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Topic: Nicopolis

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	Ancient Nicopolis
		Nicopolis, the city of victory, was built by Octavian to commemorate his victory at the naval battle of Actium in 31 B.C. The battle itself was not one of the great triumphs of antiquity but the significance of the victory was immense.
		When Nicopolis was completed, inhabitants of the nearby cities of Etolia, Acarnania and Epirus, as well Corinth and from as far afield as Italy, were forced to come and live in the new city.
		Nicopolis' decline began in the 3rd century, partly due to the crisis in the Roman Empire, earthquakes and barbarian raids.
	www.theculturedtraveler.com /Archives/JUL2004/Nicopolis.htm (1922 words)

	Discussion: 69. Nicopolis - ('Amwas-Emmaus)
		Nicopolis is assumed in almost all Christian Pilgrim texts from the 4th century onward.
		Nicopolis, former Emmaus, was identified by Eusebius and by all the Christian commentators after him with Emmaus of the Gospel, where Jesus broke the bread with Cleophas after the Resurrection (Luke 24:13, where its distance from Jerusalem is given as 60 or 160 stadia: the former, ca.
		In the year 70 the Emmaus of the Maccabees was renamed 'Nicopolis,' that is, 'the Victorious', by the Roman conquerors The title was confirmed by Elagabalus in 220.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/ofm/mad/discussion/069discuss.html (2638 words)

	Nicopolis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Besides the Acropolis, the most conspicuous objects are two theatres (the larger with 77 rows of seats) and an aqueduct which brought water to the town from a distance of 27 miles.
		Nicopolis ad Istrum, a city in Thrace at the junction of the latrus (Yantra) with the Danube, founded by Trajan in memory of his victory over the Dacians.
		It was outside this city that the major Battle of Nicopolis was fought in 1396, where the Ottomans crushed a joint Hungarian-Burgundian crusade.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nicopolis (425 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Nicopolis
		The city of Nicopolis (Thrace or Moesia), situated at the junction of the Iatrus with the Danube, was built by Trajan in commemoration of his victory over the Dacians (Ammianus Marcellinus, XXXI, 5; Jornandes, "De rebus geticis", ed.
		The Franciscan bishops formerly resided at Tchiprovetz, destroyed by the Turks in 1688, but after the war and the pestilence of 1812, the bishop established himself at Cioplea, a Catholic village which the Bulgarians had just founded hear Bucharest and where his successors resided until 1883, when the Holy See created the Archbishopric of Bucharest.
		The Bishop of Nicopolis, ceasing then to be apostolic administrator of Wallachia, chose Roustchouk as his residence and still lives there.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11070c.htm (393 words)

	Nicopolis (BiblePlaces.com) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The odeum of Nicopolis was built in the late 1st century A.D. and used until the late 3rd century A.D. At one point a roof covered the structure.
		Nicopolis Bible Study (International Standard Bible Encyclopedia) Good discussion of Paul's intended stay in Nicopolis with a summary of the city's early history.
		Nicopolis (Catholic Encyclopedia) Surveys the history of the city from the first century BC through the eighth century AD.
	www.bibleplaces.com /nicopolis.htm (482 words)

	Nicopolis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		he ancient city of Nicopolis was probably founded by Octavianus Augustus after his victory in the naval battle of Actium over the fleet of Antony and Cleopatra (31 B.C.).
		It was settled by the inhabitants of the Epirotan and Aetolian-Acarnanian cities, and by Italian colonists; from the beginning though it was purely Greek in character.
		The massive walls of Nicopolis were probably built after the conquest of the city by the Vandals (A.D. 474/5) and before the construction of the basilicas (6th century).
	www.culture.gr /2/21/212/21208a/e212ha02.html (513 words)

	Archaeological Museum of Nicopolis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 1972, the finds from the excavations at Nicopolis were put on display and a storeroom was built near the museum, to house the sculpture and finds not included in the exhibition.
		In second use, it was built in the pulpit of the basilica of Alkison, dated to the 6th century A.D. As a result, part of the original relief decoration was replaced with mosaics depicting heads of saints.
		Stone head of a beardless man. It was found in the area of ancient Nicopolis and has been identified with Agrippa, one of the generals of Augustus.
	www.culture.gr /2/21/211/21112m/e211lm03.html (275 words)

	The Battle of Nicopolis, 1396, end of Second Bulgarian Empire
		In 1393, Turnovo, the capital of Bulgaria fell and the king Ivan Shishman is besieged by Islamic invaders in Nicopolis (Bulgarian fortress on the Danube River).
		Ignoring the advice of their Hungarian and Transylvanian allies, the Crusaders charged the Turks and were in turn smashed by the Ottoman heavy cavalry and Serbian mercenaries.
		Nicopolis 1396: The Last Crusade (Campaign Series #64) on the French-led crusade against the Ottomans in Bulgaria, with 14 color plates.
	www.geocities.com /nbulgaria/bulgaria/nicop396.htm (1665 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Nicopolis
		The province of ancient Epirus of which Nicopolis was the metropolis, constituted a portion of the western patriarchate, directly subject to the jurisdiction of the pope; but, about 732, Leo the Isaurian incorporated it into the Patriarcate of Constantinople.
		The last known of these bishops was Anastasius, who attended the Ecumenical Council in 787, and soon afterwards, owing to the decadence into which Nicopolis fell, the metropolitan see was transferred to Naupactus which subsequently figured in the Notitiae episcopatuum.
		Quite extensive ruins of Nicopolis are found three miles to the north of Prevesa and are called Palaio-Prevesa.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11071a.htm (317 words)

	Johannes Bergemann, Die ro+mische Kolonie von Butrint und die Romanisierung Griechenlands, Munich: Pfeil, 1998. ...
		He is interested in the fate of the native populations which lived on the colony sites, in the methods used by the emperors to encourage Romanisation and in the r™le the colonies played therein.
		Another part of the Nicopolis chapter is entitled "the question of the social and cultural processes".
		Yet he cannot trace a direct influence of the "colonies'" theatres beyond doubt: it was not neighbouring cities that adapted first their stages (the next known pulpitum is on Thera!), and there is no special stylistic feature the "Greek" pulpitum theatres would share with the "colony" stages but not with the Italian constructions.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/1999_orig/1999-02-23-xlit.html (2266 words)

	László Veszprémy (CEU-Institute and Museum of Military History) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		If there is something to differentiate the Nicopolis crusade, then it is its careful preparation and timing, the precise timing of the preparatory military blows and the successful execution of most of them.
		It was the battle of Nicopolis that brought the Hungarian monarchs face to face with the reality of threatening superior Ottoman realm and a more sophisticated Turkish strategics.
		Nicopolis does mark a turning point in Hungarian war history, although the further advancement of the Turk was not caused by the lost battle; it was rather a warning signal awakening those involved to the dangerous historical process.
	www.ceu.hu /medstud/events/ev004/veszprem.htm (474 words)

	Nicopolis - International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
		The Nicopolis, however, to which Paul urges Titus to come (pros me eis Nikopolin, ekei gar kekrika paracheimasai (Titus 3:12)) is probably the city of that name situated on the southwest promontory of Epirus.
		Indeed, it was in this very city of Nicopolis, probably, that he was arrested and taken to Rome for trial--during one of the winters between 64-67 AD.
		Nicopolis was situated only a few miles North of the modern Prevesa, the chief city of Epirus today, the city which the Greeks bombarded in 1912 in the hope of wresting it from the Turks.
	www.studylight.org /enc/isb/view.cgi?number=T6397 (465 words)

	Europe a la Carte: Ancient Nicopolis
		The city of Nicopolis was built to commemorate this battle and to satisfy military and trade needs of the region.
		Nicopolis was located on the narrowest part of the peninsula close to the Gulf of Arta, meaning it had 2 harbours, one in the gulf and one on the Ionian Sea.
		By the end of the 5th century, after the conquest of the city by the Vandals (an East Germanic tribe), it was becoming impossible to maintain the 5km of walls and the city contracted to around one sixth of its original size and new sturdy walls were erected.
	www.europealacarte.co.uk /Greece/ancient_nicopolis/index.html (1840 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 1999.02.23
		However, despite having collected the evidence for Nicopolis' real status, B. strangely continues to call Nicopolis a colony on numerous occasions, and even has a chapter heading "the buildings of the early colony".
		Hoepfner has shown that some of the old settlements whose inhabitants were transferred to Nicopolis had suffered destruction at their temples and ramparts.
		In fact, there are some hints that the final redaction was done in an undue hurry: B.'s (correct) conclusion that Nicopolis was not a colony does not match his continuing to call it exactly that; and cf.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/1999/1999-02-23.html (2199 words)

	ekathimerini.com \| Archaeologists gather to discuss emperor’s triumphant monument (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The first international symposium at the ancient Roman city of Nicopolis, which took place 18 years ago, was significant for its time, but was confined to bibliographical data.
		The city was founded by Octavian after his triumph in the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and decisive defeat of his opponents, Mark Antony and Cleopatra.
		Nicopolis, the city of Nike, or Victory, developed over the next 10 centuries into the leading urban center in northwestern Greece.
	www.ekathimerini.com /4dcgi/news/content.asp?aid=21060 (458 words)

	Worcester Art Museum - Bayezid I, "The Thunderbolt," Routs the Crusaders at the Battle of Nicopolis
		Bayezid I, "The Thunderbolt," Routs the Crusaders at the Battle of Nicopolis, from the Hunernama of Loqman, 1584
		In 1396 Venetian and Hungarian Crusaders besieged the Bulgarian fortress of Nicopolis, which was held by the Ottomans.
		Although Bayezid I was at that time attempting to take Constantinople from the Byzantines, he abandoned his campaign to hurry to Nicopolis, where he inflicted a crushing defeat upon his Christian rivals.
	www.worcesterart.org /Collection/Islamic/1935.13.html (233 words)

	The Battle of Nicopolis (1396), according to Johann Schiltberger
		The Battle of Nicopolis (1396), according to Johann Schiltberger
		Nicopolis was the first battle where the Ottoman Turks encountered a western European army.
		The Ottomans were led by their sultan, Bayezid I, while the Christian crusaders came from several nations.
	www.deremilitari.org /resources/sources/nicopolis.htm (1448 words)

	NH - Preveza Prefecture
		Nicopolis (8 km north of Preveza) was founded by the Roman emperor Augustus in the first century B.C. to commemorate his victory over Anthony and Cleopatra in the battle of Actium (31 B.C.).
		It was the chief settlement of the Kassopeii, a Thesprotian tribe that broke away from the rest of the Thesprotians around 400 B.C. and formed an independent state.
		Specialties of the local cuisine include a type of bouillabaisse, "kakavia", pies made of wild greens, a type of bread called "kourkoutopsomo" and a mild pie, "galaktoboureko".
	www.nicopoli.com /preveza/Prv-pref1.htm (755 words)

	Nicopolis - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Nicopolis [Gr.,=city of victory], ancient city, NW Greece, in Epirus.
		It was founded by Octavian (later Augustus) to celebrate the victory (31 BC) at Actium, which is nearby.
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "Nicopolis" at HighBeam.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-nicopoli.html (206 words)

	Bulgaria Under Ottoman Domination 1336
		The last medieval Bulgarian king Ivan Shishman, isolated by Christian Europe because of his Jewish mother, continue the fight against Islam and is besieged in Nicopolis (Bulgarian fortress on the Danube River).
		On 22 September 1396, at Nicopolis they met the Ottoman army and its Serbian allies in the dramatic battle of Nicopolis.
		Ignoring the advice of the Hungarian King, the Crusaders charged the Turks and were in turn smashed by the Ottoman and Serbian heavy cavalry.
	www.geocities.com /nbulgaria/bulgaria/ottomans.htm (2451 words)

	Titus 3:12-15
		Of the several cities named Nicopolis, most commentators judge the reference in Titus 3:12 to be Nicopolis in Epirus on the west coast of Greece.
		The use of this tense by Paul is indicative of a person who thinks a matter through and finally comes to a conclusion where he is so sure of himself that he is settled in his determination to follow a certain course of action.
		Paul thought the matter through carefully as to the advisability of spending the winter season in which travel by land was difficult, and by sea impossible, at Nicopolis, and came to the settled conclusion that that city was the best place at which he could stay.
	www.preceptaustin.org /titus_39-15.htm (4729 words)

	Battle of Nicopolis (1396 AD) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		But their advance was halted at the town of Nicopolis, which resisted the Crusader siege for over two weeks.
		However, the crusader knights may be moved as a group with other elements, as long as these others match the knights speed and join the crusaders heading directly towards the nearest enemy.
		Available from the De Bellis Bookstore: David Nicolle's Nicopolis 1396: The Last Crusade (Campaign Series #64) on the French-led crusade against the Ottomans in Serbia, with 14 color plates.
	fanaticus.org /DBA/battles/nicopolis.html (453 words)

	Book of Titus - Bible Survey
		This letter advises Titus in what qualifications to look for in seeking leaders for the church as he warns Titus of the reputations of those living on the island of Crete (Titus 1:12).
		Paul suggested Titus bring with him two others from the church “that nothing be lacking unto them.” In other words, Paul continued to disciple Titus and others as they grew in the grace of the Lord (Titus 3:13).
		To help Titus continue in his faith in Christ Paul suggested Titus come to Nicopolis and bring with him two other members of the church (Titus 3:12-13).
	www.gotquestions.org /Book-of-Titus.html (713 words)

	History of Jihad against the Bulgarians (1393-1877) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		At the Battle of Nicopolis, the Ottomans feigned to negotiate a surrender and slaughtered the Christians with guile.
		With the Crusaders stalled at Nicopolis, the Ottoman sultan saw his chance and marched to the town's rescue, choosing a defensive position straddling the road to the city with his flanks protected by ravines.
		At Nicopolis thousands of Christian soldiers who had laid down their weapons were slaughtered in a bloodthirsty orgy lasting several hours after the battle had ended.
	www.historyofjihad.org /bulgaria.html (8432 words)

	Ancient Sources: Mountain of Judah and Shephelah: 69. Nicopolis - ('Amwas-Emmaus)
		Today it is Nicopolis, a famous city of Palestine.
		Then, turning back along the way she had come, she reached Nicopolis (formerly called Emmaus) where the Lord made himself known to Cleophas in the breaking of the bread, thus consecrating his house as a church.
		Province of Palaestina Prima, Aelia-Jerusalem, Caesarea, Dora, Antipatris, Diospolis wich is also Georgiopolis, Iamnia, Nicopolis, Ono, Sozousa, Ioppe, Ascalon, Gaza, Raphia, Anthedon, Diocletianopolis, Eleutheropolis, Neapolis, Sebaste, region of Amathous, region of Jericho, region of Livias, region of Gadara, Azotos Paralos, Azotos, Sycomazon, Bitylion, Tricomias, Toxos, Canstantiniac Salton, Geraritic Salton wich is also Barsamon.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/ofm/mad/sources/sources069.html (2121 words)

	Nicopolis - LoveToKnow 1911 (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		NICOPOLIS, or Actia Nicopolis, an ancient city of Epirus, founded 31 B.C. by Octavian (Augustus) in memory of his victory over Antony and Cleopatra at Actium.
		The colony, composed of settlers from a great many of the towns of the neighbouring countries (Ambracia, Anactorium, Calydon, Argos Amphilo-.chicum, Leucas, andc.), proved highly successful, and the city was considered the capital of southern Epirus and Acarnania, and obtained the right of sending five representatives to the Amphictyonic council.
		The ruins of Nicopolis, now known as Palaeoprevesa (Old Prevesa), lie about 3 m.
	www.1911ency.org.cob-web.org:8888 /N/NI/NICOPOLIS.htm (238 words)

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