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Nicolas Catinat

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	Nicolas Catinat - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Nicolas Catinat (1637 - 1712), marshal of France, entered the Gardes Françaises at an early age and distinguished himself at the siege of Lille in 1667.
		In 1690 he conquered Savoy, and in 1691 Nice; the battle of Staffarda, won by him over the duke of Savoy in 1690, and that of Marsaglia in 1693, were amongst the greatest victories of the time.
		At the beginning of the war of the Spanish Succession, Catinat was placed in charge of operations in Italy, but he was much hampered by the orders of the French court and the weakness of the forces for their task.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Catinat (246 words)

	François de Neufville, duc de Villeroi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		His father Nicolas de Neufville, Marquis de Villeroi, Marshal of France (1598-1685) was governor of the young King Louis XIV who later created him a duke.
		Villeroi was responsible for the senseless bombing of Brussels in 1695, and therefore in a certain way was responsible for it's reconstruction in the 18th century which shows in the impressive architecture seen today (although it was again damaged in both World Wars).
		In 1701 he was sent to Italy to supersede Nicolas Catinat and was soon beaten by the inferior army of Eugene of Savoy at Chieri (see War of Spanish Succession).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Neufville,_duc_de_Villeroi (476 words)

	AllRefer.com - Nicolas Catinat (French History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Nicolas Catinat[nEkOlA´ kAtEnA´] Pronunciation Key, 1637–1712, marshal of France.
		The son of a magistrate, he won promotion by merit rather than by wealth or descent.
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Nicolas Catinat
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Catinat.html (202 words)

	MARSHAL OF FRANCE FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Nicolas de Neufville, Duke of Villeroi(1597 - 1685), Marshal of France in 1646
		Nicolas Catinat, Lord of Saint-Gracien ''Marshal Catinat'' (1637 - 1712), Marshal of France in 1693
		Nicolas Chalon du BlÃ©, Marquis of Huxelles (1652 - 1730), Marshal of France in 1703
	www.dontpayyourtaxes.com /Marshal_of_France (4428 words)

	Marshal_of_France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Nicolas Catinat, Lord of Saint-Gracien Marshal Catinat (1637-1712), Marshal of France in 1693
		Nicolas Chalon du Blé, Marquis of Huxelles (1652-1730), Marshal of France in 1703
		Nicolas Charles Oudinot, Duke of Reggio (1767-1847), marshal of France in 1809
	www.apawn.com /search.php?title=Marshal_of_France (4324 words)

	CATINAT, NICOLAS (1637-1712) - Encyclopedia Britannica - CATINAT, NICOLAS (1637-1712) - JCSM's Study Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		CATINAT, NICOLAS (1637-1712) - Encyclopedia Britannica - CATINAT, NICOLAS (1637-1712) - JCSM's Study Center
		In 1690 he conquered Savoy, and in 1691 Nice; the battle of Staffarda, won by him over the duke of Savoy in 1690, and tliat of Marsaglia in 1693, were amongst the greatest victories of the time.
		At the be-ginning of the war of the Spanish Succession, Catinat was placed in charge of operations in Italy, but he was much hampered by the orders of the French
	www.jcsm.org /StudyCenter/Encyclopedia_Britannica/CAR_CAU/CATINAT_NICOLAS_1637_1712_.html (360 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Nicolas Catinat
		Poussin, Nicolas (1594-1665), French painter, who was the founder and greatest practitioner of 17th-century French classical painting.
		Cage, Nicolas, born in 1964, American motion-picture actor known for playing intense roles with an edge of derangement.
		Malebranche, Nicolas (1638-1715), French philosopher, who developed a metaphysical theory called occasionalism.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/search.aspx?q=Nicolas+Catinat (101 words)

	A GEOGRAPHICAL INTRODUCTION TO FRENCH HISTORY
		Charles d'Albert (1578-1621), grand falconer in 1617, later DUKE OF LUYNES, and Nicolas de l'Hospital (1581-1644), captain of the king's guards in 1617, later marquis and DUKE OF VITRY.
		Also a fortress prison, where were to be incarcerated Nicolas Fouquet and the "man in the iron mask."
		Nicolas Fouquet (1615-1680): superintendent of finances (1653-1661) and solicitor general of the Parlement of Paris (1650-1661)
	www.udel.edu /History/hurt/H346Terms.htm (2878 words)

	Articles - Marshal of France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Louis Nicolas Davout, Duke of Auerstaedt, Prince of EckmÃ¼hl (1770 - 1823), Marshal of France in 1804
		Nicolas Charles Oudinot, Duke of Reggio (1767 - 1847), marshal of France in 1809
		Nicolas Joseph Maison, Marquis Maison (1771 - 1840), Marshal of France in 1829
	www.lastring.com /articles/Marshal_of_France?mySession=ba4a024b6874f48fb9389ce964664b1b (5083 words)

	extra-torino :: The guide of Torino
		In the 1500's the fort was completely restructured to become a residence worthy of a king.
		But the new structure (Carlo di Castellamonte was one of the architects in charge) was completely destroyed by the French troops of General Nicolas de Catinat in 1693.
		Vittorio Amedeo II entrusted the project of rebuilding the residence first to Michelangelo Garove and then to Filippo Juvarra.
	www.extratorino.it /ENG/scheda.php?ID=115&categoriaID=11 (223 words)

	Cryptologia: MAN IN THE IRON MASK - ENCORE ET ENFIN, CRYPTOLOGICALLY, THE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It began when a fellow officer who was studying the campaigns of one of Louis XIVs greatest marshals, Nicolas de Catinat, found a number of Catinat's coded messages in the French military archives, He asked Bazeries to solve them.
		Spurred by their work, I went on a recent visit to Paris to the successor to the Historical section, the Service historique de l'Armée de terre, now housed at the château de Vincennes, at the eastern edge of Paris.
		The Service historique's catalogue for the relevant dates includes nomenclators of Louis XIVs reign, but none for Catinat and none for 1691 or a little earlier except for one in Carton LXXXVII for 1690.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3926/is_200501/ai_n13244754 (1190 words)

	Eugene of Savoy. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		He was the principal imperial commander in the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14; see Spanish Succession, War of the).
		In N Italy, Eugene was victorious over the French forces under Nicolas Catinat and the duke of Villeroi.
		In 1704 he joined the duke of Marlborough in Bavaria, and together they won the signal victory of Blenheim.
	www.bonus.com /contour/bartlettqu/http@@/www.bartleby.com/65/eu/EugeneSa.html (451 words)

	Nice articles and news from Start Learning Now (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		By opening the harborports of the countship to all nations, and proclaiming full freedom of trade, Charles Emmanuel in 1626 gave a great stimulus to the commerce of the city, whose noble families took part in its mercantile enterprises.
		Captured by Nicolas CatinatCatinat in 1691, Nice was restored to Savoy in 1696; but it was again besieged by the French in 1705, and in the following year its citadel and ramparts were demolished.
		The Treaty of Utrecht (1713)treaty of Utrecht in 1713 once more gave the city back to Savoy; and in the peaceful years which followed the "new town" was built.
	www.startlearningnow.com /Nice.htm (1091 words)

	When from Our Exile
		I assumed “catinat” had something to do with hookers, since “catin” in French means trollop.
		The first link I found claimed that it was the name of a warship that saw action in 1856 and 1859, under the command of William Lelieur de Ville-sur-Arc, near Đà Nẵng.
		Then I found references to a Nicolas de Catinat, a Grand Marshal of France who lived from 1637 to 1712, and next I found an actual street in Paris with the same name, which appears to be named after the Grand Marshal.
	www.pauahtun.org /Exile/Exile.html (2702 words)

	Background
		His aggressive acts caused the Dutch and English to realize that they would have to fight for their commercial existence, and propelled the Austrian Emperor into their arms as a welcome ally.
		The first round of the war was fought in Italy in 1701, where Prince Eugene of Savoy, in command of the imperial forces, brilliantly outmanoeuvred and defeated Marshal Nicolas Catinat and Marshal Francois de Neufville, Duke of Villeroi.
		The dilatory behaviour of the Dutch caused Marlborough to begin his campaign in the Low Countries with caution, but during 1702-1703 he managed to capture a number of important towns including Huy, Limburg and Bonn.
	www.battlefieldanomalies.com /malplaquet/02_background.htm (665 words)

	François de Neufville, duc de Villeroi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		His father Nicolas de Neufville, Marquis de Villeroi, Marshal of France (1598-1685), created a duke by Louis XIV, was the young king's governor, and the boy was thus brought up in close relations with Louis.
		An intimate of the king, a finished courtier and leader of society and a man of great personal gallantry, Villeroi was marked out for advancement in the army, which he loved, but where career soldiers had always a juster appreciation of his incapacity than Louis.
		In 1695, when Luxembourg died, he obtained the command of the army in Flanders (see War of the Grand Alliance), and William III found him a far more complaisant opponent than the "little hunchback."
	worldhistory.com /wiki/F/Fran%E7ois-de-Neufville,-duc-de-Villeroi.htm (484 words)

	Spanish Succession (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The naval war, of which the first major battle was the French victory at Beachy Head (1690), was practically ended by the English victory of La Hogue (1692).
		On land, however, Louis and Vauban took Namur (1692); Marshal Luxembourg was victorious at Fleurus (1690) over the Dutch and at Steenkerke (1692) and Neerwinden (1693) over William III; and the duke of Savoy was defeated at Marsaglia by Catinat (1693), while another French army entered Catalonia.
		The exhaustion of the belligerents and the defection of Savoy from the Grand Alliance (1696) finally led to the Treaty of Ryswick.
	www.louis-xiv.de /louisold/Wars/SpanishSuccession.html (2372 words)

	MAUREL, ABDIAS (d. 1705) - Online Information article about MAUREL, ABDIAS (d. 1705)
		Kavallerie or Reiterei, derived ultimately from late Lat.
		account he himself is sometimes known as Catinat.
		In 1702, when the revolt in the See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /MAR_MEC/MAUREL_ABDIAS_d_1705_.html (240 words)

	Catinat, Nicolas - ENCYCLOPEDIA - The History Channel UK
		Catinat, Nicolas - ENCYCLOPEDIA - The History Channel UK or LOGIN
		Our search facility includes over 50,000 fully cross-referenced historical entries.
		THE HISTORY CHANNEL and BIOGRAPHY are trademarks of AandE Television Networks used under license ©2004 AandE Television Networks.
	www.thehistorychannel.co.uk /site/search/search.php?word=Catinat (227 words)

	[No title]
		Nicolas Bacon, Lord Keeper./In the Collection of his Grace the Duke of Bedford./ Frederico Zuccero pinx.
		Nicolas de Catinat Marechal de France./C,Vermeulen sculpsit et ex.
		Nicolas Coeffeteau Evesque de Dardanie/et nommé a l'Ev~ché de Marseille./Edelinck Sculp.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/spc/sgml/m0871.sgm (5863 words)

	AllRefer.com - Spanish Succession, War of the : The Course of the War (Wars And Battles) - Encyclopedia
		Spanish Succession, War of the, Wars And Battles
		Hostilities between the French and the imperial forces began in Italy, where the imperial general, Prince Eugene of Savoy, defeated Nicolas Catinat and the duke of Villeroi.
		The general war began in 1702, with England, Holland, and most of the German states opposing France, Spain, Bavaria, Portugal, and Savoy.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/SpanSuc-the-course-of-the-war.html (507 words)

	European Magazine: 1790-94, vols. 17-26
		Biographical Anecdotes [re Joseph Butler, Bishop of Durham; Claude Humbert Piarron de Chamousset; Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury; Abbé de Saint Pierre; Wortley Montagu, Jun.; Marshal Nicolas Catinat; Pope and his contemporaries]."
		Anecdotes of Illustrious and Extraordinary Persons, perhaps not generally known [re Antonio Priuli; Jean, Duc de Bourbon; Madame, the mother of the Duc d'Orléans; Nicolas Fouquet; the Duc de Longueville]."
		Anecdotes of Illustrious and Extraordinary Persons, perhaps not generally known [re Pierre Gassendi; Nicolas Claude Fabri de Peiresc ("Peyresc"); Montesquieu; Solinus; Jean Hernaud Gourville; Anne Claude Philippe, Comte de Caylus; John Evelyn; Sir James Stewart; Sir John Fortescue]."
	etext.lib.virginia.edu /bsuva/euromag/3EM.html (4472 words)

	Incunabula Books [REFERENCE: AUTHORS]
		Nicolas Boileau-Despreaux, French poet, critic and satirist (1636 - 1711)
		Nicolas Bourbaki, French pseudonym for mathematician group (c.
		Marshal Nicolas Catinat, French marshal of France (1637 - 1712)
	www.incunabulabooks.com /ibrfathfull.htm (13636 words)

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