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Topic: Nickel carbonyl

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	Nickel carbonyl - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nickel carbonyl, or tetracarbonylnickel is the compound Ni(CO)
		Nickel metal reacts at room temperature with carbon monoxide (CO) to form the tetracarbonyl.
		Nickel carbonyl poisoning is characterized by a two-stage illness.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nickel_carbonyl (444 words)

	Nickel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nickel is a metallic chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Ni and atomic number 28.
		Nickel sulfide fume and dust is believed to be carcinogenic, and various other nickel compounds may be as well.
		The toxicity of metal carbonyls is a function of both the toxicity of a metal as well as the carbonyl's ability to give off highly toxic carbon monoxide gas, and this one is no exception.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nickel (0 words)

	[No title]
		Nickel reacts violently with fluorine (F2), ammonium nitrate, hydrazine, ammonia, a mixture of hydrogen (H2) and dioxane, performic acid, phosphorus, selenium, sulfur, or a mixture of titanium and potassium chlorate.
		Nickel carbonate is used in electroplating and in the preparation of nickel catalysts, ceramic colors, and glazes.
		Nickel oxide is used in nickel salts, porcelain painting, fuel cell electrodes, and the manufacture of stainless and alloy steel.
	www.rxn.com /~uffda/archive/science/nickel.txt (0 words)

	HHMI Lab Safety: LCSS: NICKEL CARBONYL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Nickel carbonyl is listed by IARC in Group 2B ("possible human carcinogen"), is listed by NTP as "reasonably anticipated to be a carcinogen," and is classified as a "select carcinogen" under the criteria of the OSHA Laboratory Standard.
		Nickel carbonyl is incompatible with mercury, nitric acid, chlorine, and other oxidizers, which may cause fires and explosions.
		In particular, work with nickel carbonyl should be conducted in a fume hood to prevent exposure by inhalation and splash goggles and impermeable gloves should be worn at all times to prevent eye and skin contact.
	www.hhmi.org /about/labsafe/lcss/lcss61.html (0 words)

	Nickel, nickel carbonyl, and some nickel compounds (HSG 62, 1991)
		In rivers, nickel is mainly transported in the form of a precipitated coating on particles, and in association with organic matter; in lakes, it is transported in the ionic form, predominantly in association with organic matter.
		Nickel is introduced into the environment from both natural and man-made sources and is circulated throughout all environmental compartments by means of chemical and physical processes, as well as by the biological transport mechanisms of living organisms.
		Nickel absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is poor, though, in an empty stomach, nickel in drinking-water is absorbed to a greater extent.
	www.inchem.org /documents/hsg/hsg/hsg062.htm (0 words)

	Nickel Powders from the Carbonyl Process (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The nickel carbonyl gas process on the other hand tends to produce much finer particles, and with sufficient production know-how plus the latest computerised process controls, the particles produced can be precisely controlled to very accurate shapes and tolerances.
		Nickel powders of various types, especially spiky dendritic and fine filamentary types, can be used to bind the ‘hard’ components such as tungsten and titanium carbides, replacing expensive fine cobalt powder grades.
		Nickel's range of conducting and magnetic properties can be exploited in a variety of powder forms, including particulate nickel and nickel oxide, and in products such as nickel coated graphite and nickel coated carbon fibres.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=499 (0 words)

	Health Guide: The Safe Use of Nickel in the Workplace (summary version)
		Nickel is a naturally occurring element that exists in nature mainly in the form of sulfide, oxide, and silicate minerals.
		Although the actual amount of nickel permeating the skin from nickel-containing materials is unknown, in studies using excised human skin, the percent permeation was small, ranging from 0.23 (non-occluded skin) to 3.5 percent (occluded skin) of an administered dose of nickel chloride.
		A lack of increased nickel concentration in biological fluids does not necessarily indicate that a worker is not significantly exposed to some insoluble form of nickel which may be residing in the lung.
	www.nickelinstitute.org /index.cfm/ci_id/102.htm (0 words)

	Nickel (EHC 108, 1991)
		Nickel carbonate, nickel sulfide, and nickel oxide are insoluble in water, whereas nickel chloride, nickel sulfate, and nickel nitrate are water soluble.
		Nickel is a ubiquitous trace metal and occurs in soil, water, air, and in the biosphere.
		Nickel, which is emitted into the environment from both natural and man-made sources, is circulated throughout all environmental compartments by means of chemical and physical processes, and is biologically transported by living organisms.
	www.inchem.org /documents/ehc/ehc/ehc108.htm (0 words)

	Nickel carbonyl (CASRN 13463-39-3), IRIS, Environmental Protection Agency
		Nickel carbonyl was the first nickel compound suspected of causing cancer in humans in a detailed analysis of epidemiologic data from a study of workers at a sulfide nickel matte refinery at Clydach, Wales.
		In the chronic and acute nickel carbonyl exposure groups, three animals of the 80 surviving the 2-year exposure and/or observation period showed pulmonary carcinomas and metastases: one with pulmonary adenocarcinoma, one with anaplastic carcinoma, and one with adenocarcinoma.
		The carcinogenicity of intravenous nickel carbonyl in rats.
	www.epa.gov /iris/subst/0274.htm (0 words)

	Nickel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Primary nickel is recovered from mined ore and nickel matte, and secondary nickel is recovered from scrap metal.
		The various nickel oxide species have markedly different physicochemical characteristics and biological effects; as a result, it is important to distinguish between various nickel oxide species, particularly nickel oxide fl, which is chemically reactive, and nickel oxide green, which is inert and refractory.
		The nickel compounds implicated as potential carcinogens are insoluble dusts of nickel subsulfide and nickel oxides, the vapor of nickel carbonyl, and soluble aerosols of nickel sulfate, nitrate, or chloride.
	www.nsc.org /ehc/chemical/Nickel.htm (0 words)

	NICKEL - LoveToKnow Article on NICKEL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Nickel is used for the manufacture of domestic utensils, for crucibles, coinage, plating, and for the preparation.
		Nickel chloride, NiCL, is obtained in the anhydrous condition by heating the hydrated salt to J4~0 C., or by gently heating the finely divided metal in a current of chlorine.
		Nickel carbonate, NiCOm, is obtained in the anhydrous state by heating nickel chloride withcalcium carbonate in a sealed tube to 150 C. de Snarmont, Ann.
	www.1911ency.org /N/NI/NICKEL.htm (0 words)

	nickel
		Nickel is found as a constituent in most meteorites and often serves as one of the criteria for distinguishing a meteorite from other minerals.
		Nickel is obtained commercially from pentlandite and pyrrhotite of the Sudbury region of Ontario, a district that produces much of the world's nickel.
		Nickel plating is often used to provide a protective coating for other metals, and finely divided nickel is a catalyst for hydrogenating vegetable oils.
	www.speclab.com /elements/nickel.htm (0 words)

	ipedia.com: Nickel Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Nickel steel is used for armor plates and burglar-proof vaults.
		Nickel centers are a common element in those hydrogenases whose function is to oxidize rather than evolve hydrogen.
		Nickel sulfide fume and dust is believed to be carcinogenic.
	www.ipedia.com /nickel.html (0 words)

	[No title]
		The potential for nickel alloys to elicit an allergic reaction in occupational settings will depend on both the sweat resistant properties of the alloy and the amount of time that a worker is in direct and prolonged skin contact with an alloy.
		Although oxidic nickel is present in most major industry sectors, it is of interest to note that epidemiological studies have not consistently implicated all sectors as being associated with respiratory cancer.
		Recent experience at a nickel carbonyl refinery has shown that the clinical severity of the acute nickel carbonyl exposure can also be correlated to nickel levels in early urinary samples (within the first 12 hours of exposure).
	www.nipera.org /index.cfm/ci_id/13025/la_id/1.htm (0 words)

	Nickel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Nickel discovered in 1751 in kupfernickel (niccolite) by Crostedt, is obtained commercially from pentlandite and pyrrhotite.
		Nickel is highly resistant to atmospheric corrosion and resists most acids, but is attacked by oxidising acids such as nitric acid.
		Nickel carbonyl is considered very toxic and exposure should be very limited.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=617 (0 words)

	"Building Large Molds Atom by Atom" Nickel magazine June 98 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Nickel carbonyl vapor is fed into a low-pressure chamber where, at a temperature of 180° C, the vapor decomposes and nickel is deposited, atom by atom, on to a heated metallic master, or mandrel.
		Also, nickel's excellent thermal conductivity reduces cycle times in the injection molding process because heat is quickly transferred from the shell to water-cooling channels in the mold assembly.
		Nickel has other engineering advantages in shell molds, including: its outstanding weldability, the uniform wall thicknesses possible and the absence of residual stresses.
	www.nidi.org /nickel/0698/9-0698n.shtml (0 words)

	Near Earth Asteroid Utilization and Carbonyl Metallurgical Processes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As little as 1% nickel tetracarbonyl content in an atmosphere of carbon monoxide can be a useful CVD gaseous composition.
		Nickel (without boron) deposited from nickel tetracarbonyl has tensile strength in the range of 80 to 90 Kpsi, and a Rockwell Hardness of 10 to 20.
		Carbonyl metallurgical processing can be used to produce habitats and industrial capacity in space.
	www.angelfire.com /trek/galactic_mining/carbonyl.htm (0 words)

	Documentation for Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLHs)
		However, the revised IDLH for nickel carbonyl is 2 ppm based on being 2,000 times the current OSHA PEL of 0.001 ppm (2,000 is an assigned protection factor for respirators; only the "most reliable" respirators are recommended above 2,000 times the OSHA PEL).
		Procedures for detection, prevention, and treatment of nickel carbonyl exposure including a method for the determination of nickel in biologic materials.
		Experimental study of the effects of acute and subacute exposure to nickel carbonyl.
	www.cdc.gov /niosh/idlh/13463393.html (0 words)

	Re: What chemical reactions are involved in the production of nickel?
		Nickel was named after Satan because of the difficulty of separating it from copper.
		Nickel is usually found as a sulfide, although it can also be found as an oxide or a silicide.
		The nickel carbonyl is heated to a higher temperature, where it becomes unstable and decomposes into metallic nickel and carbon monoxide.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/sep99/936669308.Ch.r.html (0 words)

	RAIS: Nickel and Compounds (000083-32-9) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Nickel compounds are also used for nickel plating, to color ceramics, to make some batteries, and as substances known as catalysts that increase the rate of chemical reactions.
		Nickel forms included in this profile are: Nickel carbonyl, CAS number 13463-39-3; Nickel refinery dust, no CAS number; Nickel subsulfide, CAS number 12035-72-2; and Nickel soluble salts, no CAS number.
		A small amount of nickel is probably essential for humans, although a lack of nickel has not been found to affect the health of humans.
	risk.lsd.ornl.gov /tox/profiles/nickel_and_nickel_compounds_ragsa.shtml (0 words)

	[No title]
		Laughlin, a veteran employee at Inco's Copper Cliff Nickel Refinery, died from lung failure about six days after he was exposed to toxic nickel carbonyl gas, according to the labour ministry's allegations.
		During his last shift at the nickel refinery, on March 19, 2002, Laughlin was assigned the task of draining a series tanks containing nickel carbonyl.
		A co-worker at the nickel refinery said Tuesday he sympathizes with Callaghan, whom he described as a competent and respected employee.
	www.minesandcommunities.org /Action/press150.htm (0 words)

	Chemistry : Periodic Table : nickel : key information
		nickel is available in many forms including foil, powder, flakes, sheet, wire, mesh, spheres, "evaporation slugs", and rods.
		Small and large samples of nickel foil like this, as well as sheet, wire, mesh and rod (and nickel alloys in foil, sheet, wire, insulated wire and rod form) can be purchased from Advent Research Materials via their web catalogue.
		Nickel oxides are reacted with "water gas", a mixture of CO + H
	www.webelements.com /webelements/elements/text/Ni/key.html (0 words)

	Green Car Congress: New Nickel Foam Plant in China a Boost to its Battery Industry
		This gas decomposes back to nickel metal and carbon monoxide when heated to about 150ºC. Inco passes polyurethane foam through an atmosphere of nickel carbonyl and then heats the polyurethane with infra-red heaters, decomposing the nickel carbonyl back to nickel on the surface of the polyurethane.
		The foam is then plated in a nickel bath in an analogous manner to typical electroplating of parts for corrosion resistance or decorative purposes.
		Electroplated nickel foam tends to have an uneven distribution of nickel, with thicker Ni strands near surface and weaker stands in the middle due to the edge effect of current distribution during electroplating.
	www.greencarcongress.com /2005/07/new_nickel_foam.html (0 words)

	Nickel Carbonyl Clusters
		Among these, polypyridyl nickel complexes have been reported to act as effective catalysts for the reduction of carbon dioxide, carbonylation of alkyl and aryl halides and hydroformylation reactions.
		The catalytic cycles generally involve the initial formation of nickel carbonyl or nickel carbonyl hydride compounds as the catalytically active species.
		We have explored the formation of nickel carbonyl compounds and clusters by reduction of polypyridyl compounds under moderate pressures of CO and CO using high pressure IR spectroelectrochemical (HP IR SEC) techniques.
	www.chemistry.unimelb.edu.au /staff/spbest/research/projects/NiCO.htm (0 words)

	Inhalational Nickel Carbonyl Poisoning in Waste Processing Workers -- Seet et al. 128 (1): 424 -- Chest
		Inhalational Nickel Carbonyl Poisoning in Waste Processing Workers -- Seet et al.
		urinary nickel concentration was detected in all patients.
		of nickel waste was implicated as the source of nickel carbonyl
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/abstract/128/1/424 (0 words)

	Carbonyl Nickel Powder & Liquid from READE
		carbonyl nickel powder, nickel carbonyl liquid, CAS 13463-39-31, liquid carbonyl nickel, nickel carbonyl grade, ni, carbonyl nickel powder, nickel carbonyl liquid, CAS 13463-39-31, liquid carbonyl nickel, nickel carbonyl grade, ni
		Produced by the decomposition of nickel carbonyl using vapor metallurgy processing.
		carbonyl nickel powder type 123, type 255, type 287, liquid carbonyl nickel, carbonyl nickel powder type 123, type 255, type 287, liquid carbonyl nickel, carbonyl nickel powder type 123, type 255, type 287, liquid carbonyl nickel
	www.reade.com /Products/Elements/carbonyl_nickel.html (0 words)

	Safety (MSDS) data for nickel carbonyl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Synonyms: nickel tetracarbonyl, tetracarbonyl nickel, (T-4) nickel carbonyl
		May be fatal if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin.
		We have not verified this information, and cannot guarantee that it is up-to-date.
	ptcl.chem.ox.ac.uk /MSDS/NI/nickel_carbonyl.html (0 words)

	Chemical Sampling Information: Nickel Carbonyl
		NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Nickel carbonyl.
		Berge, S.R. and Skyberg, K.: Radiographic evidence of pulmonary fibrosis and possible etiologic factors at a nickel refinery in Norway.
		Scott, L.K., Grier, L.R., Arnold, T.C. and Conrad, S.A.: Respiratory failure from inhalational nickel carbonyl exposure treated with continuous high-volume hemofiltration and disulfiram.
	www.osha.gov /dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_256150.html (0 words)

	Nickel Carbonyl
		The Huntington Pilot Plant operated between 1951-1963 and produced the highly toxic nickel carbonyl for uranium enrichment in Piketon, Ohio.
		Brian Laughlin, 50, died in March, 2002 when he was exposed to nickel carbonyl gas at Inco’s Copper Cliff acid plant.
		In memory of all cancer victims and loved ones left behind.
	carcinogens.cancer-help.org /Nickel_Carbonyl.html (0 words)

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