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	Winners' Circle: Nick Holonyak, Jr.
		Demonstrating an affinity for electrical engineering in childhood, Nick Holonyak, Jr., invented the first practical LED (light emitting diode), the first visible-spectrum semiconductor laser and the household dimmer switch.
		Holonyak, who holds 31 patents, is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), among others.
		Holonyak was recognized for his light-emitting diode and semiconductor laser technology.
	web.mit.edu /invent/a-winners/a-holonyak.html (529 words)

	Dr. Nick Holonyak Jr.
		After graduation, Holonyak joined the prestigious Bell Labs in Murray Hill, N.J. He served in the Army Signal Corp from 1955 to 1957, and then was hired by GE’s Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory in Syracuse, N.Y., where he worked as a consulting scientist on semiconductor devices.
		Holonyak’s red LEDs were first used commercially in the Hamilton Pulsar watch developed with Monsanto in 1972 and in Mattel’s Electronic Football Game.
		Holonyak returned home and to his alma mater in 1963, becoming a professor in electrical and computer engineering and working in Illinois’ Materials Research Laboratory and Electrical Engineering Research Laboratory, where he still works primarily on lasers and LED technology.
	www.ce.org /Events/Awards/2724.htm (443 words)

	Current News
		Holonyak was the first student of John Bardeen, one of the inventors of the transistor, while at the University of Illinois in the early 1950s.
		After finishing graduate school in 1954, Holonyak took a job with Bell Labs and was part of a team whose original work led to the invention of the integrated circuit.
		Holonyak continues to refine and improve his original invention and pursue new applications for the technology.
	www.lemelson.org /news/current_detail.php?id=607 (955 words)

	Illinois professor to receive Lemelson-MIT Prize
		Nick Holonyak Jr., winner of the 2004 Lemelson-MIT Prize.
		CHAMPAIGN, Ill. — Nick Holonyak Jr., a John Bardeen Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Physics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, has been selected as the 2004 recipient of the $500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize – the world's largest single cash prize for invention.
		He also developed the first electronic devices in III-V compound semiconductor alloys (III and V referring to places in the periodic table of the elements), and is the inventor of the basic silicon device used in household light-dimmer switches.
	www.news.uiuc.edu /news/04/0421lemelson.html (652 words)

	Nick Holonyak
		Nick Holonyak, inventor of the light-emitting diode (LED), is a silicon researcher who was John Bardeen's first student, and later his friend.
		Holonyak worked at Bell Labs (after Bardeen left) and had first hand experience with transistor research there.
		Holonyak was born on November 3, 1928 in Zeigler, Illinois.
	www.pbs.org /transistor/album1/addlbios/holonyak.html (379 words)

	Dimmers to LEDs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Nick Holonyak finally dropped into a local lighting shop one day to look at dimmer switches, and when the salesperson launched an explanation of their inner workings, Holonyak said he understood.
		Holonyak actually joins five other IEEE Medal of Honor winners with UI ties, but it is Bardeen's presence on the list that un-doubtedly means the most to him.
		It was Bardeen who encouraged Holonyak to switch from vacuum tubes, the prevailing electronic component at the time, to solid-state devices like the transistor, despite skepticism from colleagues about the new field.
	www.ccsm.uiuc.edu /BasicPages/Holonyak.htm (1105 words)

	April 26, 2004 - Holonyak Wins Lemelson-MIT Prize - Photonics.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Holonyak, a professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at the University of Illinois, invented the first practical LED in 1962.
		Holonyak was the first student of John Bardeen, one of the inventors of the transistor, at the University of Illinois in the early 1950s.
		After finishing graduate school in 1954, Holonyak took a job with Bell Labs and was part of a team whose work led to the invention of the integrated circuit.
	www.photonics.com /todaysheadlines/article.asp?id=4792 (363 words)

	Responsive Network Services offers network support and computer consulting, system integration, network planning, ...
		Holonyak was born in 1928 and attended the University of Illinois for both undergraduate and graduate school.
		Holonyak didn’t come up with all of the different colors of LED’s that are available today, but his was the first and it was red.
		Holonyak is one of only 13 Americans who have been recipients of both the National Medal for Science (1990) and the National Medal for Technology (2002) primarily for his creation of the LED.
	responsive.us /article.asp?a=13 (354 words)

	EETimes.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Nick Holonyak, Arnold Lesk, Uri Davidsohn and Mel Aarons published a major technical paper, "Germanium and Silicon Tunnel Diodes — Design, Operation and Application." This was the authoritative article.
		Holonyak is now John Bardeen professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
		Holonyak just earned a patent using a tunneling contact in a laser because that arrangement enabled him to use sideways currents, allowing full light output from the top of the laser.
	www.eet.com /special/special_issues/millennium/milestones/holonyak.html (1879 words)

	College of Engineering - University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Other recipients close to Holonyak include his teacher, two-time Nobel laureate John Bardeen (1983 Washington Award for invention of the transistor and for research on solid state and low temperature physics), and Marvin Camras (1979 Washington Award for invention of the magnetic tape recorder), whose son was one of Holonyak’s doctoral students.”
		Earlier this fall, Holonyak and two of his former graduate students, M. George Craford and Russell Dupuis, received the 2002 National Medal of Technology award from President George W. Bush at a White House ceremony.
		Holonyak is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and the National Academy of Science.
	www.engr.uiuc.edu /news/index.php?xId=07410880 (485 words)

	Boston.com / News / Education / Higher education / LED creator given inventors' prize (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		On Friday, Holonyak will receive the 10th annual Lemelson-MIT Prize, a $500,000 award given to prominent inventors by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
		Holonyak, 75, now a professor at the University of Illinois, said he had suspected LEDs would become commonplace but didn't realize how many uses they would have.
		At Bell Labs, Holonyak was part of a team that developed integrated circuits.
	www.boston.com /news/education/higher/articles/2004/04/26/led_creator_given_inventors_prize (266 words)

	led
		Nick Holonyak was born in Zeigler in 1928 on November 3.
		Nick`s parents emigrated from Europe when they were about twenty-one.
		Nick received his Bachelor`s in Science in 1950: his Master`s in Science in 1951, and his Ph.D. in 1954.
	www.zeigleril.com /pages/noteable/vortexpgs/holonyak.htm (301 words)

	Northwest Indiana News: nwitimes.com
		Holonyak developed the first practical light-emitting diode in 1962, while working for General Electric, and the first semiconductor laser to operate in the visible spectrum, a development key in creating such things as CD and DVD players.
		Feng is a former student of Holonyak's and one of the world's top experts on high-speed transistors.
		In one of those discussions, Holonyak suggested that the density of current Feng was seeing in his fast transistors had to mean light was being emitted as well.
	nwitimes.com /articles/2004/01/07/news/local_illinois/d3ba686175af559186256e13005bef93.prt (585 words)

	Illinois Computer Connection: Nick Holonyak and LED : News : General : Small Business Computer Consultants for Chicago ...
		Holonyak was born in 1928 and attended the University of Illinois for both undergraduate and graduate school.
		Holonyak didn’t come up with all of the different colors of LED’s that are available today, but his was the first and it was red.
		Holonyak is one of only 13 Americans who have been recipients of both the National Medal for Science (1990) and the National Medal for Technology (2002) primarily for his creation of the LED.
	www.responsive.us /article.asp?a=13 (364 words)

	Illinois professor to receive National Medal of Technology
		Nick Holonyak, next to President George Bush, right, and his two former students and fellow recipients of the National Medal of Technology at the White House ceremony Nov. 6.
		CHAMPAIGN, Ill. — Nick Holonyak Jr., a John Bardeen Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Physics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and two of his former graduate students, M. George Craford and Russell Dupuis, have each been selected as recipients of the 2002 National Medal of Technology.
		Holonyak received the National Medal of Science in 1990.
	www.news.uiuc.edu /news/03/1022holonyak.html (697 words)

	The Quartz Watch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		He had discovered that the wave length of the GaAs diode (gallium arsenide) could be shifted from the infrared to the visible spectrum by merely changing the chemical composition of the crystal itself to GaAsP (gallium arsenide phosphide).
		Holonyak received his B.S. (1951), and Ph.D. (1954) in Electrical Engineering from the University of Illinois.
		Early in his career at the University of Illinois, Nick Holonyak helped Monsanto set up their LED display division, a field which the company led for a number of years.
	www.si.edu /harcourt/nmah/lemel/Quartz/inventors/holonyak.html (206 words)

	Global Energy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Nick Holonyak is an outstanding scientist and an engineer, a professor of the Illinois university, a member of the US National Academy of Sciences and National engineering academy of sciences.
		A pioneering work of Nick Holonyak with coauthors in “Bell Telephone” laboratory, published in 1956, was unique for power silicon electronics and silicon microelectronics development.
		Thus professor Nick Holonyak became the main founder of power silicon electronics — the main element of modern conversion equipment in the field of energy.
	www.ge-prize.com /Laureates/nick (269 words)

	Edwardsville Intelligencer - Intelligencer Today - 05/18/2005 - The LED man has roots at EHS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		And at Edwardsville High School, Holonyak stared out the study hall window and watched trucks as they rolled past on their way down Route 66 and on to Chicago.
		Holonyak, who is 76 now, wore a fl tux to the ceremony.
		In the auditorium, Holonyak was scheduled to follow Brennan and Broder, but after Broder, Illinois State Historian Thomas Schwartz introduced Inglett instead.
	www.goedwardsville.com /site/news.cfm?newsid=14547100&BRD=2291&PAG=461&dept_id=473648&rfi=6 (1158 words)

	College of Engineering - University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Holonyak is being recognized for “his many contributions to research and development in the field of semiconductors, not least for the first development of semiconducting lasers in the useful visible portion of the optical spectrum.”
		Among his other inventions and discoveries, Holonyak developed the first practical light-emitting diode in 1962.
		Holonyak was the first graduate student of two-time Nobel laureate John Bardeen, an Illinois professor who invented the transistor.
	www.engr.uiuc.edu /news/archive/index.php?xId=063708480728 (602 words)

	Nick Holonyak, Jr.
		Nick Holonyak, Jr Hailed as the "father of semiconductor light emitter technology in the western world," Nick Holonyak, Jr.
		The John Bardeen Chair and professor at the Center for Advanced Study at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Dr. Holonyak was Bardeen's first graduate student and enjoyed a 40-year friendship and collaboration with him.
		Holonyak began his distinguished career at Bell Telephone Laboratories in Murray Hill, N.J., in 1954, where he helped develop silicon-diffused transistor technology.
	www.ieee.org /portal/pages/about/awards/bios/2003moh.html (367 words)

	Nick Holonyak Jr. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Professor Nick Holonyak, Jr., has worked at the forefront of semiconductor science and technology since 1952 (45+ years).
		Besides 500 published papers, Holonyak has 30 patents, including licensed patents on impurity induced layer disordering (IILD) and the use of IILD and Al-bearing native oxides in QWH devices.
		Holonyak's research has been widely recognized by the semiconductor and physics community, and he has been honored with numerous national and international awards:
	www.ccsm.uiuc.edu /ssdl (735 words)

	USATODAY.com - Lemelson-MIT recognizes inventor of LED (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Illuminating the future: Nick Holonyak Jr, the 2004 winner of the $500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize, invented the first practical light emitting diode (LED).
		Holonyak, 75, was a student of John Bardeen, an inventor of the transistor, in the early 1950s.
		Holonyak, now a professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at the University of Illinois, said he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace as they are today, but didn't realize how many uses they would have.
	www.usatoday.com /tech/news/techinnovations/2004-04-21-led-father_x.htm (529 words)

	Compound Semiconductors Online - The Original Compound Semiconductor Industry Newspaper
		May 15, 2003...One of the most noted and most deserving compound semi technology pioneers, Nick Holonyak of the University of Illinois, is slated to receive a very prestigious award called The Global Energy Prize.
		Nick Holonyak is regarded, internationally, as an outstanding scientist and engineer, who has made a serious contribution to the development of energy-saving technologies.
		Holonyak’s other groundbreaking invention was the first semi-conducting LEDs in a visible part of the spectrum, contributing to the development of a new direction in the modern energy sector.
	www.compoundsemi.com /documents/articles/news/2947.html (2448 words)

	New transistor laser could lead to faster signal processing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Holonyak invented the first practical light-emitting diode and the first semiconductor laser to operate in the visible spectrum.
		Earlier this year, Feng and Holonyak reported their discovery of a three-port, light-emitting transistor.
		Co-authors of the paper with Feng and Holonyak are postdoctoral research associate Gabriel Walter and graduate research assistant Richard Chan.
	oemagazine.com /newscast/2004/111604_newscast01.html (505 words)

	Nick Holonyak: He Saw The Lights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Holonyak built his first LED in 1962, when he was a researcher at General Electric Co. (GE).
		The same year, Holonyak left GE to become an electrical engineering professor at the University of Illinois, where he had earned his PhD a decade earlier.
		So Holonyak may well be around long enough to add another award to his long list of honors, in-cluding the 1995 Japan Prize and the 2004 Lemelson-MIT Prize, each worth $500,000.
	www.aol.businessweek.com /magazine/content/05_21/b3934030.htm (895 words)

	Spotlight: LET there be light
		Holonyak was the inventor of the first practical light-emitting diode (LED) and the first semiconductor laser to operate in the visible spectrum.
		By using these alternative semiconductor materials, the researchers were able to control the recombination process in indium gallium phosphide and gallium arsenide materials so that infrared photons are produced.
		This work could be the beginning of an era in which photons are directed around a chip in much the same way as electrons are manoeuvred on conventional silicon chips, but at the speed of light!
	www.psigate.ac.uk /spotlight/issue15/light.html (594 words)

	Nick Holonyak: He Saw The Lights
		Holonyak built his first LED in 1962, when he was a researcher at General Electric Co. (GE).
		The same year, Holonyak left GE to become an electrical engineering professor at the University of Illinois, where he had earned his PhD a decade earlier.
		So Holonyak may well be around long enough to add another award to his long list of honors, in-cluding the 1995 Japan Prize and the 2004 Lemelson-MIT Prize, each worth $500,000.
	www.businessweek.com /magazine/content/05_21/b3934030.htm (810 words)

	Lighthearted Transistor: Electronic workhorse moonlights as laser: Science News Online, Nov. 20, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Holonyak and his colleagues Milton Feng, Gabriel Walter, and Richard Chan describe their dual-action component in the Nov. 15 Applied Physics Letters.
		Although the team currently must chill its microdevice to –73°C to achieve laser action, "we believe we'll be [using the device] at room temperature very soon," Feng says.
		In creating the new transistor laser, Holonyak builds upon a finding that he and his colleagues published in January (SN: 1/10/04, p.
	www.sciencenews.org /articles/20041120/fob3.asp (534 words)

	Nick Holonyak Summary
		Holonyak was John Bardeen's first PhD student at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and later created the first visible semiconductor lasers in 1960 and the first visible light-emitting diode in 1962 while working as a consulting scientist at a General Electric Company laboratory in Syracuse, New York.
		As of 2005, he is the John Bardeen Endowed Chair Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Physics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and is investigating methods for manufacturing quantum dot lasers.
		Nick Holonyak Jr from Science and Its Times.
	www.bookrags.com /Nick_Holonyak (221 words)

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