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	Nickel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nickel is a metallic chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Ni and atomic number 28.
		Nickel is one of the five ferromagnetic elements.
		Kamacite is a naturally occurring alloy of iron and nickel, usually in the proportion of 90:10 to 95:5 although impurities such as cobalt or carbon may be present.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nickel (1352 words)

	The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: nickel @ HighBeam Research
		The nickel oxides are also important; they are used in ceramic glazes, in glass manufacture, in the preparation of alloys, and in the Edison battery.
		Nickel is used as a protective and ornamental coating for less corrosion resistant metals, especially iron and steel; it is applied by electroplating and by other methods (see plating).
		Nickel sulfide ores are concentrated by the flotation process, then smelted or roasted to partially convert them to the oxide form, and further treated in a Bessemer converter to form a matte.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1E1:nickel&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (506 words)

	Nickel
		Nickel steel is used for armor plates and burglar-proof vaults.
		Nickel centers are a common element in those hydrogenases whose function is to oxidize rather than evolve hydrogen.
		The nickel center appears to undergo changes in oxidation state, and evidence has been presented that the nickel center might be the active site of these enzymes.
	www.xasa.biz /wiki/en/wikipedia/n/ni/nickel.html (1060 words)

	AllRefer.com - nickel, Compound & Element (Compounds And Elements) - Encyclopedia
		In its magnetic properties and chemical activity it resembles iron and cobalt, the elements preceding it in group VIII of the periodic table.
		The chief attributes of nickel alloys are strength, ductility, and resistance to corrosion and heat.
		Nickel occurs in a number of minerals; its chief ores are pentlandite and pyrrhotite (nickel-iron sulfides) and garnierite (nickel-magnesium silicate).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/N/nickel.html (557 words)

	Nickel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Nickel is found as a constituent in most meteorites and often serves as one of the criteria for distinguishing a meteorite from other minerals.
		Nickel is obtained commercially from pentlandite and pyrrhotite of the Sudbury region of Ontario, a district that produces about 30% of the nickel for the Free World.
		Nickel plating is often used to provide a protective coating for other metals, and finely divided nickel is a catalyst for hydrogenating vegetable oils.
	www.scescape.net /~woods/elements/nickel.html (311 words)

	Nickel
		Nickel is a toxic trace element and exposure may occur in nickel refining, electroplating, nickel/cadmium battery manufacturing and glass-making.
		Nickel content of cigarettes is about 3 µg of which 10-20% is released in smoke and may be absorbed in lungs.
		Insoluble nickel compounds such as nickel sulphide and nickel oxide can build up in the lungs and be released slowly over time which may not be reflected in a change in urinary nickel levels.
	www.trace-elements.org.uk /Nickel.htm (272 words)

	C&EN: IT'S ELEMENTAL: THE PERIODIC TABLE - NICKEL
		The U.S. nickel is 25% nickel and 75% copper.
		Nickel refiners had a number of health problems in the past, but current exposures to nickel in the workplace are much lower.
		Still, caution is taken with nickel refinery dust and especially nickel subsulfide (Ni Another compound of concern is nickel carbonyl, a highly toxic, volatile liquid used to purify nickel or to produce fine nickel particles.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/80th/nickel.html (883 words)

	Nickel Chemistry
		Nickel is known primarily for its divalent compounds since the most important oxidation state of the element is +2.
		An alloy of nickel and copper for example is a component of the tubing used in the desalination of sea water.
		Nickel alloys are especially valued for their strength, resistance to corrosion and in the case of stainless steel for example, aesthetic value.
	wwwchem.uwimona.edu.jm /courses/nickel.html (1648 words)

	Nickel
		Nickel (Ni) is the fifth most abundant element in the earth, but it is rare in crustal rocks.
		Elemental nickel is a silvery, hard, ductile metal with a moderately high melting temperature and a relatively high specific gravity (8.9).
		Nickel is vital to the stainless steel industry and played a key role in the 20th century in the development of the chemical and aerospace industries.
	www.state.ar.us /agc/nickel.htm (431 words)

	ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Nickel
		Nickel compounds are used for nickel plating, to color ceramics, to make some batteries, and as substances known as catalysts that increase the rate of chemical reactions.
		Approximately 10-20% of the population is sensitive to nickel.
		More nickel was measured in the urine of workers who were exposed to nickel compounds that dissolve easily in water than in the urine of workers exposed to nickel compounds that are hard to dissolve.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /tfacts15.html (1197 words)

	Nickel
		Nickel discovered in 1751 in kupfernickel (niccolite) by Crostedt, is obtained commercially from pentlandite and pyrrhotite.
		Nickel is highly resistant to atmospheric corrosion and resists most acids, but is attacked by oxidising acids such as nitric acid.
		High purity nickels are used in electronic and aerospace applications, chemical and food processing equipment, for anodes and cathodes, caustics evaporators and heat shields.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=617 (294 words)

	Nickel was used industrially as an alloying metal almost 2,000 years before it was isolated and recognized as a new ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Because the conversion of nickel sulfide directly to metal would require an extremely high temperature (in excess of 1,600º C [2,910º F]), the removal of sulfur at this stage of the converting process is controlled in order to produce the 70-75 percent nickel matte, which has a lower melting point.
		Nickel steel, containing about 2 to 4 percent nickel, is used in automobile parts such as axles, crankshafts, gears, valves, and rods; in machine parts; and in armor plate.
		The nickel coins used for currency are an alloy of 25 percent nickel and 75 percent copper.
	www.eng.morgan.edu /~wfitch/IEGR309/Nickel.html (2148 words)

	[No title]
		Nickel is a naturally occurring element that exists in nature mainly in the form of sulfide, oxide, and silicate minerals.
		Although the actual amount of nickel permeating the skin from nickel-containing materials is unknown, in studies using excised human skin, the percent permeation was small, ranging from 0.23 (non-occluded skin) to 3.5 percent (occluded skin) of an administered dose of nickel chloride.
		Although oxidic nickel is present in most major industry sectors, it is of interest to note that epidemiological studies have not consistently implicated all sectors as being associated with respiratory cancer.
	www.nipera.org /index.cfm/ci_id/13025/la_id/1.htm (5647 words)

	Assignment 1 - FCC Nickel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Nickel (Ni), aside from being a monetary unit worth one twentieth of a dollar, is an element of atomic number 28.
		Nickel also can serve to bring together to some extent such metallurgically immiscible metals as copper and chromium in the same alloy, so that a considerable range of compositions is available, often as a single phase alloy.
		Because of its electrical and magnetic properties, nickel is used in anodes and grids of televisions and ultrasonic transducers.
	ftp.sv.vt.edu /crcd/looveren/farkas1/farkas1.htm (412 words)

	Nickel (Ni) - Chemical properties, Health and Environmental effects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		It occurs combined with sulphur in millerite, with arsenic in the mineral niccolite, and with arsenic and sulphur in nickel glance.
		Nickel can also end up in surface water when it is a part of wastewater streams.
		Nickel is not known to accumulate in plants or animals.
	www.lenntech.com /Periodic-chart-elements/Ni-en.htm (678 words)

	Nickel (Element) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Nickel is obtained commercially from pentlandite and pyrrhotite of the Sudbury region in Ontario, which produces about 30% for the free world.
		Nickel is silvery white and takes on a high polish, it is also hard, malleable, ductile, and somewhat ferromagnetic.
		Nickel is also used in making coins and steel for armor plate and also for burglar-proof vaults.
	www.tamuk.edu /chemistry/WebElements/nickel_element.htm (103 words)

	Human Health & the Environment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Nickel can be toxic at high levels although the human body is generally able to regulate the level of nickel through normal excretory processes.
		Nickel allergic contact dermatitis is a common but preventable condition and not usually associated with stainless steels.
		Nickel is a naturally occuring element and, as a consequence of natural processes, can be found in all waters, soils, sediments and in the air.
	www.nidi.org /index.cfm/ci_id/10/la_id/1.htm (207 words)

	ELEMENT: NICKEL
		Nickel is found as a constitutent in most meteorites and often serves as one of the criteria for distinguishing a meteorite from other minerals.
		Nickel is obtained commercially from pentlandite and pyrrhotite of the Sudbury region of Ontario, a district that produces about 30 percent of the world's supply of nickel.
		Nickel, used extensively to make coins and nickel steel for armor plates and burglar-proof vaults, and is also a component in Nichrome(R), Permalloy(R), and constantan.
	www.radiochemistry.org /periodictable/elements/28.html (310 words)

	All Metals & Forge, LLC Periodic Table of Elements
		Element 110 was produced by fusing nickel and lead atom together.
		This was achieved by accelerating the nickel atoms to a high energy in the heavy ion accelerator.
		This element was only found to have a lifetime of less than 1/1000th of a second.
	www.steelforge.com /infoservices/periodic/110.htm (249 words)

	It's Elemental - The Element Nickel
		Nickel was discovered by the Swedish chemist Axel Fredrik Cronstedt in the mineral niccolite (NiAs) in 1751.
		Finely divided nickel is used as a catalyst for the hydrogenation of vegetable oils.
		Nickel is alloyed with other metals to improve their strength and resistance to corrosion.
	education.jlab.org /itselemental/ele028.html (211 words)

	A Hotlist on Nickel
		Also, the element nickel has a boiling point of 3005 K and a melting point of 1726 K. The density of the element is 8902.
		Nickel in Croatian is Nikal and in Italian nickel is Nichel.
		Another interesting fact is that nickel is found as a constituent in most meteorites and often serves as one of the criteria for distinguishing a meteorite from other minerals.
	www.kn.sbc.com /wired/fil/pages/listnickelni.html (1193 words)

	Nickel & Its Uses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Nickel is the secret behind indestructible spectacle frames and uncrushable wired bras, yet it was once a metal that people avoided because it can cause an allergic reaction if it is in contact with skin.
		More importantly is the nickel used to make superalloy turbine blades for power stations which increase their efficiency by 18% and which make it possible to generate more power from less fossil fuel.
		Nickel is a key component of many different materials that are used by society in many different industries to manufacture a wide range of end-use products.
	www.nidi.org /index.cfm/ci_id/8/la_id/1.htm (379 words)

	28 Nickel
		US nickels are not primarily made of nickel, but Canadian quarters were until 2001, so it's not hard to find little disks of nickel.
		Nickel is widely used as a plating metal, underneath chromium plating on car bumpers for example.
		This was described as pure nickel by a seller who (a) had obviously never seen pure nickel and (b) didn't know that "babbitt" refers to a bearing alloy consisting typically of tin, lead, antimony, and copper.
	theodoregray.com /PeriodicTable/Elements/028/index.s7.html (2767 words)

	Nickel: Element of Satan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Nickel is a relatively abundant metal, consisting of.007 percent of the earth's crust.
		Nickel has many uses, of them it is used most in alloys with other metals such as chromium to produce high strength steel that will not corrode (stainless steel).
		Nickel salts are used in electroplating and for hardening oils in soap and margarine.
	www.nmia.com /~soki/nickel/main.htm (225 words)

	Periodic Table of the Elements - National Research Council Canada
		To many Canadians, nickel is a five-cent coin with the beaver on one of its faces.
		Nickel is frequently electroplated on other metals to provide a protective coating.
		Nickel is one of the main metals used in rechargeable batteries.
	www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca /randd/education/elements/el/ni_e.html (244 words)

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