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Topic: Mercator, Nicholas

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	Observer review: Mercator by Nicholas Crane \| By genre \| Guardian Unlimited Books
		Mercator's name is most familiar to us because of the Mercator Projection: the solution he devised to represent the spheroidal surface of the globe on a two-dimensional plane.
		It is less well known that Mercator was the first man to conceive of mapping the entire surface of the planet or that he pioneered the idea of presenting multiple maps in bound books, to which he gave the name 'Atlas'.
		The town's riparian location meant that, like Joseph Conrad's Marlowe, Mercator's geographical imagination was nourished by the ships which passed to and from the rest of the world, and by the exotic stories and objects which found their way to the Rupelmonde wharves.
	books.guardian.co.uk /reviews/biography/0,6121,742135,00.html (780 words)

	[No title]
		Mercator examined data from observations of the variation of the compass needle and its declinations “at the island of Walcheren and at Danzig” (Crane, p 146) in order to plot and chart the location of the magnetic north pole in about 1546.
		Mercator demonstrated on his globe of 1541 that a constant-true-heading course in the Northern hemisphere (such as C045T) results in a course that spirals slowly to the North pole, a new insight at that time.
		Mercator’s projection continues to be the chart and map-making standard for the regional maps of the world with the exception of polar regions where gnomonic charts are used.
	home.att.net /~pfrswr/crane_02.doc (1282 words)

	Gerard Mercator
		In 1538 appeared Mercator's map of the world in north and south hemispheres, which was rediscovered in 1878 in New York; this work shows Ptolemy's influence still dominant over Mercatorian cartography.
		Mercator early began to incline towards Protestantism; in 1533 he had retired for a time from Louvain to Antwerp, partly to avoid inquiry into his religious beliefs; in 1544 he was arrested and prosecuted for heresy, but escaped serious consequences (two of the forty-two arrested with him were burnt, one beheaded, two buried alive).
		In 1554 Mercator published his great map of Europe in six sheets, three or four of which had already been pretty well worked out at Louvain; a copy of this was rediscovered at Breslau in 1889.
	www.nndb.com /people/636/000038522 (786 words)

	Gerardus Mercator Summary
		Mercator was born Gerhard Kremer in Rupelmonde, Flanders, on March 5, 1512.
		Mercator was born Gerhard Kremer on March 5, 1512, in Rupelmonde, Flanders, and changed his name when he became a student at the University of Louvain in 1530.
		Mercator's 1569 world map was one part of his plan of publications that began the same year with the publishing of a chronology of the world from its creation to 1568, followed, in 1578, by the publication of 27 maps originally prepared by the Greek geographer Ptolemy with corrections and commentary by Mercator.
	www.bookrags.com /Gerardus_Mercator (4618 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: False Decretals
		Two cardinals, John of Torquemada (1468) and Nicholas of Cusa (1464), declared the earlier documents to be forgeries, especially those purporting to be by Clement and Anacletus.
		The claim of Nicholas I ought to have been supported by texts from the fifth and sixth centuries; and in the case in question his object was much more creditable than the reasons he gave in support of it.
		But from all that has been said we must conclude that Nicholas I took none of his essential ideas from Isidore, and that any influence he did exercise on that pope was too insignificant to be taken into account in a pontificate so filled with enterprises of daring and of moment.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/05773a.htm (9589 words)

	washingtonpost.com: Location, Location
		Nicholas Crane brings the great cartographer to life in an engaging biography carefully constructed by integrating Mercator's known accomplishments with key social, military, political and meteorological events of 16th-century Europe.
		In 1552, weary of religious strife in Flanders, Mercator moved his family to Duisburg, in Germany, to begin a second life at age 40.
		Denied the convenience of logarithms and calculus, which had not been invented, Mercator developed its rectilinear grid of meridians and parallels by transferring rhumb lines from a globe.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A1121-2003Jan30?language=printer (1108 words)

	Mercator: The Man Who Mapped the Planet
		Born at the dawn of the age of discovery, Gerhard Mercator lived in an era of formidable intellectual and scientific advances.
		Mercator was the greatest of all of them-a poor farm boy who attended one of Europe's top universities, was persecuted and imprisoned by the Inquisition, but survived to coin the term atlas and to produce the so-called projection for which he is known.
		Nicholas Crane-a fellow geographer-has combined a keen eye for historical detail with a gift for vivid storytelling to produce a masterful biography of the man who mapped the planet.
	www.railroadbookstore.com /rrbooks/Detailed/819.html (294 words)

	History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Nicholas was thought to have journeyed in these northern lands around Greenland circa 1360, returning to Bergen in 1364 in the company of 8 others.
		As Norway/Sweden had inccurred great debt due to internal strife during the early 14th century, it may be that Hakkon expanded the context of the mission to include the exploration of new and exploitable lands, or (as the Inuits bear some resemblance to Mongols) to seek a route to Cathay.
		If this were the case (and this is highly speculative) it would be beneficial for them to hire a geographer with an astrolabe such as Nicholas.
	www.geocities.com /m_zalar/history.html (322 words)

	Hemispheres Antique Maps & Prints - Individual Map Details
		As stated in the title, this map is by Gerard Mercator's grandson, Gerard Mercator Jr.
		Much of the interior of Africa defers to the traditions of Ptolemy; the Nile river is shown with the two lakes and the Mountains of the Moon across southern Africa.
		For example, Mercator shows Portuguese exploration up the Cuama (Zambezi) River into the interior of south central Africa in the region of Monomotapa or Benamataxa, as he named it on his map.
	www.betzmaps.com /AF-396.html (327 words)

	Antique Map Cartographers and Atlases by antique map dealer Mapcarte offering views of Africa, the British Isles, the ...
		Nicholas was a prolific producer of over 600 sheet maps, wall maps and atlases.
		Mercator was born Gerard Kremer in 1512 in Rupelmonde, on the banks of the Schelde river in Flanders and studied in Louvain (both in modern Belgium).
		Mercator’s map plates were bought in 1604 by Jodocus Hondius who, with his sons, Jodocus II and Henricus, published enlarged editions, which dominated the map market for a quarter of a century thereafter.
	mapcarte.com /cartographers.html (4537 words)

	Nicholas Mercator - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nicholas (Nikolaus) Mercator (c.1620 Eutin-1687 Versailles), also known by his Germanic name Kauffmann, was a 17th-century mathematician.
		It was also in this treatise that the first known use of the term natural log for the natural log appears, in the Latin form log naturalis; his use of this term is somewhat surprising, since it predates the development of calculus, in which the most natural properties of this logarithm appear.
		To the field of music he contributed the first precise account of 53 equal temperament, which was of theoretical importance, but not widely practiced.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nicholas_Mercator (183 words)

	Some Contemporaries of Descartes, Fermat, Pascal and Huygens
		Antoine de Laloubère, a Jesuit, born in Languedoc in 1600 and died at Toulouse in 1664, is chiefly celebrated for an incorrect solution of Pascal's problems on the cycloid, which he gave in 1660, but he has a better claim to distinction in having been the first mathematician to study the properties of the helix.
		Nicholas Mercator (sometimes known as Kauffmann) was born in Holstein about 1620, but resided most of his life in England.
		He went to France in 1683, where he designed and constructed the fountains at Versailles, but the payment agreed on was refused unless he would turn Catholic; he died of vexation and poverty in Paris in 1687.
	www.maths.tcd.ie /pub/HistMath/People/17thCentury/RouseBall/RB_Math17C.html (2269 words)

	Armchair Sailor - New & Notable (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Mercator solved the dimensional riddle that had vexed cosmographers for so long: How could the three-dimensional globe be converted into a two-dimensional map while retaining true compass bearings?
		It was an era of immense scientific achievement amidst the tension of a growing clash between humanism and the Church.
		As a portrait of a genius, as a biography, as a history, as a rich, lively though dignified narrative and as a colorful adventure, this story of the stoic individual who not only mapped the planet but opened man’s eyes, is a marvelous, unforgettable book.
	www.armchairsailorseattle.com /news901_4.htm (579 words)

	Amazon.com: Mercator: The Man Who Mapped the Planet: Books: Nicholas Crane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Mercator was born in poverty in the Low Countries and lived to become the preeminent geographer of his time when drawing an accurate map involved doing the best you could from limited resources.
		Mercator was born as Gerard Kremer to poor parents (his father was a cobbler) in Flanders in 1512.
		Mercator lived in a tumultuous time, and his moderate views, shared with the humanists, about such things as faith in Christ being more important than ritualistic ceremony, were considered heretical by others.
	www.amazon.com /Mercator-Man-Who-Mapped-Planet/dp/0805066241 (1934 words)

	Mercator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Gerhard Mercator was the famous sixteenth-century cartographer who created the so-called ‘Mercator projection’, a map which, in flattening out the globe, enabled the great age of exploration of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
		Mercator was more than simply a map-maker, however: he was at the very centre of the scientific and intellectual revolution of his time.
		Nicholas Crane, a man much used to relying on maps, will bring Mercator and his world to vivid life.
	www.xs4all.nl /~josdb/mercator.html (84 words)

	There is a growing body of scholarship on the nature of maps and accompanying cartographic records (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		There is a growing body of scholarship on the nature of maps and accompanying cartographic records.
		Nicholas Crane, Mercator: The Man Who Mapped the Planet (New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2003) is a good biography of this important mapmaker, with lots of insights into the nature of maps in the sixteenth century.
		While Mercator, like other mapmakers of his era, produced maps both for utilitarian purposes such as military use and political jurisdiction as well as trying to relate religious and philosophical viewpoints, Mercator’s achievement was in its standardization: “Mercator’s new geography replaced piecemeal cartography with a reformed, universal standard.
	www.sis.pitt.edu /~rcox/Crane.htm (435 words)

	Amazon.ca: Mercator: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Gerardus Mercator: Father of Modern Mapmaking : Father of Modern Mapmaking by Ann Heinrichs (Library Binding - Jan 1 2008)
		Maps from the Age of Discovery: Columbus to Mercator by Kenneth Nebenzahl (Hardcover - Dec 1990)
		Mercator by Nicholas Crane (Hardcover - Jul 18 2002)
	www.amazon.ca /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Mercator&index=books&page=1 (524 words)

	Geography 121: Project 1: Coordinates and Projections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The angle measurements are preserved with the Mercator projection.
		I learned that a Mercator projection does not distort angle measurements; I had previously thought that all two-dimensional projections caused some distortion of angles.
		The Universal Transverse Mercator System does not apply to the areas north of 84º North latitude and south of 80º South latitude.
	www.personal.psu.edu /users/n/a/nas203/geog_121_1.html (988 words)

	USNews.com: Truth in mapping: Mercator learned how to chart the world
		Although Gerard Mercator spent his entire life in one small corner of northern Europe, his skill at converting new knowledge into accurate maps of just about anywhere has put generations of explorers in his debt--up to the present day.
		Although Mercator's projection famously distorts area, making Greenland look bigger than Africa, its treatment of direction is amazingly accurate.
		The first satellite map of the United States, pioneering maps of Venus and Jupiter, countless classroom maps--all are Mercator projections.
	www.usnews.com /usnews/culture/articles/040223/23mercator.htm (723 words)

	A Selection of Web-Accessible Collections at Harvard University
		A presentation of images of the Mercator Globes at the Harvard Map Collection (Harvard College Library) with zooming and navigation.
		Mercator was a prolific publisher of maps and atlases.
		Surviving examples of the Mercator globes are rare; Harvard's is the only known matched pair in America.
	digitalcollections.harvard.edu (1036 words)

	The Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals (also known as the False Decretals)
		The reader should note that pseudo-Isidore is using plagiarised material from the writings of earlier popes concerning their prerogatives to rule, much of which was known in the ninth century.
		In fact, evidence for the independence of papal authority from these decretals is illustrated very well by the dealings of Pope Nicholas with The Archbishops of Cologne and Trier before the False Decretals ever made their way to Rome.
		For example, the rebel of Vatican I, Josef Dollinger, says the documents were "eagerly seized upon Pope Nicholas I at Rome, to be used as genuine documents in support of the new claims put forward by himself and his successors.
	www.angelfire.com /ms/seanie/forgeries/pseudoisidore.html (1533 words)

	Do Unto OthersProject-Church of the Science of God
		Although Gerard Mercator spent his entire life in one small corner of northern Europe, his skill at converting new knowledge into accu-rate maps of just about anywhere has put generations of explorers in his debt—up to the present day.
		Says Andrew Taylor, author of the forthcoming The World of Gerard Mercator, “Medieval maps were largely subjective—they were not generally meant for travelers but for scholars or for religious purposes.
		The first satellite map of the United States, pioneering maps of Venus and Jupiter, countless classroom maps —all are Mercator projections.
	www.dountoothers.org /mappingman.html (579 words)

	Mercator - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mercator projection, a cartographic projection devised by Gerardus Mercator
		Mercator Telescope, a Flemish telescope installed in La Palma, Canary Islands
		Mercator (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles), a British unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mercator (107 words)

	Publisher description for Library of Congress control number 2002027647
		Publisher description for Mercator : the man who mapped the planet / Nicholas Crane.
		At the center of the exploratory vortex were the cartographers who were painstakingly piecing together the evidence to create ever more accurate pictures of the planet.
		Mercator's inspiration-the map-solved the dimensional riddle that had vexed cosmographers for so long: How could the three-dimensional globe be converted into a two-dimensional map while retaining true compass bearings?
	www.loc.gov /catdir/description/hol021/2002027647.html (234 words)

	Renaissance Scientists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Windows to the Universe: Nicholas Copernicus - Three short biographies geared toward beginning, intermediate and advanced readers.
		Nicholas Copernicus - Short biography and sketch from PBS.
		Mercator, Gerardus [Gerhard Kremer] - from the Galileo Project
	www.wadsworth.k12.oh.us /central/renaissance_scientists.htm (548 words)

	Nicholas County, West Virginiain EPS, Vector, and Digital Illustrator Formats.
		Nicholas County Map, Maps of Nicholas County and all West Virginia County Maps.
		This Nicholas County map is formatted in Adobe Illustrator & Macromedia FreeHand for Windows or Macintosh.
		Our map of Nicholas County is fully editable, logically layered (View Layer Directory), and royalty free.
	www.creativeforce.com /county_maps/county_maps.asp?id=3026 (357 words)

	Mercator: The Man Who Mapped the Planet - History & Pictorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Mercator: The Man Who Mapped the Planet - History & Pictorial
		Gerard Mercator helped shape the modern perception of the planet while seldom venturing beyond the confines of northwestern Europe.
		Mercator's maps of the world helped solve certain navigational problems and became the first atlas.^Author:~ Nicholas Crane^Pages: ~368^Binding: ~HC^Pub Date: ~2003^Size: ~6 1/2 x 9 3/4^ISBN: ~0-805-06624-1
	www.paracay.com /nauticalbooks/prods/HHO002.html (57 words)

	Publisher-supplied biographical information about contributor(s) for Library of Congress control number 2002027647
		Publisher-supplied biographical information about contributor(s) for Mercator : the man who mapped the planet / Nicholas Crane.
		The Library of Congress makes no claims as to the accuracy of the information provided, and will not maintain or otherwise edit/update the information supplied by the publisher.
		Nicholas Crane, a geographer and adventurer, is the author of two acclaimed books, Two Degrees West and Clear Waters Rising.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/bios/hol051/2002027647.html (118 words)

	Opleidingen - EURIB
		In de leergang staat de vraag centraal hoe een organisatie een merkcultuur kan creëren waarmee medewerkers zich kunnen identificeren.
		Do-centen van deze opleiding zijn onder andere: Robert Coppenhagen (Kern Konsult, auteur ‘Creatieregie’), Hein Heuvelmans (Mercator), Nicholas Ind (auteur ‘Living the Brand’), Ingrid Nagtzaam (Interpolis) en Rik Riezebos (Brand Capital, EURIB).
		Naast open opleidingen organiseert en verzorgt EURIB ook in-company opleidingen op het gebied van 'brand, communication & design management'.
	www.eurib.org /wawcs0119562/tn-opleidingen.html (416 words)

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