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	Singularity Summit - Speakers - Nick Bostrom
		Nick Bostrom, Ph.D., is Director of Oxford University's new Future of Humanity Institute, which takes a multi-disciplinary approach to understanding and evaluating humanity's long-term prospects.
		Bostrom is one of the world's leading experts on the consequences and ethics of anticipated technologies, including human enhancement, global catastrophic risks, and philosophical issues related to big picture issues for humanity.
		Bostrom is the author of some 90 publications, including papers in Nature, Mind, Journal of Philosophy, Bioethics, Journal of Medical Ethics, Astrophysics and Space Science, and two edited volumes forthcoming with Oxford University Press, one on global catastrophic risk, and another on the ethics of human enhancement.
	sss.stanford.edu /speakers/bostrom (431 words)

	Nick Bostrom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nick Bostrom (Boström in the original Swedish) is a philosopher at the University of Oxford, and known for his work on the anthropic principle.
		Bostrom was also the co-founder (with David Pearce) of the World Transhumanist Association; as of July 2005, he is the chair of that institution.
		In addition to his prolific writing for academic and popular press, Bostrom makes frequent media appearances in which he talks about transhumanism-related topics such as cloning, artificial intelligence, mind uploading, cryonics, nanotechnology, and the simulation argument.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nick_Bostrom (163 words)

	Nick Bostrom -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Nick Bostrom (Boström in the original Swedish) is a philosopher at the (Click link for more info and facts about University of Oxford) University of Oxford, and known for his work on the (Click link for more info and facts about anthropic principle) anthropic principle.
		Bostrom was also the co-founder (with (Click link for more info and facts about David Pearce) David Pearce) of the (Click link for more info and facts about World Transhumanist Association) World Transhumanist Association; as of December 2003, he is the chair of that institution.
		Bostrom's page, containing information about the (Click link for more info and facts about anthropic principle) anthropic principle and the (Click link for more info and facts about Doomsday argument) Doomsday argument.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/n/ni/nick_bostrom.htm (181 words)

	Resonance: You are primarily a philosopher
		Bostrom: [blush] The cultural climate in Sweden at the time when I was a student there was one in which egalitarianism was big, and where protruding too much beyond the average was considered both impossible and undesirable.
		Bostrom: A nice thing about the Swedish system is that students have the opportunity to construct their own education programs by picking courses from whatever areas they feel like, subject only to weak constraints.
		Bostrom: Research and science have many positive externalities (good effects that can't be patented) and so one would expect them to be undersupplied by the market, and I think that government consequently has a role in funding these activities.
	www.pantaneto.co.uk /issue9/bostrom.htm (3606 words)

	Nick Bostrom - Anthropic Bias: Observation Selection Effects in Science and Philosophy - Reviewed by Neil Manson, ...
		In Chapter 3, Bostrom surveys the history of âthe anthropic principleâ â“ a term coined by Brandon Carter in 1974 to identify a principle to be used for reasoning in light of observational selection effects in the cosmological case.
		Bostrom is saying that the problem of freak observers derives from the fact that, when we existentially generalize from Eâ to E, we needlessly deprive ourselves of important information â“ namely, indexical information.
		Bostrom tries to formalize these insights in âthe Observation Equationâ (OE), which he says spells out âthe probabilistic connection between theory and observation that enables one to derive observational consequences from theories about the distribution of observer-moments in the worldâ (p.
	ndpr.nd.edu /review.cfm?id=1183 (1964 words)

	Encyclopedia: Nick Bostrom (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Bostrom was also the co-founder (with David Pearce) of the World Transhumanist Association; as of December 2003, he is the chair of that institution.
		The Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies was founded in 2004 by philosopher Nick Bostrom and bioethicist James Hughes.
		Transhumanism is an emergent philosophy analysing or favouring the use of science and technology, especially neurotechnology, biotechnology, and nanotechnology, to overcome human limitations and improve the human condition.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Nick-Bostrom (611 words)

	[No title]
		Bostrom: [blush] The cultural climate in Sweden at the time when I was a student there was one in which egalitarianism was big, and where protruding too much beyond the average was considered both impossible and undesirable.
		Bostrom: A nice thing about the Swedish system is that students have the opportunity to construct their own education programs by picking courses from whatever areas they feel like, subject only to weak constraints.
		Bostrom: Research and science have many positive externalities (good effects that can't be patented) and so one would expect them to be undersupplied by the market, and I think that government consequently has a role in funding these activities.
	www.resonancepub.com /nickbostrom.htm (3833 words)

	Nick Bostrom - dKosopedia
		Nick Bostrom is a British philosopher, bioethicist and posthumanist.
		Bostrom is opposed to the bioconservatism of outspoken critics like Leon Kass and Francis Fukuyama who act as intelelctual front men for the Republican bioethical agenda which is guided by Christian moral interpretation and the attempt to expand the social conservative voting base rather than by logic or rationalism.
		Bostrom has often expressed views contrary to those of the President's Council on Bioethics.
	dkosopedia.com /wiki/Nick_Bostrom (201 words)

	Big Thinkers - Nick Bostrom
		Bostrom is one of the world's foremost experts on the ethics and implications of the use of technology to maximize or extend human capacities.
		In addition to human enhancement, Bostrom also has research interests in the foundations of probability theory, scientific methodology, ethical and strategic issues related to emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and nanotechnology, and risk analysis.
		Bostrom has a background in both science and philosophy, including a PhD (philosophy of science), MSc thesis (computational neuroscience), MA (physics and philosophy), and a graduate degree in mathematics, logic, psychology, and philosophy.
	www.kurzweilai.net /bios/bio0051.html (205 words)

	Future of Humanity Institute
		In this episode of 'The Essay', Nick Bostrom explains why he believes that the discovery of aliens would be a disaster for the future of humanity and lead to the end of civilisation as we know it.
		Nick Bostrom delivered the 11th Annual JUS Lecture (Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto) in October 2007.
		Nick Bostrom’s paper ‘In Defense of Posthuman Dignity’ has been chosen for inclusion in an anthology of the best papers published in the Bioethics journal in the last two decades.
	www.fhi.ox.ac.uk (1180 words)

	Nick Bostrom
		Nick Bostrom is a British Academy Postdoctoral Fellow in the Philosophy Faculty at Oxford and a Junior Research Fellow at Harris Manchester College.
		Bostrom began his teaching career as a lecturer at Yale University from 2000 to 2002, and came to Oxford earlier this year.
		Bostrom is a founder of the World Transhumanist Association, a not-for-profit organization working to promote understanding of and debate about future technologies, which currently has over 2,000 members worldwide, and he has appeared frequently as a spokesperson and commentator in the media.
	users.ox.ac.uk /~theo0038/biographies/biogbostrom.html (247 words)

	Dances With Goths -> The 'Real Life' Matrix (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Nick Bostrom, resident philospher at Yale Uni, has proposed the theory that film "The Matrix " could hold the fundamental answers to why we are all here.
		It is possible that we are currently part of "original history" (pre-simulation) but given the third option, as above, it is argued that the chances are simulated universes have already been invented and indeed we are part of one at the moment.
		Bostrom recommends that we should not be alarmed by this revelation, and only "a mad loony" would change their lifestyle because of it.
	www.geocities.com /danceswithgoths/ns/matrix.html (322 words)

	Are We Living In Nick Bostrom’s Speculation?
		Bostrom claims: “Therefore, if we don’t think that we are currently living in a computer simulation, we are not entitled to believe that we will have descendants who will run lots of such simulations of their forebears.” [1].
		Bostrom indirectly assumes the existence of the metaverse and then draws his conclusions about the probabilities, but the main premise of metaverse existence is not proven.
		Bostrom says “[the] simulation argument works equally well for those who think that it will take hundreds of thousands of years to reach a “posthuman” stage of civilisation”.
	danila.spb.ru /papers/antisim/engsim.html (7644 words)

	NICK BOSTROM Articles Nick Bostrom (born Niklas Boström i
		Nick Bostrom (born Niklas Boström in 1973) is a philosopher at the University of Oxford known for his work on the anthropic principle.
		Bostrom has argued that the correct understanding of the anthropic principle is by means of his Strong Self-Sampling Assumption Each observer-moment should reason as if it were randomly selected from the class of all observer-moments in its reference class.
		Bostrom's mathematical development shows that choosing either too broad or too narrow a reference class leads to counter-intuitive results; but he is not able to prescribe a perfect choice.
	www.amazines.com /Nick_Bostrom_related.html (533 words)

	SF Diplomat: INTERVIEW - Nick Bostrom on the future, transhumanism and the end of the world
		Jonathan McCalmont: Nick Bostrom, you are a philosopher, the Director of the Future of Humanity Institute at the University of Oxford, a university fellow in the James Martin Institute for Science and Civilization at the university of Oxford and co-founder of the World Transhumanist Association.
		Nick Bostrom: It was a matter of discovering rather than becoming.
		INTERVIEW - Nick Bostrom on the future, transhumanism and the end of the world (SF-Diplomat) (»For most people, the idea of altering human cognitive and physical capacities so as to improve the fundamental character of the human condition is not...
	www.sfdiplomat.net /sf_diplomat/2006/12/interview_nick_.html (2218 words)

	Are You Living in a Computer Simulation?
		It would be a mistake to dismiss this is just one more radical sceptical possibility: for as Bostrom has recently noted, if advances in computer technology were to continue at close to present rates, there would be a strong probability that we are each living in a computer simulation.
		The first part of this paper is devoted to broadening the scope of the argument: even if computers cannot sustain consciousness (as many dualists and materialists believe), there may still be a strong likelihood that we are living simulated lives.
		Nick Bostrom is the director of the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University.
	www.simulation-argument.com (954 words)

	Sentient Developments: Nick Bostrom: "Why I hope the search for extraterrestrial life finds nothing."
		Because the Galaxy appears uncolonized and unperturbed by intelligent life, and because there has been ample time and motive for this to happen, we have to conclude that some kind of filter is in place that prevents life from arriving at this advanced phase.
		These are just some of the existential risks that have been discussed in the literature, and considering that many of these have been proposed only in recent decades, it is plausible to assume that there are further existential risks we have not yet thought of.
		Bostrom, who is the director of the Future of Humanity Institute at the University of Oxford, concludes his article by making a case for increased foresight and vigorous inquiry into potential risks.
	www.sentientdevelopments.com /2008/04/nick-bostrom-why-i-hope-search-for.html (1271 words)

	Our Lives, Controlled From Some Guy’s Couch - New York Times
		Until I talked to Nick Bostrom, a philosopher at Oxford University, it never occurred to me that our universe might be somebody else’s hobby.
		Dr. Bostrom assumes that technological advances could produce a computer with more processing power than all the brains in the world, and that advanced humans, or “posthumans,” could run “ancestor simulations” of their evolutionary history by creating virtual worlds inhabited by virtual people with fully developed virtual nervous systems.
		Bostrom doesn’t pretend to know which of these hypotheses is more likely, but he thinks none of them can be ruled out.
	www.nytimes.com /2007/08/14/science/14tier.html?ex=1344830400&en=2300cf446929c707&ei=5124&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink (858 words)

	Amazon.ca: Anthropic Bias: Observation Selection Effects in Science and Philosophy: Nick Bostrom: Books
		Follow this link http://www.anthropic-principle.com/ to Nick Bostrom's web page on everything related to observation selection effects, the anthropic principle, self-locating belief, and associated applications and paradoxes in science and philosophy.
		Nick seems to say that anthropic bias is unwarrented, because the interpretation of evidence is necessarily subjective, and it is subject to observational selection effects, but anthropic bias is perfectly necessary and justified if the mechanism behind anthropic prejudice can be identified and then independently supported by the most conservative representation our best cosmological theories.
		Nick Bostrom tries to eliminate anthropic bias by way of relativism and random observation, but 'the coin ISN'T fair' if there is frame independent mechanism that acts in favor of intelligent life.
	www.amazon.ca /Anthropic-Bias-Observation-Selection-Philosophy/dp/0415938589 (1166 words)

	Are You Living In a Computer Simulation? - Nanodot (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Nick Bostrom writes "I have a new paper, setting forth what I call the 'Simulation Argument'.
		Bostrom's paper seems to be a variation on an old theme.
		Bostrom explores here is, i think, that the world is hardly what it seems to be.
	nanodot.org /article.pl?sid=01/12/03/1954200&mode=thread&threshold= (1088 words)

	Ethical Issues in Advanced Artificial Intelligence :: Ephilosopher :: Philosophy News, Research and Philosophical ...
		Nick Bostrom is widely known for his endorsement of Transhumanism.
		Nick Bostrom: "The ethical issues related to the possible future creation of machines with general intellectual capabilities far outstripping those of humans are quite distinct from any ethical problems arising in current automation and information systems.
		Such superintelligence would not be just another technological development; it would be the most important invention ever made, and would lead to explosive progress in all scientific and technological fields, as the superintelligence would conduct research with superhuman efficiency.
	www.ephilosopher.com /article725.html (385 words)

	nick effects - Pillage the Internet! (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Nick Greer stomp boxes, guitar pedals, and other guitar effects and bass effects.
		Nick Bostrom is a philosopher and a leading transhumanist thinker and spokesperson.
		Nick Brooks, Academy Award and Emmy Award winner for visual effects says, " Twixtor 4.5 represents a new touchstone in retiming.
	www.pillage.com /search/?p=nick+effects (321 words)

	JET 14(1) - April 2005 - Bostrom - Transhumanist Thought
		The World Transhumanist Association was founded in early 1998 by Nick Bostrom and David Pearce, to provide a general organizational basis for all transhumanist groups and interests, across the political spectrum.
		The document was produced by Bostrom but major parts and ideas were also contributed by several others, including the British utilitarian thinker David Pearce, Max More, the American feminist and disability rights activist Kathryn Aegis, and the walking encyclopedia Anders Sandberg, who was at the time a neuroscience student in Sweden.
		Bostrom (2002) introduced the concept of an "existential risk ", defined as "one where an adverse outcome would either annihilate Earth-originating intelligent life or permanently and drastically curtail its potential ", and created a catalogue of what he saw as the most probable existential risks.
	jetpress.org /volume14/bostrom.html (9763 words)

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