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Topic: Nickel

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Nickel carbonyl

Nickel arsenide

Group 10 element

Cobalt

Chemical series

Germanium

Periodic table

Ferrous

Chromium

Cobalt

Erythrite

Iron

Manganese

Molybdenum

Nickle

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	ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Nickel
		Nickel compounds are used for nickel plating, to color ceramics, to make some batteries, and as substances known as catalysts that increase the rate of chemical reactions.
		Approximately 10-20% of the population is sensitive to nickel.
		More nickel was measured in the urine of workers who were exposed to nickel compounds that dissolve easily in water than in the urine of workers exposed to nickel compounds that are hard to dissolve.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /tfacts15.html (1233 words)

	Nickel - MSN Encarta
		Nickel is used as a protective and ornamental coating for metals, particularly iron and steel, that are susceptible to corrosion.
		Nickel steel, containing about 2 to 4 percent nickel, is used in automobile parts such as axles, crankshafts, gears, valves, and rods; in machine parts; and in armor plate.
		The nickel coins used for currency are an alloy of 25 percent nickel and 75 percent copper.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761577788/Nickel.html (572 words)

	Nickel (United States coin) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For 2004 and 2005, nickels featured new designs to commemorate the bicentennials of the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark expedition; these new designs were called the Westward Journey nickel series.
		When the three-cent nickel came onto the scene in 1865, these were the new "nickels" to the common person on the street.
		The shield nickel, designed by James B. Longacre, was the first nickel five-cent piece minted in the United States, in accordance with the Act of May 16, 1866.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nickel_(U.S._coin) (2572 words)

	nickel. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Nickel is used as a protective and ornamental coating for less corrosion resistant metals, especially iron and steel; it is applied by electroplating and by other methods (see plating).
		Nickel occurs in a number of minerals; its chief ores are pentlandite and pyrrhotite (nickel-iron sulfides) and garnierite (nickel-magnesium silicate).
		Nickel sulfide ores are concentrated by the flotation process, then smelted or roasted to partially convert them to the oxide form, and further treated in a Bessemer converter to form a matte.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ni/nickel.html (506 words)

	Nickel
		Nickel is conjectured to play a role in processes related to the vitamin B12-and folic acid-dependent pathway in methione metabolism.
		Nickel is not significantly accumulated by any tissue in the body, although the thyroid and adrenal glands have relatively high nickel concentrations compared with other tissues.
		Nickel is available in some multivitamin preparations, typically at a dose of about 5 micrograms.
	www.pdrhealth.com /drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/nic_0182.shtml (401 words)

	NICKEL
		Although a number of cellular effects of nickel have been documented, a deficiency disease has not been described in man. Nickel is found in highest concentrations in lung, kidney and some hormone-producing tissues.
		Nickel has great affinity for cellular structures such as chromosomes and ion channels, but its influence on them at normal tissue concentrations is not known.
		Excessive nickel in tissues is pro-oxidant (damaging chromosomes and other cell components) and alters hormone and enzyme activities, movement of ions through membranes, and immune function.
	www.tjclarkinc.com /minerals/nickel.htm (518 words)

	C&EN: IT'S ELEMENTAL: THE PERIODIC TABLE - NICKEL
		The U.S. nickel is 25% nickel and 75% copper.
		Nickel refiners had a number of health problems in the past, but current exposures to nickel in the workplace are much lower.
		Still, caution is taken with nickel refinery dust and especially nickel subsulfide (Ni Another compound of concern is nickel carbonyl, a highly toxic, volatile liquid used to purify nickel or to produce fine nickel particles.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/80th/nickel.html (883 words)

	Nickel alloy allergies -Newertwist.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Also some say their jewelry is nickel free, but by some laws nickel free could mean that is has very low contents of nickel in it, that normally would not affect you unless you had an extreme allergy to nickel.
		If you already have a known nickel allergy there is a chance the jewelry you were wearing had a low enough content of nickel in it that it did not cause a reaction before.
		Nickel free does not guarantee that there is a 0% content of nickel, it only guarantee's a low enough content that most will not react to it.
	newertwist.com /nickel/nickel.htm (3341 words)

	Nickel (EHC 108, 1991)
		Nickel carbonate, nickel sulfide, and nickel oxide are insoluble in water, whereas nickel chloride, nickel sulfate, and nickel nitrate are water soluble.
		Nickel is a ubiquitous trace metal and occurs in soil, water, air, and in the biosphere.
		Nickel, which is emitted into the environment from both natural and man-made sources, is circulated throughout all environmental compartments by means of chemical and physical processes, and is biologically transported by living organisms.
	www.inchem.org /documents/ehc/ehc/ehc108.htm (13075 words)

	Welcome to Nickel & Nickel - Single Vineyard Wines
		Welcome to Nickel and Nickel - Single Vineyard Wines
		Guided tours and tastings are offered to the public several times each day, by appointment.
		The Nickel & Nickel winery, founded in 1997 but born from a tradition of exceptional winemaking, is devoted to creating wines that articulate the singular expressions of the vineyards in Oakville and beyond.
	www.nickelandnickel.com (97 words)

	The United States Mint
		In commemoration of the bicentennials of the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark expedition, the President enacted Public Law 108-15 to modify the Jefferson 5-cent coin (nickel) to reflect images evocative of the historic expedition into the Louisiana Territory.
		The United States Mint began the Westward Journey Nickel Series™ in 2004 with the release of the Peace Medal and Keelboat nickels.
		The image of a buffalo adorned the reverse of the nickel from 1913-1938.
	www.usmint.gov /mint_programs/index.cfm?action=nickel_series (455 words)

	Mineral Information Institute - NICKEL
		Nickel, with a symbol of Ni, is a silvery shiny, metallic element with an atomic number of 28.
		Nickel is also important to the proper function of some enzymes in both plants and animals.
		The remaining 6% of the annual nickel use is for a variety of purposes including the production of coins, nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries; as a catalyst for certain chemical reactions; and, as a colorant, nickel is added to glass to give it a green color.
	www.mii.org /Minerals/photonickl.html (1006 words)

	Nickel allergy. DermNet NZ
		Nickel allergy is more common in women, probably because they are more likely to have pierced ears than men, although this is changing.
		Nickel allergy is diagnosed by the clinical history and by special allergy tests, patch tests.
		Nickel dermatitis may be aggravated by contact with paper clips, typewriter keys, instruments, metal fragments from a lathe or chain saw.
	dermnetnz.org /dermatitis/nickel-allergy.html (638 words)

	CRB Fundamentals
		Nickel is somewhat ferromagnetic and is a fair conductor of heat and electricity.
		Nickel is used in coins to replace silver, in rechargeable batteries, and in electronic circuitry.
		Nickel plating techniques, like electro-less coating or single-slurry coating, are employed in such applications as turbine blades, helicopter rotors, extrusion dies, and rolled steel strip.
	www.crbtrader.com /fund/articles/nickel.asp (492 words)

	Nickel
		Nickel deprivation resulted in: ultrastructural changes in the liver with the most obvious abnormality in the organization of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; altered gross appearance, reduced oxidative ability, and decreased lipid phosphorus in the liver; altered shank skin pigmentation that was associated with a decrease in yellow lipochrome pigments; and lower hematocrits.
		In contrast to the soluble nickel salts (chloride, nitrate, sulfate), metallic nickel, nickel sulfides, and nickel oxides are poorly water-soluble.
		Nickel is not a cumulative toxin in animals or in humans.
	www.ithyroid.com /nickel.htm (696 words)

	Nickel (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Nickel is obtained commercially from pentlandite and pyrrhotite of the Sudbury region of Ontario, a district that produces about 30% of the nickel for the Free World.
		Nickel is also now used extensively in coinage and in making nickel steel for armor plate and burglar-proof vaults, and is a component in Nichrome(R), Permalloy(R), and constantan.
		Nickel sulfide fume and dust is recognized as having carcinogenic potential.
	www.scescape.net /~woods/elements/nickel.html (311 words)

	Basic Science Paper: Nickel Carcinogenicity (ENV-3) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The nickel industry continues to work to reduce further respiratory cancer risks by minimizing nickel-containing dusts in the workplace, by requiring respiratory protective equipment be worn in some localized areas, and by educating and training workers.
		Nickel subsulphide is a respiratory carcinogen because of its ability to deliver Ni to the nucleus of lung epithelial cells.
		Evaluation of the role of soluble nickel is complicated by the potentially confounding effects of smoking, a known cause of lung cancer, coexposure to insoluble forms of nickel as a result of the processes and the work environment, and, in some time periods, exposures to other chemicals in the workplace...
	www.nidi.org /index.cfm/ci_id/98.htm (5900 words)

	Assignment 1 - FCC Nickel (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Nickel (Ni), aside from being a monetary unit worth one twentieth of a dollar, is an element of atomic number 28.
		Nickel also can serve to bring together to some extent such metallurgically immiscible metals as copper and chromium in the same alloy, so that a considerable range of compositions is available, often as a single phase alloy.
		Because of its electrical and magnetic properties, nickel is used in anodes and grids of televisions and ultrasonic transducers.
	ftp.sv.vt.edu /crcd/looveren/farkas1/farkas1.htm (412 words)

	Nickel Allergy
		A nickel allergy is a reaction that develops after initial and/or brief, or repeated and/or prolonged, exposure to nickel or nickel-containing items, depending on the individual's susceptibility.
		Specifically, nickel allergy is a contact allergy, which is an allergic skin reaction in response to being exposed to a contact allergen or irritant, such as nickel.
		Some nickel allergy treatments include topical steroids, which must be used as directed by a dermatologist; compresses made of Burow's solution diluted with water, which help dry up blisters; and/or, emollient creams, which help alleviate the dryness and itch of dermatitis when frequently applied.
	www.aocd.org /skin/dermatologic_diseases/nickel_allergy.html (922 words)

	Nickel
		Nickel is obtained commercially from pentlandite and pyrrhotite of the Sudbury region of Ontario, a district that produces about 30 percent of the world's supply of nickel.
		Nickel, used extensively to make coins and nickel steel for armor plates and burglar-proof vaults, and is also a component in Nichrome(R), Permalloy(R), and constantan.
		Nickel plating is often used to provide a protective coating for other metals, and finely divided nickel is a catalyst for hydrogenating vegetable oils.
	periodic.lanl.gov /elements/28.html (305 words)

	EPA Ground Water & Drinking Water > breadcrumb? > Consumer Factsheet on: NICKEL
		Nickel compounds can be made as a by-product during various industrial processes that use nickel catalysts, such as coal gasification, petroleum refining, and hydrogenation of fats and oils.
		Nickel is one of the most mobile of the heavy metals when released to water, particularly in polluted waters, where organic material will keep nickel soluble.
		Nickel released to soil may leach into ground water or be washed into surface water.
	www.epa.gov /OGWDW/dwh/c-ioc/nickel.html (934 words)

	Nickle Compounds \| Technology Transfer Network Air Toxics Web site \| US EPA
		Nickel dermatitis, consisting of itching of the fingers, hands, and forearms, is the most common effect in humans from chronic (long-term) skin contact with nickel.
		Nickel is found in ambient air at very low levels as a result of releases from oil and coal combustion, nickel metal refining, sewage sludge incineration, manufacturing facilities, and other sources.
		Nickel is a silvery-white metal that is found in nature as a component of silicate, sulfide, or arsenide ores.
	www.epa.gov /ttn/atw/hlthef/nickel.html (1783 words)

	Nickel (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The DHS staff reports that several studies of nickel refinery workers have demonstrated that there is an "association between respiratory cancer mortality and nickel exposure." The DHS staff found this association to be consistent, replicable, of substantiable magnitude, and having a clear dose-response relationship with high statistical significance.
		The estimated mean nickel concentrations for the years of 1985 and 1986 ranged from 2.8 nanograms per cubic meter (a nanogram is one billionth of a gram) in the Sacramento Valley Air Basin to 11.0 nanograms per cubic meter in the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin.
		Nickel and nickel compounds are localized in the smallest particles (i.e., those less than 2.5 microns), a size which penetrates deepest into the human pulmonary tract.
	www.oehha.ca.gov /air/toxic_contaminants/html/Nickel.htm (2441 words)

	It's Elemental - The Element Nickel
		Finely divided nickel is used as a catalyst for the hydrogenation of vegetable oils.
		Nickel is also used to manufacture some types of coins and batteries.
		Nickel is alloyed with other metals to improve their strength and resistance to corrosion.
	education.jlab.org /itselemental/ele028.html (211 words)

	Nickel
		Nickel discovered in 1751 in kupfernickel (niccolite) by Crostedt, is obtained commercially from pentlandite and pyrrhotite.
		Nickel is highly resistant to atmospheric corrosion and resists most acids, but is attacked by oxidising acids such as nitric acid.
		High purity nickels are used in electronic and aerospace applications, chemical and food processing equipment, for anodes and cathodes, caustics evaporators and heat shields.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=617 (294 words)

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