restrain the mystery of iniquity (2 Thess.
	www.roca.org /OA/14/14c.htm (1152 words)

	Pope nicholas ii - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Start the Pope nicholas ii article or add a request for it.
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	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/pope_nicholas_ii (188 words)

	NICHOLAS AND EI>
		The ambiguity of this arrangement is typical not only of Ei's dealings with foreign men but of all her later adventures, and, indeed, it is the reason for the peculiar blend of admiration and derision with which she has always been viewed in Nagasaki.
		Nicholas II, who by this time had ascended to the throne, was vying for Russian access to the Pacific.
		In the early hours of July 30, Nicholas and his family were brutally murdered in the basement of a house in the western Siberian town of Sverdlovsk, and the bodies were dumped into an abandoned mine shaft.
	www.uwosh.edu /home_pages/faculty_staff/earns/nick&ei.html (3852 words)

	Funeral of Nicholas II Romanov in St. Petersburg, Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Nicholas II and his family will be buried in
		Nicholas II Romanov ruled Russia from 1895 to 1917 and lost power during Russia's February Revolution, when in the spring of 1917 he had to abdicate.
		Nicholas II is such a big and controversial event, heavy policing of the city will be introduced in order to prevent public disturbances and terrorist attacks.
	www.cityvision2000.com /events/romanovs_funeral.htm (721 words)

	Trenches on the Web - Bio: Czar Nicholas II of Russia
		Unlike the rest of the Romanov men, Nicholas was not a very big man. The other men were always very intimidating; Nicholas however, was a mere 5' 6 tall.
		Nicholas had a nervous habit of always brushing his thick mustache with the back of his hand.
		She was not seen as the type of woman with the strong qualities needed in an Empress to be.
	www.worldwar1.com /biorczar.htm (721 words)

	The Abdication of Nicholas II
		The English translation of the abdication manifesto of Nicholas II.
		Nicholas rerouted the trip to the HQ of the Northern Army led by Adjutant-General Nikolai Ruzski (1854-1918, executed by the Bolsheviks in Piatigorsk) in Pskov.
		On the 14th of March the train arrived at the station where the reception was icy.
	www.histdoc.net /history/abdic.html (809 words)

	Св. Николаевский Кафедральный собор - St. Nicholas Cathedral Home Page
		Nicholas Cathedral was founded by Russian immigrants who fled the Communism that invaded their homeland after the 1917 Russian Revolution.
		Our church was consecrated by Archbishop Tikhon of Western America on December 19, 1937, formally dedicated to St. Nicholas the Wonderworker of Myra in Lycia and designated as a memorial to the martyred Czar Nicholas II, his family and all the Russian soldiers and people who died defending their faith, czar and country.
		Many were rescued from refugee camps on the island of Tubabao in the Philippines by the efforts of St. John of Shanghai and San Francisco.
	www.saintnicholascathedral.org (383 words)

	Coins & Medals of Imperial Russia: Nicholas II
		Nicholas II probably would have been a relatively good ruler in more auspicious and tranquil times.
		The unfortunate Czar and his wife, the Empress Alexandra, four daughters and son, the Czarevich Alexei, were executed by the Bolsheviks in 1918, following the disaster of World War I and the two Russian revolutions of 1917.
		The Russians provided the French and the Belgians with hubs or dies for the coinage they produced, so that one can distinguish the foreign-minted coinage by looking at the edge of the coin: a single star for Paris and two stars for Brussels.
	www.library.yale.edu /slavic/coins/html/nicholas2.html (338 words)

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